纳米铜润滑油添加剂的摩擦学特性及其自修复机理

为了评价纳米铜添加剂对摩擦副的减摩和自修复性能,采用液相化学还原法合成了二烷基二硫代磷酸(HDDP)修饰纳米铜微粒,利用四球摩擦磨损试验机分析了不同载荷条件下纳米铜添加量对摩擦系数、磨斑直径等摩擦学性能影响,采用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)分析了磨痕形貌及其化学成分组成,并通过纳米压痕测试技术测量铜膜硬度及弹性模量。结果表明:纳米铜添加量为0.4%(质量分数)时减摩效果最佳,磨斑直径和摩擦系数明显下降,比未添加纳米铜的降低了23.0%~27.2%和15.1%~24.9%。摩擦过程中纳米铜微粒在摩擦表面形成化学沉积膜,铜膜的纳米硬度为1.63 GPa,弹性模量为78.08 GPa,表现出优良的抗磨减摩性能。     

远红外纳米陶瓷粉润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能

为了研究远红外纳米陶瓷粉作为添加剂对润滑油摩擦学性能的影响,将其表面改性后添加到牌号为150SN的基础油中,利用四球摩擦试验机对比研究陶瓷粉润滑油和基础油的摩擦学性能、摩擦系数和对应钢球的磨斑直径变化以及摩擦磨损机理。结果表明:两者的摩擦系数起始阶段相差不大,后期陶瓷粉润滑油的摩擦系数大幅减小;陶瓷粉润滑油的平均摩擦系数随着陶瓷粉添加量的增加先减小后增大,陶瓷粉添加质量分数为1.0%时,平均摩擦系数达到最小,相对基础油的变化率达-31.6%;陶瓷粉润滑油的磨斑直径远远小于基础油的,当陶瓷粉的添加质量分数为1.0%时,磨斑直径最小。     

纳米润滑添加剂的摩擦学特性研究

纳米金属铜粒子粒度难以控制,其在润滑油中的分散性和稳定性也存在不少问题,为此,采用机械化学法在QM1SP04高能行星球磨机上制备出了铜颗粒粒径在15～60 nm之间的纳米铜浆,并与润滑基础油N68混合搅拌、沉淀后,获得了油溶性良好的纳米润滑油添加剂NT-1.用XP销-盘摩擦磨损试验机和四球摩擦试验机考察了NT-1添加剂的摩擦学性能,结果表明:添加NT-1纳米添加剂的N68润滑油比未添加时总磨损量减小了135%,出现了负磨损现象;将NT-1添加到长城15W/40SE汽油机油中,其PB值增加了26.0%,摩擦系数降低了11.1%,表现出良好的减摩性能和自修复功能.同时,将NT-1添加剂与3种有机钼盐配对试验,发现加入2%的硫化硫磷酸钼使基础油的承载能力提高了98.3%,其原因可能是有机钼与纳米铜之间存在协同作用.     

含纳米CaCO3,Cu混合物添加剂润滑油的研究

采用纳米碳酸钙、纳米铜粒子混合物作为润滑油添加剂.选择合适的表面活性剂制备含纳米碳酸钙和纳米铜粒子混合物添加剂的润滑油.利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察含纳米碳酸钙、纳米铜粒子添加剂的润滑油的摩擦学性能;用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察表面磨痕的形貌.用原子力显微镜和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察分析在磨损表面纳米粒子的形态与分布.研究结果表明,纳米碳酸钙、纳米铜的粒子混合物的最佳添加量为:纳米碳酸钙与纳米铜的总添加量的质量分数为0.6%,纳米碳酸钙与纳米铜的质量分数之比为1∶1;该润滑油具有最佳的摩擦学性能.研究还表明,润滑油中纳米碳酸钙、纳米铜粒子混合物添加剂的优良摩擦学性能与纳米粒子在表面存在形态相关.     

纳米碳酸钙、铜粒子混合物用作润滑油添加剂的研究

本研究采用纳米碳酸钙和铜粒子混合物作为添加剂加入润滑油中,选择合适的表面活性剂制备含纳米碳酸钙和纳米铜粒子混合物添加剂的润滑油.采用四球摩擦磨损试验机测定含纳米碳酸钙、纳米铜粒子添加剂的润滑油的摩擦学性能;使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱分析(EDS)等观察分析磨损钢球表面的磨痕形貌、化学元素和纳米粒子形态.结果表明,纳米碳酸钙、纳米铜的混合粒子的最佳添加量为:总添加量Wt(CaCO3 Cu)%=0.6%,WtCaCO3%:WtCu%=1:1;该润滑油具有最佳的抗磨、减摩性能.研究表明,含纳米碳酸钙、纳米铜粒子添加剂的润滑油的抗磨、减摩机理与纳米粒子存在形态相关.     

纳米坡缕石/铜复合材料对钢球摩擦副的摩擦学性能

采用化学还原法和球磨共混添加法制备了纳米坡缕石/铜（P/Cu）复合材料,采用粒度分析仪和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对复合纳米粒子的粒度和形貌进行表征。利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了不同纳米P/Cu添加量和不同P与Cu配比的复合粉体作为润滑油添加剂对高副钢球摩擦副的摩擦学性能,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线能谱仪（EDS）对摩擦表面进行形貌、元素性能分析。结果表明,所制备的纳米P/Cu粒径基本小于100 nm,分散稳定性良好,在纳米P/Cu为1wt%且P：Cu＝3：1（质量比）添加量下表现出最优的摩擦学性能,其钢球磨斑直径比基础油的减小了20.7%。纳米P/Cu可在摩擦表面生成含Mg、Al、Si和Cu等元素的自修复膜,补偿摩擦磨损且使摩擦表面变光滑。     

油酸修饰PbS纳米微粒的原位合成与抗磨性能研究

将纳米材料作为润滑添加剂已经成为当前摩擦学研究的热点.为了制备具有良好抗磨性和分散性的纳米添加剂,对油酸修饰PbS纳米微粒的合成方法与润滑性能进行了研究.在液体石蜡中原位合成了油酸修饰的PbS纳米微粒,将其在离心机中离心后可获得稳定的溶液.采用红外光谱、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对产物结构和形貌进行了表征,利用四球摩擦磨损试验机对其作为润滑油添加荆的抗磨性能进行了评价,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对磨斑表面形貌进行了观察.在试验基础上,探讨了纳米微粒在溶液中的稳定机制.结果表明,原位合成的PbS微粒表面有油酸修饰层存在,从而使其在液体石蜡中具有良好的分散性能,粒度小于15nm,油酸修饰的PbS纳米微粒作为添加剂在液体石蜡中的添加量为0.3%(质量分数)时的磨斑直径最小,磨斑表面光滑平整.     

油酸修饰纳米BN/TiN润滑添加剂的摩擦学性能研究EI北大核心CSCD

使用油酸对BN,TiN,BN/TiN纳米添加剂进行表面改性修饰,通过傅里叶红外光谱仪进行表征,利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察润滑油纳米添加剂的摩擦学性能。结果表明:油酸成功枝接在纳米颗粒表面,提高其分散性能。与纯基础油相比,纳米添加剂工况摩擦因数降低11.7%,磨斑直径降低29.5%,磨斑表面未出现起皮脱落现象,沟槽深度、宽度明显降低,混合BN/TiN纳米添加剂表现出协同润滑作用。纳米BN,TiN颗粒能够进入摩擦副中,起到微轴承作用,降低摩擦磨损,进入摩擦副中的纳米BN与摩擦副基体材料发生化学反应,生成氮化硼、氧化硼、氧化铁等物质修复磨损表面。     

含纳米碳酸钙粒子润滑油的摩擦学性能研究

研究了将粒径约为40nm的纳米碳酸钙粒子作为添加剂加入40CD润滑油中,采用四球摩擦磨损试验机测定含纳米碳酸钙粒子的润滑油的摩擦学性能;利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱仪观察与分析磨斑表面形貌、元素的状态等.结果表明,含0.6%纳米碳酸钙的润滑油具有最佳的抗磨减摩性能;文中对抗磨减摩机理进行了探讨.     

坡缕石/铜复合纳米粉体对HT200摩擦副的摩擦学性能

用共混法制备1∶1的坡缕石/铜复合纳米粉体,经表面修饰后按质量比2%添加到150N基础油中,制备出含复合纳米材料添加剂的润滑油体系。用MMU-10G摩擦磨损试验机测试该润滑油添加剂对HT200对磨试样的摩擦学性能,并用高精度电子天平测定试件的失重量以评定其耐磨性能。用扫描电镜SEM、EDX等分析了摩擦磨损试验后表面成分与形貌的变化,并分析了摩擦学性能变化的机理。结果表明:制备的坡缕石/铜复合纳米粉体在基础油中分散性良好,颗粒大小不超过200nm,能明显提高摩擦副的减摩抗磨性能,平均摩擦因数下降19.1%,总磨损量下降44%,试件表面生成了含坡缕石特征元素和铜元素的自修复膜层,这是纳米坡缕石和纳米铜粒子共同作用的结果。     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.