小型太阳模拟器设计研究

太阳模拟器是一种模拟太阳辐射特性的测量仪器,其在航空航天领域中用来检测卫星热设计的热平衡试验和用来检测卫星姿态测量,并完成地面标定与测试试验。本文在突出太阳模拟器小型化的特点下,详细论述了太阳模拟器的设计要点,给出了详细设计方案。本文设计的太阳模拟器设计方法简单可靠,具有很大的推广价值。     

空间辐射制冷器用小型环境模拟器的研制

研制了一台试验和检测辐射制冷器的小型空间环境模拟器,系统采用闭循环小型制冷机作冷源,模拟冷背景温度20K,功率8瓦,黑度0.98,容器压力1.8×10~(-5)帕.系统配有巡回检测装置对实验数据自动进行采集.图1是模拟器结构示意图.对于模拟误差估算利用航天器模拟误差理论,推广至辐射制冷器冷黑、真空环境模拟,只能较近似地估算模拟误差的来源和大小,作为模拟器的设计依据。经过调试,符合设计要求,系统操作简便,清洁无油,不污染制冷器光学镜面,运转费用低廉.图3,参考文献4.     

平面精密工作台的性能测试和控制

要实现平面工作台的精密定位,需要对其运动进行检测,并设计相应的控制方案.为同步检测平面工作台三自由度位移,研制了图像处理位移检测系统.以CCD相机为核心结合显微镜放大、图像采集和图像处理构成检测系统.系统的位移检测不受工作台大幅转动的影响.检测系统既有较高的位移分辨率,又有一定的位移检测范围.使用图像处理位移检测系统,对清华大学制造的平面精密工作台的运动性能进行了测试.工作台干涉运动均小于主运动,通过合理的开环控制对各个运动方向上的干涉运动进行补偿,获得了工作台在平面任意方向上的运动.工作台小范围定位能力的检测表明工作台具有很高的定位分辨率.     

一种太阳模拟器检测装置的研制

本文介绍了一种太阳模拟器检测装置,以太阳电池模块作为太阳模拟器的辐照度检测模块,数据采集卡作为数据采集模块,所采集的数据经上位机处理,可对太阳模拟器的不稳定度、不均匀度等参数进行现场检测,使得检测流程更为便捷、可靠。     

日光模拟器对试验室内传热影响的数值分析

应用CFD技术对沙漠环境模拟试验室内的传热过程进行了模拟,分别比较了日光模拟器的高度和开启组数对室内温度场和地面辐射分布的影响。研究发现随着日光模拟器高度升高热气流越难被带走,地面太阳辐射值明显减小。随着灯的数量增加,室内上升气流的趋势越明显,地面太阳辐射值明显增大。将灯布置成“梅花状”,有利于辐射照度的均匀。     

无标准信号输出仪表动态多路同步检测技术

针对无标准信号输出仪表检测存在的效率低、误差大、成本高等问题,开展了仪表动态多路同步检测技术的研究,较系统地介绍了该技术的原理、系统结构、图像处理与识别方法、装置硬件及软件构成.该技术是工业视觉系统在计量检测领域研究和应用的发展,具有经济适用、快速准确的特点,有着重要的推广价值.     

线纹标准工作台的研制

文章介绍了公司自主开发的线纹标准工作台的设计思想和理论依据、各部件的制作方法及其性能测试,对由工作台为主体建成的线纹标准装置的测量不确定度、测量重复性进行了论证。线纹标准工作台的研制成功,对公司健全量值溯源系统,完善计量检测体系,创造经济效益具有深远的意义。     

合理布局 科学选型 及时修正参数 唐钢提高能源计量准确度的“三件法宝”

一、合理布局1.原来的能源计量系统主要是由一次检测元件、变送器、安全栅、数显仪表几个部分组成。计量设施不完善,设备老化,遍布全公司的二级厂矿,不利于集中管理和宏观控制。为了保障计量系统的准确性,在健全计量设施方面,我们做了如下工作:在转炉煤气计量中,二钢厂和棒材厂都没有单独的计量装置,只是在总的管道上安装了一套流量表,两家的煤气使用量要靠经验值人为分配,这样势必会引起争议,造成误差;再如高线厂既烧转炉煤气又烧高炉煤气,一套计量系统不可能把二者分开计量。在结算时,也需要人为平衡,这样也势必会造成较大误差。我们针对…     

光学载荷定标试验设备真空抽气系统设计

光学载荷定标试验设备主要用于为航天器光学载荷定标试验提供真空、冷黑及太阳辐射的空间环境。设备主要包括:真空容器、真空抽气系统、氮系统、中央测控系统、20 K深冷系统、太阳模拟器系统等。本文概要介绍了光学载荷定标试验设备真空抽气系统的主要性能指标、系统组成以及设计计算。     

计量在太阳能光伏产业上的应用

太阳能光伏作为新兴行业,相关的光伏产品种类和性能变化非常快,因使用的计量测试仪器和测试条件的不同,测量的偏差较大,同时与之相适应的计量测试技术也没有跟上。该文简要介绍了与太阳能光伏参数测量密切相关的,包括太阳模拟器、IV测试仪、总辐射表和太阳电池量子效率测量装置在内的各项计量研究工作。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.