铈掺杂多孔硅的形貌和光致发光研究

采用电化学方法在多孔硅中掺杂了稀土铈(Ce)元素.利用原子力显微镜表征了多孔硅和Ce掺杂多孔硅的表面形貌,采用荧光分光计对样品的光致发光(PL)特性进行了研究.多孔硅样品在480nm波长激发下PL谱上观察到两个发光峰,分别位于572和650nm;通过光致发光激发谱测量,得到位于572、650nm的发光峰对应的最佳激发波长分别为380和477nm.Ce掺杂多孔硅样品在480nm波长激发下,PL谱上只显示出多孔硅原有的发光增强;而在380nm波长激发下的PL谱上不仅显示多孔硅原有的发光增强,而且还出现了新的发光峰位于517nm.认为这分别是Ce3 与nc-Si发生了能量传递和Ce掺杂引入了新的发光中心所造成的.     

制备方法对锌掺杂多孔硅蓝光发射强度及稳定性的影响

分别采用浸渍法和电镀法对多孔硅薄膜进行了锌掺杂.用扫描探针显微镜研究了多孔硅掺杂前后的表面形貌,用荧光分光光度计分析了样品的光致发光特性,发现锌掺杂增强了多孔硅的蓝光发射,且在420nm附近出现了一个小峰,样品放置一个月后,发光强度和峰位变化很小.红外吸收谱表明锌掺杂后,Si-O-Si键、Si2O-SiH键、H2Si-O2键的振动增强,且引入了Zn-O键.锌掺杂多孔硅发射蓝光是由于掺杂后多孔硅无定形程度增大,应力增大,表面进一步被氧化,使纳米硅粒中激发的电子-空穴对在SiOx层中或纳米硅粒与SiOx层界面的发光中心复合发光造成的,420nm处的发光峰是由锌填隙引起浅施主能级上的电子到价带跃迁造成的,同时分析了电镀法掺杂锌的优越性.     

二氧化硅基质包埋硅纳米晶的微观结构和发光性能

利用离子注入和后续高温退火的方法制备了包埋在二氧化硅(Si02)基质中的硅纳米晶,研究了不同离子注入浓度试样的微观结构和发光性能,以及硅纳米晶的生长机理和发光机制.结果表明:较小的硅纳米晶(<5 nm)其生长机理符合Ostwald熟化机理,较大的纳米晶(>10 nm)则是由多个小纳米晶粒通过孪晶组合或融合而成的;离子注入浓度为8×1016cm-2的样品其发光强度是离子注入浓度为3×1017cm-2样品发光强度的5倍;硅纳米晶内部的微观结构缺陷(如孪晶和层错)对其荧光强度有很大的影响.     

离子注入制备掺Er富硅氧化硅材料光致发光

利用离子注入方法制备了掺Er富硅氧化硅材料,用XRD,TEM方法研究材料微观结构,并测量了样品的光致发光(PL),研究了发光强度随测量温度的变化。试验表明:在1173K以上退火,注入硅集聚,形成φ(2-4)nm的纳米晶硅(nc-Si),纳米晶硅外面包裹非晶硅(a-Si),注入的Er离子分布在非晶硅中。通过非晶硅与硅纳米晶相耦合,非晶硅吸收部分硅纳米晶对Er的激发能量,降低了Er的激发效率;在T>150K时,激发态Er与非晶硅间的能量背迁移降低了Er的发光效率。     

超高真空退火及X射线辐照对多孔硅发光膜的影响

研究X射线及超高真空退火对发光多孔硅膜（PSL）发光特性的影响。通过光电子谱原位检测分析，发现X射线辐照及其空退火均可使发光多孔硅膜失去发光能力，同时伴随着Si2p光电子峰高结合能部分有较大的下降。根据实验结果认为：发光多孔硅中的发光物质为含氟缺氧的二氧化硅。     

SiNx薄膜中硅纳米粒子的制备及表征

通过等离子增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)法, 以氨气和硅烷为反应气体, P型单晶硅和石英为衬底, 低温下(200℃)制备了含硅纳米粒子的非化学计量比氮化硅(SiN_x)薄膜. 经高温(范围500~950℃)退火处理优化了薄膜结构. 室温下测试了不同温度退火后含硅纳米粒子SiN_x薄膜的拉曼(Raman)光谱、光致发光(PL)光谱及傅立叶变换红外吸收(FTIR)光谱, 对薄膜材料的结构特性、发光特性及其键合特性进行了分析. Raman光谱表明. SiN_x薄膜内的硅纳米粒子为非晶结构. PL光谱显示两条与硅纳米粒子相关的光谱带, 随退火温度的升高此两光谱带峰位移动方向相同. 当退火温度低于800℃时, PL光谱峰位随退火温度的升高而蓝移. 当退火温度高于800℃时, PL光谱峰位随退火温度的升高而红移. 通过SiNx薄膜的三种光谱分析发现薄膜的光致发光源于硅纳米粒子的量子限制效应. 这些结果对硅纳米粒子制备工艺优化和硅纳米粒子光电器件的应用有重要意义.     

退火对两种硅基薄膜的结构及发光影响

采用双离子束共溅射沉积方法制备了两种复合硅基薄膜SiOxCy和SiOxNy薄膜,对两种薄膜进行后退火处理,并分别对样品进行PL、FTIR、XPS谱测试分析,比较退火前后的发光及结构的变化。两种样品的光致发光测试谱(PL)表明:退火前后都有两个发光峰位-都存在470nm的发光峰位,它来自于硅基薄膜中中性氧空位缺陷(O3≡Si-Si≡O3),是由于氧原子配位的二价硅的单态-单态之间的跃迁所致,其发光强度随退火温度的升高而变化。进一步的FTIR和XPS的测试谱表明另外一个发光峰位420nm(SiOxCy薄膜)和400nm(SiOxNy薄膜)分别来自于掺杂杂质(C和N)与硅基薄膜中的Si、O组成的复合结构。而两种样品经过退火处理后掺杂所引起的发光峰位强度随退火温度的升高而增强,说明退火温度的升高有利于发光机制的形成。     

多孔硅与聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯复合光致发光特性研究

多孔硅与有机材料复合可以改善多孔硅的光致发光特性。用化学腐蚀的方法制备了多孔硅，通过不同方法实现了多孔硅与聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)的复合。实验结果表明，用旋涂法实现的PMMA固化后再与多孔硅复合而制得的样品的结果最好，它与原始的多孔硅样品相比，发光峰发生了蓝移而且发光强度下降很小。PMMA层有限的厚度和PMMA对多孔硅表面的保护使复合后发光强度下降很小。制备的多孔／PMMA复合体系的发光强度几乎不随时间而下降，这可能是由于PMMA有效地隔绝多孔硅与空气的接触，保护了多孔硅的表面，不会产生更多的悬挂键。     

硝酸银水溶液处理新生多孔硅的研究

n型单晶硅经光电化学阳极刻蚀成多孔硅.研究了多孔硅经硝酸银(AgNO3)水溶液浸泡前后样品的光致发光(PL)性质,实验发现,浸泡很短时间内多孔硅发光强度增强,浸泡时间较长的样品发光强度会衰减直至猝灭,且浸泡液浓度越大荧光衰减越明显.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM),傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)的检测显示,AgNO3水溶液浸泡的多孔硅样品表面有金属银析出.光致发光增强是多孔硅表面形成Si-O结构所致,荧光猝灭是因为银在多孔硅表面形成大量非辐射复合中心.     

多孔硅的高效可见光发射来自其表面

用扫描电镜继续对发光多孔硅的阴极射线发光进行了系统的研究,得到了其阴极荧光发射部位、强度分布显微照片,发现在样品的表面层脱落处（暴露着多孔层大量微孔）无阴极射线发光产生,只有表面层未脱落处才有阴极射线发光;对样品的截面实验研究同样清楚地表明多孔硅样品的阴极射线发光只来源于其表面层,多孔层、硅单晶衬底区域不发生阴极射线发光．实验还提供了阴极射线发光强度在截面上随深度变化情况显微照片．阴极射线发光光谱表明其光谱峰值位置在680nm处,相似于多孔硅的光致发光．实验结果再次表明多孔硅的可见光来源于其表面层中的荧光物质．     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.