共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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为制备力学性能优异的聚丙烯腈基碳纤维,采用氨化度不同的衣康酸(IA)单体与丙烯腈(AN)、丙烯酸甲酯(MA)和乙烯磺酸(AS)制备聚丙烯腈(PAN)基碳纤维。通过聚合转化率的测定表征聚合反应速度,显微镜观察原丝断面形貌,广角X射线衍射表征原丝结晶取向度,动态热机械法表征原丝的玻璃化转变温度和热收缩率,电子万能试验机表征原丝及碳纤维的力学性能。测试结果表明,IA经氨化后制备得到β-衣康酸铵,以β-衣康酸铵作为共聚单体制备的PAN纺丝液的数均相对分子质量达到64100,相对分子质量分布指数为2.96,比粘为1.86;纺丝后原丝断面明亮整齐,氨化度为25%的原丝在12倍牵伸下,单丝拉伸强度为6.8cN/dtex,弹性模量为113.0cN/dtex;该原丝的玻璃化转变温度较未氨化原丝提高了3.19℃;该原丝经炭化后的碳纤维(1K)的拉伸强度达到4572 MPa,弹性模量249GPa,钩结强力62.4N,纤维的力学性能和韧性得到提高。 相似文献
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在使用PAN.F(聚丙烯腈原丝)为前躯体制备PAN.CF(聚丙烯腈基碳纤维)的过程中,经过预氧化反应生成的PAN.OF(聚丙烯腈基氧化纤维,俗称预氧丝)是其非常重要的中间过程,PAN.OF的皮芯结构直接影响着PAN.CF的力学性能。借助超薄切片机、电子显微镜、扫描电镜和材料试验机等表征测试手段,系统研究了PAN.OF的皮芯结构对PAN.CF力学性能的影响。研究认为:通过原丝的细旦化和预氧化过程条件的优化可以有效控制或消除PAN.OF的皮芯结构,得到抗拉强度5600MPa以上,弹性模量290GPa以上的碳纤维。 相似文献
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以偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐(AIBA)、偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,分别制备了具有不同端基结构的丙烯腈与衣康酸共聚物PAN-AIBA和PAN-AIBN,采用湿法纺丝技术制备PAN原丝。采用两种梯度升温方式对PAN原丝进行热稳定化处理,对优选的预氧化纤维进行高温碳化制得碳纤维。采用多种手段表征纤维结构与组成的变化规律。结果表明,脒端基可提高PAN预氧纤维的相对环化率,使其氧含量和体密度平稳增长,因此有利于预氧化纤维的结构调控。PAN-AIBA基碳纤维的皮芯结构差异小于PAN-AIBN基碳纤维,与其相对温和的热稳定化行为相符。 相似文献
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为提高聚丙烯腈(PAN)的性能,获得性能优异的PAN原丝,将60Co γ射线辐照聚合制备的高相对分子质量PAN分别进行真空冷冻干燥、鼓风干燥和真空干燥,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和热重分析仪对样品进行表征。结果表明:真空干燥会影响PAN的化学结构;升高温度会降低PAN的结晶能力;真空干燥和鼓风干燥使得PAN发生团聚或交联;真空冷冻干燥的PAN粉末热分解性能最稳定,同时溶解性能也最好;真空冷冻干燥为最佳干燥方式。 相似文献
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Wangxi ZHANG Musen LI Department of Materials Chemical Engineering Zhongyuan Institute of Technology Zhengzhou China School of Materials Science Engineering Shandong University Jinan China 《材料科学技术学报》2005,21(4):581-584
Different polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursor fibers that displayed various thermal properties were studied by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results showed that some commercial PAN precursor fibers displayed double separated peaks and these fibers were of high quality because of their process stability during their conversion to carbon fibers of high performance. Some fabrication processes, such as spinning, drawing, could not apparently change the DSC features of a PAN precursor fiber. It was concluded that the thermal properties of a PAN precursor fiber was mainly determined from its comonomer content type and compositions. 相似文献
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先用静电纺丝法制备聚丙烯腈(PAN)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)基高分子纤维,然后将其碳化制备出不同碳源的多孔碳纤维材料。使用X-射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪、差示扫描量热仪和N2吸脱附分析仪等手段表征了碳纤维材料的结构和性能。结果表明,PAN基碳纤维的比表面积最大(113.5 m2/g)、微孔较多,对刚果红的吸附量最大(560.2 g/kg)。根据吸附动力学模型和吸附等温线的分析结果,碳纤维对刚果红的吸附属单层吸附。结果还表明,温度越高材料的吸附速率越高但是吸附量没有明显的变化;在酸性条件下PVA基碳纤维保持较高的吸附活性,而PAN基碳纤维则与之相反;刚果红水溶液的pH值对PVP基碳纤维吸附活性的影响很小。 相似文献
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径向结构是实现PAN基石墨纤维高模高强化的重要影响因素之一,有效调控、优化石墨纤维径向结构分布特征对制备高性能石墨纤维具有重要的指导意义。通过对径向分布特征不同的预氧纤维进行炭化、石墨化处理,研究PAN预氧纤维径向结构分布特征对石墨纤维径向结构分布特征和力学性能的影响。结果表明,石墨纤维径向结构是在预氧纤维径向结构上继承发展而来,含有较多共轭结构的预氧纤维皮部区域在炭化、石墨化处理后石墨化程度较高,有利于纤维力学性能提高,但过高的预氧化温度不仅使纤维中含氧结构增多,还使石墨纤维径向结构差异过大,导致石墨纤维的结构致密性下降,皮芯间产生剪切应力,纤维承载能力下降,力学性能受损。 相似文献
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Aneta Fraczek-Szczypta Maciej Bogun Stanislaw Blazewicz 《Journal of Materials Science》2009,44(17):4721-4727
Carbon nanotubes were used to modify a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymer solution before the manufacture of the carbon fiber
precursor. The modified PAN fibers were spun from a dimethylformamide solution containing a small amount of single-walled
carbon nanotubes. The fibers were characterized by thermogravimetry and optical and scanning electron microscopy. Structure,
morphology, and selected properties of the composite polymeric fibers and the fibers after carbonization are characterized.
The mechanical properties of the fibers are examined. It is found that nanotubes in the PAN solution have a strong tendency
to form agglomerates that inhibit suitable macromolecular chain orientation of the carbon fiber precursor. Fibers manufactured
from such a solution have similar mechanical properties to those from a pure PAN precursor, and after carbonization the resultant
carbon fibers are very weak. A comparison of pure carbon fibers and those containing nanotubes reveals slight differences
in their structural ordering. 相似文献
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聚丙烯腈是炭纤维的重要原材料.高质量的聚丙烯腈才有可能生产出高质量的原丝,而高质量的原丝是保证高质量炭纤维的必要条件.聚丙烯腈的分子量及其分布、等规度、共聚结构单元的比例及分布直接影响着聚丙烯腈的质量,进而影响原丝及其发纤维的性能.从聚丙烯腈分子链的微观结构(分子量及其分布、等规度、共聚结构单元的比例及分布)阐述了对炭... 相似文献
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采用电化学氧化法对聚丙烯腈(PAN) 基碳纤维进行表面改性, 利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM) 、原子力显微镜(AFM) 、X 射线光电子能谱(XPS) 和X 射线衍射(XRD) 对改性后的碳纤维表面状态进行了研究。同时探讨了碳纤维表面状态与其抗拉强度及其复合材料力学性能的关联。研究结果表明, 碳纤维经电化学氧化后, 表面的粗糙度提高了1.1 倍; 表面碳含量降低了9.7 %, 氧含量提高了53.8 %, 氮含量增加了7.5 倍, 羟基和羰基含量也有不同程度的提高; 表面取向指数减小了1.5 %, 表面微晶尺寸减小, 表面活性碳原子数增加了78 %。电化学氧化法的刻蚀作用致使碳纤维拉伸强度降低了8.1 %, 但同时也改善了碳纤维表面的物理性质和化学性质, 提高了碳纤维与树脂间的粘结性, 使复合材料的ILSS 提高26 %。 相似文献
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The effects of fiber diameter on the mechanical properties of PAN-based carbon fibers have been investigated in a series of processing experiments on fibers with different starting filament diameters. The fiber tows, with similar initial mechanical performance, were stretched at high temperatures to produce a large number of fiber types with a wide range of filament diameters. The three starting carbon fibers tows had nominal filament diameters of 5 μm, 6·5 μm, and 10 μm and contained 12000, 6000, and 3000 filaments respectively. These tows were stretched for 5 minutes at 2600°C with a series of loads of up to 6 kg. For all fiber types and all stretching conditions, substantial increases in Young's moduli were induced, the increases being closely related to the induced extensions. However, it was found that tensile strengths generally decreased if fibers were subjected to high temperatures without significant stretching. On the other hand, the tensile strengths were restored to their original values when greater strains were induced by using higher stresses. Although fibers with a relatively large diameter of 8·3 μm were produced with a modulus of -470GPa and strength of -3·7 GPa, greater improvements in mechanical properties were achieved with smaller diameter fibers. The loads and temperatures involved in these hot stretching experiments were not excessive, and the investigations showed that serious consideration should be given to the feasibility of commercial production of high performance PAN-based carbon fibers by this processing route. 相似文献