聚丙烯腈基炭纤维的制备

采用丙烯腈（AN）与衣糠酸（IA）自由基溶液共聚合,以偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）为引发剂,在二甲基亚砜（DMSO）中合成了聚丙烯腈肪丝溶液,经湿法纺丝制得聚丙烯腈（PAN）原丝。在原丝牵伸的最后一般用CoSO4水溶液浸渍改性。利用SEM、TEM和热稳定化过程研究等方法进行对比研究改性前后纤维的结构与性能。结果表明：CoSO4能催化PAN原丝的热稳定化、环化反应,缩短预氧化时间,并能提高最终炭纤维的机械性能。     

二元氨化聚丙烯腈碳纤维制备及性能的研究

以二甲基亚砜为溶剂,偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,丙烯腈(AN)和氨化的衣康酸(IA)为聚合物单体进行二元自由基均相溶液聚合,合成了聚丙烯腈(PAN)纺丝溶液,经湿法纺丝制得PAN原丝,经预氧化和碳化得到氨化的PAN基碳纤维。采用扫描电镜、广角X射线衍射、动态机械法和电子万能机等表征方法对PAN原丝和PAN碳纤维的性能进行了表征。结果表明:IA经氨化后制得β-衣康酸,以β-衣康酸为聚合单体制备的二元PAN基原丝的拉伸性能更优异。     

炭纤维前驱体聚丙烯腈原丝的制备及其热稳定化

采用丙烯腈（AN）与衣糠酸（IA）自由基溶液共聚合，以偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）为引发剂，在二甲基亚砜（DMSO）中合成了聚丙烯腈纺比还,率湿法纺丝制得聚丙烯腈（PAN）原丝。研究了各种工艺条件，如含固量；牵伸倍数；凝固浴浓度，温度，预热浴温度等对聚丙烯腈原丝结构与性能的影响。分析了纤维成型时出现的各种异常现象。通过对聚丙腈原丝热稳定化工艺过程及纤维扫描电镜的研究，发现原丝经热稳定化后其断面形态结构有遗传，发展现象。     

预氧丝皮芯结构对碳纤维性能的影响

在使用PAN.F(聚丙烯腈原丝)为前躯体制备PAN.CF(聚丙烯腈基碳纤维)的过程中,经过预氧化反应生成的PAN.OF(聚丙烯腈基氧化纤维,俗称预氧丝)是其非常重要的中间过程,PAN.OF的皮芯结构直接影响着PAN.CF的力学性能。借助超薄切片机、电子显微镜、扫描电镜和材料试验机等表征测试手段,系统研究了PAN.OF的皮芯结构对PAN.CF力学性能的影响。研究认为:通过原丝的细旦化和预氧化过程条件的优化可以有效控制或消除PAN.OF的皮芯结构,得到抗拉强度5600MPa以上,弹性模量290GPa以上的碳纤维。     

共聚单体改性PAN原丝热性能研究

采用溴化1-烯丙基3-乙基咪唑(VIM-Br)与丙烯腈(AN)自由基溶液共聚,以偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂在二甲基亚砜中合成了聚丙烯腈(PAN)纺丝溶液,并用湿法纺丝纺制得了PAN原丝。运用差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、红外光谱(FT-IR),13 C固体核磁(13 C-NMR)研究了VIM-Br对PAN原丝预氧化热性能的影响。结果表明,在预氧化反应过程中,含有强极性Br原子的共聚单体VIM-Br能够催化环化反应,降低预氧化起始反应温度,缓和预氧化反应放热;和传统共聚单体衣康酸(IA)相比,VIM-Br的空间效应为氧气向PAN纤维内部扩散提供了分子级的通道,增加了进入纤维内部的氧气量,提高了预氧化反应程度。     

晶态结构对聚丙烯腈(PAN)原丝预氧化反应的影响EI北大核心CSCD

对不同晶态结构特点的聚丙烯腈(PAN)原丝进行预氧化处理,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱法表征PAN纤维的晶态结构(物理)和化学结构变化。结果表明,PAN原丝的晶态结构影响预氧化反应及反应程度,结晶度小的PAN原丝由于其有序性差,易于向预氧纤维芳构化结构转化,而结构疏松,有利于氧的扩散,促进环化反应和初期氧化反应,PAN纤维芳构化指数和相对环化率都较高,预氧化反应程度较高;原丝结晶度的差异对纤维晶粒尺寸的变化起决定性作用,结晶度大的PAN原丝到预氧化后期仍保持较大的晶粒尺寸。     

PAN基碳纤维原丝的高锰酸钾改性(英文)

本文使用质量浓度为5%的高锰酸钾溶液对PAN基碳纤维原丝进行不同时间的改性,并利用不同的测试手段对经过改性的原丝进行了表征。相比未经改性的原丝,改性原丝具有较低的拉伸强度,在相当于预氧化(稳定化)温度范围的条件下释放的热量较少。这些实验结果表明,高锰酸钾溶液可以将高锰酸根离子引入PAN原丝内部,使其与丙烯腈单元发生反应,从而有利于纤维的氧化的环化反应。此外,本文还讨论了改性时间对原丝性能的影响。     

晶态结构对聚丙烯腈(PAN)原丝预氧化反应的影响

对不同晶态结构特点的聚丙烯腈(PAN)原丝进行预氧化处理,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱法表征PAN纤维的晶态结构(物理)和化学结构变化。结果表明,PAN原丝的晶态结构影响预氧化反应及反应程度,结晶度小的PAN原丝由于其有序性差,易于向预氧纤维芳构化结构转化,而结构疏松,有利于氧的扩散,促进环化反应和初期氧化反应,PAN纤维芳构化指数和相对环化率都较高,预氧化反应程度较高;原丝结晶度的差异对纤维晶粒尺寸的变化起决定性作用,结晶度大的PAN原丝到预氧化后期仍保持较大的晶粒尺寸。     

碳纤维工艺技术研究及发展现状

根据基础原料不同,分别对聚丙烯腈(PAN)基碳纤维、沥青基碳纤维和粘胶基碳纤维的工艺技术特点进行了分析研究,重点对PAN基碳纤维原丝生产、预氧化、碳化和后处理过程进行了深入分析,探讨了共聚单体、纺丝工艺及杂质含量对PAN原丝性能的影响,以及原丝性能对PAN基碳纤维产品质量和生产成本的影响,并进一步阐述了PAN基碳纤维的国内外发展现状及研究方向。     

浅谈PAN纤维预氧化工艺及纤维性能改善方法

综述了影响聚丙烯腈(PAN)原丝预氧化工艺的关键因素以及近年来从PAN原丝预氧化前处理工艺、上油油剂、PAN原丝的改性等3个方面提高PAN基碳纤维性能的几种关键技术。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。