涤纶材料表面固定水蛭素及其血液相容性研究

利用紫外辐照仪在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(涤纶,PET)膜表面接枝聚丙烯酸(PET-AA)长链分子,再通过化学方法进一步固定水蛭素,获得的改性表面的X光电子能谱分析表明水蛭素分子被有效地固定在PET表面.改性表面的水接触角降低,亲水性得到改善.体外血小板粘附实验的结果显示,固定了水蛭素的PET薄膜的血液相容性比未改性的PET膜有明显的改善.     

L-精氨酸改性PVDF抗凝血膜的制备及血液相容性研究

采用碱处理方法,以丙烯酸(AA)为中介,将L-精氨酸(ARG)共价接枝在聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜表面,制备了PVDF-ARG膜。对改性前后的PVDF膜进行了X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)表征,分析了改性前后膜表面的化学组成和结构变化,发现膜表面ARG的含量随ARG投料浓度的增加而增加。利用血小板粘附、蛋白吸附、复钙时间、溶血率等实验研究了改性膜的血液相容性。结果显示,经L-精氨酸改性的PVDF膜可有效地抑制血小板粘附、蛋白吸附,可降低溶血程度,延长复钙时间,并随着膜表面ARG含量的增加,改性膜的血液相容性更好。     

聚酯薄膜表面接枝含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物及其细菌粘附行为研究

利用表面引发原子转移自由基聚合(SI-ATRP)在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)薄膜表面接枝甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯(HFBMA)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)共聚物。通过红外光谱仪(ATR-FT-IR),X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)以及扫描电镜(SEM),研究不同反应时间下接枝共聚物对PET薄膜表面组成、结构及性能的影响;利用接触角测试对比研究PET薄膜接枝改性前后的表面疏水性;采用平板菌落计数的方法研究薄膜改性前后的微生物粘附性。结果表明:随着反应时间延长,PET薄膜表面水接触角不断增大,当反应时间为12h时达99.5°,疏水性显著提高;PET薄膜表面对微生物的粘附量随着反应时间的延长而逐渐减少。     

聚丙烯微孔膜的表面改性和抗污染性

用化学方法在聚丙烯微孔膜表面上接枝丙烯酰胺。利用红外光谱,X射线光电子能谱,扫描电镜,原子力显微镜观察了膜表面形态和微观结构的变化,同时考察了膜的接触角和吸水能力,对BSA蛋白质的吸附量及水通量和抗污染能力。结果表明,随着接枝率的提高,接触角从95°减小到38°,吸水率也提高到163.9%。改性后,PP膜对BSA的吸附减少,膜的水通量减小,但同时膜的污染率下降,当接枝率为11.5%时,膜的污染率为0.274,比接枝前下降了55%。改性后PP微孔膜的亲水性和抗污染能力得到较大提高。     

等离子体聚合沉积聚烯丙胺薄膜改性聚酯及体外血小板粘附研究

采用脉冲和连续波方式沉积等离子体聚烯丙胺薄膜改性聚酯(PET)材料表面,并进一步在等离子体聚烯丙胺薄膜表面固定肝素分子.利用衰减全反射红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱和接触角测试等离子体聚烯丙胺薄膜的元素成分、组成和表面能,采用对三氟甲基苯甲醛衍生法和甲苯胺蓝法分别检测了等离子体聚烯丙胺薄膜表面的伯胺基浓度和固定肝素分子的聚烯丙胺薄膜表面的肝素浓度.实验结果表明,脉冲等离子体聚合薄膜PPAa-P表面的伯胺基浓度为1.4%,而连续波等离子体聚合薄膜PPAa-C表面伯胺基浓度只有0.71%.等离子体聚烯丙胺薄膜改性的PET的表面能增加,其中PPAa-P改性的PET表面的表面能的极性分量增加较大.脉冲等离子体聚烯丙胺薄膜表面固定的肝素浓度为4.07μg/cm2,为连续波等离子体聚烯丙胺薄膜表面固定肝素浓度2.23μg/cm2的1.8倍.体外血小板粘附实验结果表明,表面肝素化的PET表面有较低数量的血小板粘附和激活,尤其是在固定肝素分子的脉冲等离子体聚烯丙胺薄膜改性的PET表面表现出更好的抗凝血性.     

聚偏氟乙烯膜亲水化改性及在酪蛋白分离中的应用

采用化学改性的方法,在KOH/KMnO4体系中对聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜表面进行化学处理,引入羟基等活性基团,并利用甘油水溶液增加膜表面的化学稳定性。分别改变试剂浓度、温度、反应时间等参数,确定最佳反应条件。实验结果表明,改性后的聚偏氟乙烯膜表面接触角减小,亲水性增强。将改性前后的膜分别应用于酪蛋白的分离实验,测定膜通量的衰减,发现改性后的PVDF膜表面的抗蛋白吸附能力有很大程度的提高。     

聚偏氟乙烯膜表面丙烯酸接枝改性研究

采用自由基接枝聚合反应制备了丙烯酸改性的聚偏氟乙烯膜,研究了单体浓度对接枝率的影响,测定了改性后样品的红外光谱、表面接触角、水通量、蛋白吸附等.结果表明,通过自由基接枝聚合,丙烯酸接枝到膜的表面,明显提高膜的亲水性.接枝后膜的水通量也非常明显下降,特别是在高丙烯酸浓度下.改性的膜的通量对溶液的pH值有明确的响应关系,表明接枝链在水中的溶胀对膜的性能有显著的影响.蛋白吸附实验表明,改性后的膜相比未改性膜有较高的吸附量,而且在酸性情况下,膜的吸附量较大,这主要与丙烯酸和蛋白质之间的相互作用有关.     

聚已内酯表面磷酸胆碱仿生改性的血液相容性研究

通过表面原子转移自由基聚合法(SI-ATRP)得到具有不同接枝密度的聚2-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基磷酰胆碱改性的聚己内酯薄片(PCL-g-PMPC)。用衰减全反射红外、扫描电镜及接触角直接或间接地证明表面接枝反应成功;并通过蛋白吸附、血小板粘附及凝血时间对其血液相容性进行了评价。结果表明,利用SI-ATRP法在PCL表面接枝一层具有仿细胞外层膜结构的PMPC能不同程度地提高PCL薄片的血液相容性。     

静电纺丝法制备超疏水氟硅改性纳米SiO_2/PET共混膜

利用1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟辛基三氯硅烷对SiO_2纳米粒子进行表面改性,制备得到氟硅改性SiO_2纳米粒子(M-SiO_2),并将其与聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)共混后溶于六氟异丙醇(HFIP)溶剂中进行静电纺丝。采用接触角测量仪、扫描电镜和X射线光电子能谱研究了M-SiO_2/PET电纺膜的疏水性能、表面形貌以及化学组成。结果表明,静电纺丝法制备的M-SiO_2/PET共混电纺膜对水的接触角可高达155.2°,并且对水的滞后角仅为3.4°,即具有超疏水性能。     

复用血液透析器（人工肾）膜表面粘附蛋白的实验研究

以Fresenius F6聚砜膜复用透析器为研究对象,对其膜表面粘附的蛋白进行定量分析研究.用4种不同的化学清洗剂及超声波的方法,对膜表面粘附的蛋白进行清洗,以获得最佳清洗方法;对透析器不同部位膜上的蛋白进行测定,获得不同部位膜上蛋白含量的差异性;用双向电泳的方法检测膜上粘附的蛋白含量及其性质,获得不同种类蛋白与聚砜膜结合的特异性关系.结果显示:使用5次后每克纤维膜表面粘附的蛋白量至少为0.1 mg,且在透析器各部位分布不同;超声波是一种用来清洗膜上残留物质的有效方法;膜表面粘附的蛋白主要是中性或偏酸性的蛋白,中、大分子量的蛋白容易造成膜孔堵塞且不易去除,而小分子量的蛋白较易去除.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.