C/C复合材料销钉准静态和动态剪切性能

根据复合材料销钉剪切试验的需要,设计剪切试验装置。利用电子万能试验机和落槌冲击试验系统完成C/C复合材料销钉在准静态和动态加载工况下的面内剪切力学性能试验,并通过SEM试验系统分析其剪切失效模式和失效机制。结果表明:C/C复合材料销钉抗剪切强度具有明显的应变率效应,随着加载速率的增加,其抗剪切强度显著提高;C/C复合材料在不同加载速率下失效模式不同,准静态加载工况下纤维与基体严重剥离,纤维束丧失整体承载能力,其破坏过程表现出“伪塑性”失效特征;动态加载工况下纤维与基体未发生明显剥离,纤维束整体承载,其破坏过程表现为“脆性”失效特征。C/C复合材料在不同加载速率下剪切失效模式的不同可归结为内部缺陷扩展的应变率效应。      

动态载荷下C/C复合材料的压缩破坏行为

利用电子万能试验机以及Split Hopkinson Compressive Bar(SHPB)测试了2DC/C复合材料在准静态、动态载荷下的压缩性能,结合光学显微镜分析了其在不同应变率下的破坏形貌、讨论了应变率对压缩破坏形貌的影响。结果表明:与准静态(10-4/s)相比,动态载荷下(5×102/s)复合材料的压缩强度提高了55%,压缩刚度提高了66%,具有较强的应变率效应;在准静态载荷下,C/C复合材料沿40°角剪切破坏,断口上炭纤维破坏具有溃散及剪切破坏特征,而在动态载荷下,C/C复合材料破坏成大小不一的碎片,其炭纤维破坏具有劈裂特征。C/C复合材料破坏模式的不同可归结为基体及界面强度的应变率效应。     

平面编织复合材料层压板低速冲击后的压缩失效

采用超声C扫描检测、断口分析、有限元分析等方法研究低速冲击损伤对G803/5224与G827/5224两种平面编织复合材料层压板失效行为的影响。结果表明,低速冲击后压缩载荷作用下,G803/5224层压板最终为剪切分层失效,G827/5224层压板最终为剪切屈曲失效,两种层压板低速冲击后压缩的失效模式与未受损伤层压板基本相同。建立了平面编织复合材料层压板的损伤扩展与失效模型,该模型的计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,可用于平面编织复合材料层压板的失效仿真。     

炭/炭复合材料磷酸盐涂层的抗氧化性能研究

为防止飞机刹车副用炭/炭(C/C)复合材料在刹车过程中氧化失效,研究了以磷酸、氧化硅和磷酸盐等为原料所制备的磷酸盐涂层的抗氧化性能,结果表明:涂覆有涂层的C/C复合材料在700 ℃氧化66 h后,其氧化失重率仅为1.11%;涂层试样在1 200 ℃氧化5 min后,失重率不超过0.8%;经900 ℃、3 min←→室温、2 min 100次热震后,涂层试件失重率为1.6%.涂层与基体结合牢固,一直保持完好,没有剥落,说明该涂料具有耐高温、热稳定性好等优点,适合作为C/C复合材料表面防氧化涂层.     

冲击损伤对C/C复合材料烧蚀性能的影响

利用Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar(SHPB)装置, 对炭化铪含量为2wt％的C/C复合材料进行了载荷峰值为137MPa的动态冲击损伤, 采用氧乙炔烧蚀装置研究了冲击损伤对C/C复合材料烧蚀性能的影响, 并结合扫描电镜讨论了冲击损伤对样品烧蚀机理的影响. 研究结果表明: 与未受冲击的C/C复合材料相比, 冲击损伤后, 复合材料的质量烧蚀率增加了40％, 线烧蚀率增加了118％.     

准三维炭／炭复合材料力学性能分析

以针刺网胎无纬布交替叠层准三维结构为预制体,采用热梯度化学气相沉积（TCVI）和树脂压力浸渍-炭化（PIC）混合致密方法得到不同密度的炭／炭复合材料,研究了密度和热处理温度对炭／炭复合材料弯曲和压缩性能的影响,并对其机理进行了探讨。结果表明：增大材料的密度可以提高材料的弯曲和压缩性能,破坏机理发生改变,密度较低时,弯曲破坏方式为“假塑性”的分层破坏模式,压缩破坏为压溃式破坏;高密度的试样,弯曲破坏为拉应力或压应力破坏模式,压缩破坏为剪切和分层破坏模式,表现出一定的脆性;热处理温度升高,降低了材料的弯曲和压缩强度或模量,但明显改变了材料的破坏模式,增多了裂纹扩展或偏转的途径,表现出更好的“假塑性”;由分析得出,准三维炭／炭复合材料承压时,针刺处是力学薄弱点,易产生分层。     

C/C复合材料压缩破坏的应变率效应研究

研究了碳布叠层/碳复合材料在四种不同应变率下的压缩性能, 对其在准静态、动态载荷下的压缩破坏机理进行了初步的探讨. 研究结果表明: C/C复合材料的压缩破坏强度具有较强的应变率效应, 与准静态(10^-4/s)相比, 复合材料的动态(1.5×10²/s)压缩强度可提高70%左右; 复合材料在准静态、动态载荷下力学性能的差异可归结为纤维与基体界面特性的应变率效应以及不同应变率下破坏模式的不同.     

单螺栓修复对含冲击损伤碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料层合板压缩承载能力的影响

开展了单钉修复对含冲击损伤碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料层合板压缩承载能力影响的试验研究。测试了三种不同能量冲击后碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料层合板的压缩承载能力及失效模式,测定了单螺栓对碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料层合板压缩承载能力的修复效率,并借助数字图像相关技术(DIC)表征手段揭示了单螺栓修复对含冲击损伤结构失效行为的影响。结果表明:冲击后碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料层合板的压缩承载能力随着冲击能量的增加而降低,冲击损伤破坏了碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料层合板结构的对称性,并导致结构在加载初期呈非对称的局部屈曲变形特征,局部屈曲诱发并加剧分层损伤扩展;单螺栓修复能有效恢复结构的整体对称性,在一定程度上抑制含冲击损伤碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料层合板的局部屈曲,达到可观的修复效率。该研究为复合材料紧固件修理方案的制订及修理损伤容限的定义提供一定的指导意义。      

二维C/SiC复合材料在冲击拉伸下的损伤过程

利用分离式霍普金森拉杆实验装置(SHTB)和超高速照相机,对二维C/SiC复合材料进行了冲击拉伸力学性能实验研究,同时结合其宏观力学行为,分析了在冲击拉伸载荷作用下的损伤破坏过程。结果表明:材料的应力-应变曲线呈明显的非线性特征,其内部损伤破坏和裂纹扩展过程分为四个阶段:损伤积累于第一阶段,裂纹起源于第二阶段,屈服失效于第三个阶段,快速扩展于第四个阶段。     

热处理对炭/炭-铜复合材料载流磨损行为的影响

为探明炭/炭(C/C)多孔体热处理对炭/炭-铜(C/C-Cu)复合材料载流磨损行为的影响,采用化学气相渗透法(CVI)增密的C/C多孔体,再通过压力熔渗法制备C/C-Cu复合材料.采用载流动态磨损试验机测试C/C-Cu复合材料载流磨损行为,利用数字式三维视频显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察复合材料磨损前后的表面形貌,研究了C/C多孔体经过2 000℃热处理对C/C-Cu复合材料载流磨损行为的影响.结果表明:C/C-Cu复合材料的质量磨损率和线磨损率比C/C多孔体未经热处理的复合材料分别降低了34.42%和17.84%;C/C多孔体经过2 000℃热处理,石墨化度提高,片层劈裂阻力减小,在载荷的作用下石墨片层易于劈裂形成细小的石墨微晶碎片,迅速填充修复表面缺陷,形成具有一定润滑作用、平整的摩擦膜,有效抑制了局部非均匀磨损的扩大,减弱了磨粒磨损和电弧放电引起的烧蚀、粘着、氧化磨损之间的循环交替磨损,载流磨损性能提高.     

Microstructures and mechanical behaviors of CVI-based C/C composites containing h-BN powdered additives

Hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN) powders were introduced into carbon fiber preform by powder addition and subsequent combined with chemical vapor infiltration(CVI) for densification to prepare carbon fiber reinforced/carbon and boron nitride dual matrix composites(C/C-BN). Microstructures and mechanical properties of C/C composites with three different volume contents of h-BN powders were investigated in comparison to pure C/C composites. Results indicated that the introduction of h-BN powders into C/C composites significantly reduced the size of Py C and the anisotropy of thermal contraction in matrix,leading to a gradual disappearance of ring defects as the h-BN content increased. In addition, an enhanced interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix obtained due to higher-textured Py C and rougher fiber surface. Thereby, the flexural strengths and modulus of as-prepared composites decreased firstly and then increased, while the impact toughness presented a decreasing tendency as the content of BN powders increased. Furthermore, with the increasing of h-BN content, anisotropies of compressive properties were weakened, and the compressive strength of C/C-BN composites were always higher than that of pure C/C composit. However, when C/C composites modified by 13.5 vol% content of h-BN, excessive loose BN aggregates appeared in C/C-BN composites, leading to a relatively slight reduction of compressive strength.     

W-Mo-Si/SiC Oxidation Protective Coating for Carbon/Carbon Composites

A W-Mo-Si/SiC double-layer oxidation protective coating for carbon/carbon （C/C） composites was prepared by a two-step pack cementation technique. XRD （X-ray diffraction） and SEM （scanning electron microscopy）results show that the coating obtained by the first step pack cementation was a thin inner buffer layer of SiC with some cracks and pores, and a new phase of （WxMo1-x）Si2 appeared after the second step pack cementation. Oxidation test shows that, after oxidation in air at 1773 K for 175 h and thermal cycling between 1773 K and room temperature for 18 times, the weight loss of the W-Mo-Si/SiC coated C/C composites was only 2.06%. The oxidation protective failure of the W-Mo-Si/SiC coating was attributed to the formation of some penetrable cracks in the coating.     

医用C/C复合材料组织结构与应变率效应

采用X射线衍射仪和原子荧光分析仪对石墨化处理前后准三维C/C复合材料的石墨化程度及其所含的汞、砷、铅和镉元素含量进行了分析。在氩气保护条件下经过2400℃ 2 h石墨化处理的C/C复合材料所含以上元素含量较低, 更适宜作为外科植入材料使用。利用电子力学试验机在不同准静态应变率和加载方向条件下,对石墨化处理后C/C复合材料进行了压缩断裂试验研究,采用光学体视显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对该材料的断口形貌进行观察分析。结果表明,C/C复合材料具有压缩应变率效应,增强纤维阻止裂纹扩展和增韧效果明显。材料的抗压强度(28.30 MPa～83.25 MPa)和弹性模量(257.56 MPa～397.06 MPa)可以满足其作为骨修复材料的使用要求。      

纳米碳管增强炭/炭复合材料的研究进展

纳米碳管(CNTs)具有独特的结构、优异的力学性能、热稳定性与传导性能,是炭/炭(C/C)复合材料理想的增强体.综述了纳米碳管增强炭/炭(CNTs/C/C)复合材料的制备方法,讨论了该复合材料的微观结构、摩擦学性能和传导性能,并展望了CNTs/C/C复合材料的潜在应用和发展趋势.     

Compressive and flexural behavior of carbon fiber-reinforced PPS composites at elevated temperature

ABSTRACT

The effect of temperature on the mechanical behavior of carbon fiber reinforced polyphenylenesulfide (PPS) composites was investigated by compressive and flexural tests from ambient temperature up to 150°C. The failure morphologies of the C/PPS composites were analyzed to identify the variation of failure modes. Related results showed that the mechanical behavior of C/PPS composites decreased severely with the increase of temperature due to the softening of matrix. The PPS resin film tensile test was carried out and the PPS matrix behavior was recognized as the main factor to dominate the mechanical behavior of composites under compressive/flexural loading at elevated temperatures. It can be found that there was an approximate linear relationship between the compression properties of C/PPS composites and the PPS matrix. The dependence of failure modes of composites on temperatures was closely related to the mechanical behavior of PPS matrix.     

Compressive fracture behavior of 3D needle-punched carbon/carbon composites

Compressive fracture behavior under transverse and longitudinal compressive loading are determined for 3D needle-punched carbon/carbon (C/C) composites with single rough laminar (RL) pyrocarbon matrix or dual matrix of RL pyrocarbon and resin carbon. The results of Weibull statistics analysis indicate that scale parameter σ₀ of transverse and longitudinal compression of the composites with single matrix are 153.41 and 94.26 MPa, and σ₀ of the composites with dual matrix are 205.16 and 105.33 MPa, respectively. The mean compressive strength of both composites is nearly equal to σ₀ under each experimental condition. Failure modes of both composites under transverse and longitudinal compressive loading are shear and extension, respectively. Both composites exhibit quasi-ductile fracture behavior under transverse compression. Many small fragments of fibers and matrix carbon on the fracture surface of the composites are observed for single matrix composites. And the fiber bundle breakage with extensive debonding occurs for dual matrix composites. Under longitudinal loading, the composites with single matrix show quasi-ductile fracture behavior and delamination and splitting of non-woven long carbon fiber cloth layers are observed. The composites with dual matrix exhibit catastrophic failure behavior and crack runs through the composites along compressive loading direction.     

碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料高速冲击性能

采用树脂传递模塑(RTM)工艺制备碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料,通过空气炮冲击实验研究树脂韧性和碳纤维类型对复合材料抗高速冲击性能的影响,并对高速冲击后的试样进行压缩性能测试,研究高速冲击损伤对复合材料剩余压缩性能的影响。结果表明:树脂的韧性可以降低复合材料遭受高速冲击时的内部损伤程度,大幅提高复合材料的抗高速冲击性能和冲击后剩余压缩性能;T700S碳纤维增强复合材料抗高速冲击性能优于T800H碳纤维增强复合材料;复合材料的破坏模式与冲击速率有关,冲击速率较低时,复合材料弹击面出现圆形凹坑,背弹面出现鼓包;冲击速率较高时,复合材料弹击面出现圆形通孔,背弹面出现沿纤维方向撕裂断口。     

孔隙演化与C/C复合材料的疲劳行为

孔隙是C/C复合材料结构中重要的组成部分,它直接影响着材料的疲劳行为,因此,在研究C/C复合材料的疲劳行为时,考察基体以及界面中孔隙的变化具有重要的意义.综述了C/C复合材料原始孔隙结构的特点,分析了在疲劳加载过程中碳/碳复合材料孔隙结构的演化规律,强调了孔隙结构变化对碳/碳复合材料疲劳强化所作出的积极贡献,进而为其疲劳机理的研究提供依据.