Fe-Si-Ge基合金的电学特性

含Ge的P型FeSi2基热电材料的电阻率有较大的下降，但仍保持较高的热电动势率．其功率因子有很大的提高。但对于N型FeSi2基热电材料．Ge的引入使样品向P型转变．并引起电学性能变差。可见，Ge的引入可提高P型FeSi2基热电材料的电学性能．Fe0.91Cr0.09Si1.6Ge0.4的功率因子达到β-FeSi2的10倍左右。     

La2Ni1-xFexO4＋δ复合氧化物的合成及表征

以EDTA为配位体,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了La2Ni1-xFexO4＋δ系复合氧化物,XRD结果表明,所有样品都具有K2NiF4型结构。通过碘量法测定结果表明Ni／Fe的平均化合价和样品的非化学计量氧含量,均随x的增加而增大;当x=0．2时,非化学计量氧含量最高为0．2462。通过FT—IR发现Fe的引入导致Ni-O键的振动加强,这有利于间隙氧离子的活动。交流阻抗法测定样品的离子电导率随x的增加而逐渐增大,同一样品离子电导率在低温段随温度的升高而增大,表现出小极化子占主要的电导作用。     

Ba2Fe1+xMo1-xO6双钙钛矿的制备与磁卡效应

采用湿化学法制备了一系列Ba2Fe1+xMo1-xO6双钙钛矿材料,研究了Fe/Mo原子比对其磁性能尤其是磁卡效应的影响.实验结果表明,随着x增加,样品的磁化强度由x=0时的37.3A·m2/kg(3.49μB/f.u.)下降到x=0.3时30.4A·m2/kg(2.78μB/f.u.);当x=0时,样品的最大磁熵变值为1.54J/kg·K.随着x增加,样品的最大磁熵变值逐渐下降,磁熵变随温度变化曲线的峰形变宽.     

Yb掺杂Ⅷ型Yb_xBa_(8-x)Ga_(16)Sn_(30)笼合物的制备及热电性能

本研究采用Sn熔剂法成功制备出Yb掺杂Ⅷ型笼合物Yb_xBa_(8-x)Ga_(16)Sn_(30)(0≤x≤2)热电材料,通过测试其电导率、Seebeck系数和Hall系数等分析材料的电性能,并估算其ZT值。结果表明:掺入Yb后材料的晶格常数随Yb含量的增加而减小。x=1.5样品的电导率在整个测试温度范围内均比其余样品高相比x=0的样品,其电导率提高了约60%,这是由于在载流子迁移率相当的情况下该样品拥有较高的载流子浓度。此外在300～583 K范围内,样品的电导率随温度的升高而降低表现出重掺杂半导体特性;而在583 K以后,电导率随温度的升高而增大,表现出半导体特性。在测试温度范围内(300～600 K),所有样品的Seebeck系数绝对值均随温度的升高先增大后降低。在所有样品中,x=1.5的样品具有最高的电导率,其在489 K时获得最大功率因子为2.43×10~(-3) W/(m·K~2)在此温度下其ZT值为1.35。     

(1-x)CaTiO_3/xNi_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Fe_2O_4复合材料的制备及其性能

采用固相反应法合成了(1-x)CaTiO3/xNi0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4(0≤x≤1.0)复合材料,并研究了复合材料的物相、微观结构、介电性能和磁性能。结果表明:样品中仅含有钙钛矿型CaTiO3和尖晶石型Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4。1260℃保温3h,样品相对密度达到98.91%,颗粒尺寸约为2μm。样品介电常数随Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4含量(x)增加而增大。当x=0.7、测试频率为103 Hz时,样品介电常数(εr)和介电损耗(tanδ)分别为2629.18和1.74。(1-x)CaTiO3/xNi0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4复合材料显示磁性。其中x=0.7时,样品饱和磁化强度(Ms)达到49.07A·m2/kg;这归因于Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4具有优异的磁性能。     

快速凝固法制备（Ge1-ySnyTe）x（AgSbTe2）100-x化合物热电材料的电学性能

利用快速凝固方法制备了（GeTe）x（AgSbTe2）100-x（x=80，85，90）和（Ge1-ySnyTe）85（AgSbTe2）15（y=0.05，0．1，0．2，0．4）系列TAGS热电化合物。所得材料晶体结构属于菱形晶系，晶格常数随X的增加而减小，随Y的增加而增加。（GeTe）85（AgSbTe2）15样品有很好的电学性能，637K时功率因子可达3.40×10^-3W／m．K^2，在中温区（370-670K）功率因子最低值＞2．6×10^-3w／m．K^2。掺杂Sn提高了TAGS-85的电导率，但是Seebeck系数大幅下降导致了样品电功率因子下降。     

(Mg2Si1-xSbx)0.4-（Mg2Sn）0.6固溶体合金的制备及热电输运特性

以Mg、Si、Sn、Sb块体为原料,采用熔炼结合放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术制备了n型(Mg2Si1-xSbx)0.4-(Mg2Sn)0.6(0≤x≤0.0625)系列固溶体合金.结构及热电输运特性分析结果表明:当Mg原料过量8wt%时,可以弥补熔炼过程中Mg的挥发损失,形成单相(Mg2Si1-xSbx)0.4-(Mg2Sn)0.6固溶体.烧结样品的晶胞随Sb掺杂量的增加而增大;电阻率随Sb掺杂量的增加先减小后增大,当样品中Sb掺杂量x≤0.025时,样品电阻率呈现出半导体输运特性,Sb掺杂量x>0.025时,样品电阻率呈现为金属输运特性.Seebeck系数的绝对值随Sb掺杂量的增加先减小后增大;热导率κ在Sb掺杂量x≤0.025时比未掺杂Sb样品的热导率低,在Sb掺杂量x>0.025时高于未掺杂样品的热导率,但所有样品的晶格热导率明显低于未掺杂样品的晶格热导率.实验结果表明Sb的掺杂有利于降低晶格热导率和电阻率,提高中温区Seebeck系数绝对值;其中(Mg2Si0.95Sb0.05)0.4-(Mg2Sn)0.6合金具有最大ZT值,并在723 K附近取得最大值约为1.22.     

Co2+对CoxFe3-xO4铁氧体结构与磁特性的影响

采用化学共沉法制备了纳米尺度的钴铁氧体CoxFe3-xO4（x=0．2～1．0）粉料,并在1260—1340℃温度下进行了退火处理,利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、振动样品磁强计（VSM）对样品的结构和磁性进行了测量和分析。实验结果表明,当钴含量高（x≥0．7）时样品形成了单一的具有尖晶石结构的钴铁氧体,而钴含量x〈0．7时样品生成了尖晶石结构的钴铁氧体相和仪α-Fe2O3相CoxFe3-xO4的比饱和磁化强度σs随x的增加呈现出了先增后减的趋势,在x=0．8时出现峰值;x=0．5～0．8范围内,矫顽力日。随钴含量的增加有所下降,随后迅速增加,在x=1．0附近能同时得到较大的σs和Hc值。     

β-FeSi2和β-Fe(C,Si)2薄膜的电子显微及X射线衍射研究

本文利用X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜对离子注入合成的 β FeSi2 和 β Fe(C ,Si) 2 薄膜进行了研究。对掺杂C前后样品的对比研究表明 ,选择C作为掺杂元素 ,能够得到界面平直、厚度均一的高质量 β相薄膜 ,晶粒得到细化 ,β FeSi2 层稳定性提高 ,因此从微结构角度考虑 ,引入C离子对于提高 β FeSi2 薄膜的质量是很有益处的。进一步进行光学吸收表征 ,发现C离子的引入对 β层的Edg 值没有产生明显影响。所以综合来说C离子的引入有利于得到高质量的 β FeSi2 薄膜。用掠入射X射线衍射和Celref程序精确地测量薄膜的晶格常数 ,当C/Fe的剂量比为 0 5 %时 ,尽管C的原子半径比Si的小 ,β相晶格却膨胀了 ,这可能是由于间隙固溶的原因。进一步增加掺杂量到一定的程度时 ,单胞体积会缩小 ,这是由于形成了置换固溶体 ,碳置换了 β单胞中的部分硅     

复相铁氧体材料的的放电等离子体烧结合成

采用化学共沉淀法制备了名义组成为xFe+BaFe12O19(0≤x≤1,△x=0.2)的共沉淀前驱体,研究了该前驱体在放电等离子体烧结条件下形成复相铁氧体材料的结晶行为和烧结体的磁性能.结果表明,所有烧结体中均没有Fe2O3中间相形成,x=0时烧结体为单相M型钡铁氧体(BaM),0相似文献   

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.