通用设计理念在包装中的应用

包装是每个人日常生活中所必然接触的，因此包装设计除了考虑正常使用状况的便利和舒适外，还需要考虑更广泛人群如病人、孩子、青年人、老年人、伤残人等群的生理特点。在此着重介绍了通用设计理念及原则以及如何在包装设计中应用。     

浅谈动态空调热湿环境与节能

本文讨论当前空调技术发展中存在的两种不同趋向:一是追求实现舒适、洁净、无任何刺激的稳态人工环境;二是主张热湿环境的适当动态化.针对此类问题进行了分析比较,作者认为一种固定的热湿环境既不利于人体的健康,同时也造成不必要的能源消耗.本文着重对动态热湿环境及节能问题进行讨论.     

个人空间理论及其在电梯轿厢设计中的运用

目的个人空间是指人们周围不容许他人侵犯的领域,是一个普遍存在但又经常被忽视的问题,人需要彼此亲近以获得温暖和友谊,但又要保持一定的距离以获得私密性,而个人空间正是用来获取私密性的手段。在设计中研究个人空间问题有重要意义,可以将其理论运用到实际设计中,使设计更加人性化。方法论述了个人空间的含义、由来、特性及其理论在设计中的运用,以电梯轿厢空间设计为例,探讨了个人空间理论在具体设计中的运用。在电梯内避免个人空间受到挤压、侵犯,延伸轿厢内部虚空间、改变内部设施设计和改变计量限载人数等方式是可行的解决方法。结论个人空间是一种客观存在,它具有能动性、不均衡性和人际性等特性,对设计有着显著影响,我们在公共设施、空间设计等领域需要重视个人空间理论的运用,深入地认识、理解并利用个人空间及其特性来进行设计,从而使所设计的产品或设施更好地满足使用者的需要。     

Success and failures in urban transport planning in Europe—understanding the transport system

Technological determinism has become a kind of religion for many people since it appears to offer solutions for societal problems as never before in history. Transport is one of the fascinating technology branches developed during the last 200 years. Effortless movement over long distances has become possible for car users as long as cheap fossil energy is available. However, the effect of fast transport on urban structures and society was not taken into account when developing these technical means. Technologists and economists have used indicators for expected benefits of these fast transport modes without taking into account the real system effects on society and urban structures. Plausible assumptions and hopes instead of scientific understanding of the complex system are used in practice. In contradiction to widely held beliefs of transportation planners, there is actually no growth of mobility if counted in number of trips per person per day, no time saving by increasing speed in the system, and no real freedom of modal choice. Modal choice is dependent on physical and other structures, the artificial environment built by urban planners, transport experts and political decisions. The core hypothesis of traditional urban and transport planning ‘growth of mobility’, ‘travel time saving by increasing speed’ and ‘freedom of modal choice’ are myths and do not exist in the real urban and transport system. This is the reason why urban planning and transport planning based on traditional non-scientific assumptions is creating continuously not only more transport problems, but also environmental and social as well as economic problems all over the world, where these principals are applied. Urban transport planning in Europe, understanding the transport system and the solutions are presented in this paper.     

基于仿生设计的城市老年电动代步车造型设计

目的针对老龄化社会的来临与老年人口的增加以及目前城市老年电动代步车单一、无特色与残疾车无区别的现象,为城市老年电动代步车进行仿生造型设计。方法借助仿生设计技术并结合老年心理生理等特征,将仿生设计用于老年电动代步车的造型设计中,探讨仿生设计在城市老年电动代步车形态、色彩、功能、结构、肌理质感与美感等方面造型设计中的应用,并阐明其设计原则。在此基础上,提出了基于仿生设计的城市老年电动代步车设计流程。结论希望通过对老年电动代步车造型设计的改革,能提高老年人的生活品质,给予老年人更多的人文关怀。     

Understanding the attitude and intention to use smartphone chatbots for shopping

Using the technology acceptance model and diffusion of innovations theory, this study evaluated the intention of consumers to use chatbots on smartphones for shopping. Chatbot is a relatively new technology and is expected to dominate mobile commerce and shopping applications in future. Hence, this study aimed to determine the association of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment, price consciousness, perceived risk, trust, and personal innovativeness with attitude and intention to use chatbots for shopping. Respondents were asked to fill a questionnaire after using a Facebook e-commerce chatbot that was specifically created for this study. In total, 350 responses were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Results indicated that attitude toward chatbots was considerably influenced by the variables perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment, price consciousness, perceived risk, and personal innovativeness. However, intention to use was directly influenced only by trust, personal innovativeness, and attitude. Mediation analysis indicated that full mediation occurs through the attitude variable for most direct relationships. Moderation analysis by using age, gender, and prior experience with mobile shopping applications indicated considerable differences between the groups in terms of the strength of certain relationships and the mean responses between the variables.     

剪纸元素融入家具设计的创意及应用

目的通过将剪纸元素融入家具设计,让家具设计的内涵有更大的空间和自由度,更美观和具有更强烈的视觉感应及文化属性。方法为家具设计造型融入剪纸艺术元素,让剪纸图形形式成为家具的主要元素。力求使家具同其他环境元素共同形成一种样式、氛围和品质来共同构成设计的意境。结论用剪纸的方法设计出的家具,其视觉符号、元素带给人美的感受,不仅体现了一种文化精神,而且包括了各种形式美要素及舒适度等相关的使用体验,从而确立了空间环境的格局和品质。在新技术新材料的发展下,在人们习惯的语境下找寻新的切入点,选用新型家具材料,让剪纸艺术和家具设计相结合,既能满足剪纸艺术、传统家具设计的传承和延续,同时还能感受到新手法、新技术及理念的创新,不断探索家具设计的创新和发展。     

赣南客家围屋祠堂的装饰艺术观探析——以关西镇徐氏宗祠为例

运用实地调研和文献分析的方法将赣南客家传统民居宗祠的装饰置于特殊的历史语境,剖析赣南客家传统民居宗祠的装饰艺术观念。文章以龙南县关西镇徐氏祖祠为例,通过分析徐氏宗祠的结构性装饰和依附性装饰主要审美意象、风格特征,探讨客家人的宗族观念、血缘文化和生活实践诸多因素对客家宗祠装饰艺术观的影响,认为客家人将自己民系的文化观、思想观以符合自身审美的心理尺度投射于祠堂装饰艺术之上,对于现代艺术设计实践具有积极的借鉴意义。     

Influence of cognitive and social change factors on E-vehicle switching intention: Evidence from Korea

E-vehicles have the potential to supplant the existing internal-combustion-engine-based transportation ecosystem and be a transformational technology with a huge impact on social change. The recognition of this capacity appears to be a major factor for people who consider switching to e-vehicles; however, the process of social diffusion by which this awareness spreads and the relevant critical mass points remain unclear. Moreover, studies have demonstrated only the effects of e-vehicle acceptance intention, purchase behavior, and customer perception on determining personal subjective norms; there is a lack of systematic research clarifying the effects of other factors. This study investigates the roles of crucial social factors and personal cognitive/psychological factors by drawing on social cognitive theory and commitment to change theory. We collected data from 247 internal combustion engine vehicle owners in Korea. The results supported seven of our hypotheses. Our findings explicate the factors that have a strong, significant influence on personal e-vehicle switching intention, particularly customer factors, and our approach is potentially generalizable to other transformational technologies.     

Intrinsic Negative Magnetoresistance in Van Der Waals FeNbTe2 Single Crystals

Magnetoresistance, the dependence of resistivity on the applied magnetic field, provides the opportunity to manipulate and utilize the electronic spin degree of freedom, which is not only a long‐term frontier field of solid‐state physics but also the cornerstone of information storage technology. However, the negative magnetoresistance (nMR) is a relatively rare case of magnetoresistance in which the microscopic origin is still elusive and for which it is difficult to define a general interpretation. Herein, an experimental case of an intrinsic unsaturated nMR is demonstrated in van der Waals FeNbTe₂ single crystal. The clear‐cut evidence in angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), the electronic transport measurement, and DC/AC magnetic susceptibility confirms that the intrinsic unsaturated nMR is derived from the comprehensive effect of Anderson localization and a spin glass state. Taking into consideration that intrinsic unsaturated nMR has so far been rarely reported, especially in van der Waals structures, it is anticipated that this work will not only lead to a deep understanding of the inherent microcosmic mechanism but will also serve as a guide to broaden the research of spintronics and information storage based on magnetoresistance.     

个人空间对公交站台座椅设计的影响研究

目的从新的视角去研究公交站台座椅使用率较低的问题。方法通过公交站台座椅使用环境和使用人群心理的调研和分析,从不同角度阐述了个人空间对公交站台座椅设计的影响。公交站台座椅的使用者地处开放空间中,个体之间存在着心理上的安全距离,他们不愿意与陌生人紧密地坐在一起,因此座椅的设计必须考虑心理修正量带来的影响。结论公交站台座椅不仅要满足使用者生理尺寸需求,还要考虑到个体心理所导致的空间距离因素。     

Service transformation under industry 4.0: Investigating acceptance of facial recognition payment through an extended technology acceptance model

Technological development has drastically changed customers' daily lives by offering them new ways to shop. It also creates more opportunities for business to achieve sustainable success; however, both scholars and managers are still having relative difficulty in fully grasping customer behavior in terms of technology acceptance during the Industry 4.0. This study aims to investigate the possible factors that drive Chinese customers' willingness to utilize facial recognition payment. The findings showed that factors such as perceived enjoyment, facilitating conditions, personal innovativeness, coupon availability, perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usefulness (PU), and users' attitude are main drivers of customers' decisions to use facial recognition payment. Also, we found that gender differences exist in the adoption of facial recognition payment. Facilitating conditions have stronger effects on men's attitude towards usage, while coupon availability shapes female users' perception of usefulness more powerfully. By testing the extended technology acceptance model (TAM), this study seeks to gain more insight into technological change within society. Overall, investigation of the drivers of customer intention to use facial recognition payment, and exploration of their internal relationships will fulfil theoretical requirements and lead to a better understanding of customers' technology acceptance behavior, which in turn will provide greater theoretical and practical guidance for scholars and managers.     

A grid-enabled lightweight computational steering client: a .NET PDA implementation

The grid has been developed to support large-scale computer simulations in a diverse range of scientific and engineering fields. Consequently, the increasing availability of powerful distributed computing resources is changing how scientists undertake large-scale modelling/simulation. Instead of being limited to local computing resources, scientists are now able to make use of supercomputing facilities around the world. These grid resources comprise specialized distributed three-dimensional visualization environments through to massive computational systems. The scientist usually accesses these resources from reasonably high-end desktop computers. Even though most modern desktop computers are provided with reasonably powerful three-dimensional graphical hardware, not all scientific applications require high-end three-dimensional visualization because the data of interest is essentially numerical or two-dimensional graphical data. For these applications, a much simpler two-dimensional graphical displays can be used. Since large jobs can take many hours to complete the scientist needs access to a technology that will allow them to still monitor and control their job while away from their desks. This paper describes an effective method of monitoring and controlling a set of chained computer simulations by means of a lightweight steering client based on a small personal digital assistant (PDA). The concept of using a PDA to steer a series of computational jobs across a supercomputing resource may seem strange at first but when scientists realize they can use these devices to connect to their computation wherever there is a wireless network (or cellular phone network) the concept becomes very compelling. Apart from providing a much needed easy-to-use interface, the PDA-based steering client has the benefit of freeing the scientist from the desktop. It is during this monitoring stage that the hand-held PDA client is of particular value as it gives the application scientist greater freedom to leave his or her desk but still communicate with their simulation, with the proviso that they remain within the range of a wireless network.     

Wearables in Medicine

Wearables as medical technologies are becoming an integral part of personal analytics, measuring physical status, recording physiological parameters, or informing schedule for medication. These continuously evolving technology platforms do not only promise to help people pursue a healthier life style, but also provide continuous medical data for actively tracking metabolic status, diagnosis, and treatment. Advances in the miniaturization of flexible electronics, electrochemical biosensors, microfluidics, and artificial intelligence algorithms have led to wearable devices that can generate real‐time medical data within the Internet of things. These flexible devices can be configured to make conformal contact with epidermal, ocular, intracochlear, and dental interfaces to collect biochemical or electrophysiological signals. This article discusses consumer trends in wearable electronics, commercial and emerging devices, and fabrication methods. It also reviews real‐time monitoring of vital signs using biosensors, stimuli‐responsive materials for drug delivery, and closed‐loop theranostic systems. It covers future challenges in augmented, virtual, and mixed reality, communication modes, energy management, displays, conformity, and data safety. The development of patient‐oriented wearable technologies and their incorporation in randomized clinical trials will facilitate the design of safe and effective approaches.     

Contact between rolling beams and flat surfaces

This work presents a new approach to model the contact between a circular cross section beam and a flat surface. In a finite element environment, when working with beam elements in contact with surfaces, it is common to consider node or line to surface approaches for describing contact. An offset can be included in normal gap function due to beam cross section dimensions. Such a procedure can give good results in frictionless scenarios, but the friction effects are not usually properly treated. When friction plays a role (e.g., rolling problems or alternating rolling/sliding) more elaboration is necessary. It is proposed here a method that considers an offset not only in normal gap. The basic idea is to modify the classical definition of tangential gap function in order to include the effect of rigid body rotation that occurs in a rolling scenario and, furthermore, consider the moment of friction force. This paper presents the new gap function definition and also its consistent linearization for a direct implementation in a Newton‐Raphson method to solve nonlinear structural problems modeled using beam elements. The methodology can be generalized to any interaction involving elements with rotational degrees of freedom. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

LSS-net: 3-dimensional segmentation of the spinal canal for the diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis

Lumbar Spinal Stenosis (LSS) is one of the main causes of chronic low back pain. Chronic low back pain not only reduces the quality of life of people but also can be an important expense item in the country's economy due to the inability of the person to participate in working life and treatment costs. As in other diseases, rapid diagnosis and early treatment of LSS significantly affect the quality of life of the person. Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging is one of the methods used to diagnose LSS. Diagnosis by interpreting MR images requires serious expertise, and it has been frequently studied by academics in recent years because it is a system that assists the doctor with an objective approach. This field of study is machine learning, which we can call the sub-branch of Artificial Intelligence. Deep learning-based machine learning is very successful in processing biomedical images such as MR. In this study, a model that performs 3-dimensional automatic segmentation on T2 sequence Lumbar MR Images is proposed for the diagnosis of LSS. This 3D LSS segmentation study, according to our knowledge, has the feature of being the first in its field and will be an important resource for those who work in this field. In addition, with the proposed model, parts that cannot be fully opened in LSS surgical operations, especially in the nerve roots, can be fully determined beforehand which will ensure that the patient's complaints are completely eliminated after the operation. In MR images, a total of 6 classes were created and segmentation was carried out, including the spinal disc, canal, thecal sac, posterior element, and other regions and background in the image, which are important for LSS. To measure the success of segmentation, the Intersection over Union (IoU) metric was calculated for each class. 3D segmentation success for the validation set in the dataset; Background (IoU = 0.83), Canal (IoU = 0.61), Disc (IoU = 0.91), Other (IoU = 0.97), Posterior element (IoU = 0.82), and Thecal Sac (IoU = 0.81). The 3D automatic segmentation success rates obtained are quite high and show that a Computer Aided Diagnosis system can be created in LSS diagnosis.     

Important issues using PSA technology for design of new systems and plants

Modern engineering design of new systems or plants needs not only the specification of the function of the system during various life cycle periods, but also the consideration of additional requirements and the demonstration of the compliance with it based on a predictive model considering measurable properties and possible malfunctions of the system parts. Additional requirements can be high availability, low emissions or high safety level. PSA technology provides a framework and tools to establish design targets and to demonstrate their compliance. In this paper important issues using this technology are discussed. Issues are targeted at various levels—the basic evaluation of reliability for active and passive components and the entire system, the general process to show the compliance of the given system characteristics with the characteristics required. This paper does not deal with the details of all these issues, but provides references for further information.     

Achievements in workplace neutron dosimetry in the last decade: lessons learned from the EVIDOS project

The availability of active neutron personal dosemeters has made real time monitoring of neutron doses possible. This has obvious benefits, but is only of any real assistance if the dose assessments made are of sufficient accuracy and reliability. Preliminary assessments of the performance of active neutron dosemeters can be made in calibration facilities, but these can never replicate the conditions under which the dosemeter is used in the workplace. Consequently, it is necessary to assess their performance in the workplace, which requires the field in the workplace to be fully characterised in terms of the energy and direction dependence of the fluence. This paper presents an overview of developments in workplace neutron dosimetry but concentrates on the outcomes of the EVIDOS project, which has made significant advances in the characterisation of workplace fields and the analysis of dosemeter responses in those fields.     

谈中学英语教学中的美感教育

语言是人们沟通的桥梁,一个人的思想、品德和情操也都可以通过语言表现出来。中学英语教学作为一门语言学科,它是与美学相通的。英语教师的语言艺术水平直接关系到英语课堂教学的质量。教师应把教学当作一种美。师生共同去创造教学美,使教学体现美的特征,达到美的境界,具有审美价值。使学生在学习语言的同时,去识美,知美,乐美从而创造美,并启迪心灵的美,提高审美素质。本文重点探讨教学内容美和教学形式美。     

从生活中发想——21世纪日常生活用品再设计

日常生活用品再设计是创新性的体现,它不仅能改善人们的生活环境,优化人们的生活方式,还能促使人们更新观念。成功的日常生活用品再设计案例表明,从熟知的日常生活中寻求现代设计的真谛,给日常生活用品赋予新生命能获得非凡的创造力。借用数学概念,采用并集、交集、补集、空集等“集合法”进行日常生活用品再设计是最常用的方法。在日常生活中寻找设计,这是当代设计师应该具备的素质,因为人们生活在设计的海洋中,生活本身就是设计的起源地,而设计,归根结底就是对生活的发言。