Fe74Al4Ga2P12B4Si4块体非晶合金的纳米晶化及软磁性能研究

采用铜模铸造法制备了厚2mm的Fe74Al4Ga2P12B4Si4块体非晶合金.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、差热分析(DSC)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)研究了其晶化行为和软磁性能.结果表明,非晶合金的玻璃转变温度Tg为457.35℃,晶化开始温度Tx为497.65℃.合金的过冷液相区宽度△Tx达到40.30℃,表明合金具有较大的玻璃形成能力.F74Al4Ga2P12B4Si4合金的晶化是二级晶化过程.经520℃等温退火后析出α-Fe相,其晶粒尺寸为15.9nm;而经550℃等温退火后析出α-Fe相及微量的A10.3Si0.7Fe3和Fe3B相,其中α-Fe相的晶粒尺寸为17.4nm.非晶合金的饱和磁化强度为108.816emu/g、矫顽力Hc为574.97Oe;经520℃等温退火后,纳米晶合金的饱和磁化强度为106.875emu/g、矫顽力Hc为94.16Oe.退火实验结果表明,纳米晶化对材料的饱和磁化强度没有显著影响,但会显著降低材料的矫顽力.     

Fe86Zr5.5 Nb5.5 B3非晶合金的超高压烧结成型

为了获得致密的块状Fe86Zr55Nb55B3纳米晶合金,研究了高压快速烧结工艺参数对样品致密度和α-Fe相晶粒尺寸的影响.结果表明:快淬球磨破碎非晶粉末在5.5 GPa/3min烧结条件下,当Pw=1150 W后,可获得相对密度为98.3%、单相α-Fe纳米晶(16.3 nm)块体合金,且随着Pw和t的增加,样品相对密度和α-Fe相晶粒尺寸均略有增加,样品典型的比饱和磁化强度σs和矫顽力Hc分别为119.6 emu/g,63.8 Oe.     

一步法原位合成Fe_2O_3/Ag磁性核壳粒子

采用原位法一步合成了α-Fe2O3和Fe2O3/Ag磁性核壳粒子,通过XRD,TEM和UV光谱研究了Fe2O3/Ag核壳纳米复合材料的结构。结果表明:一步合成了α-Fe2O3,纳米α-Fe2O3粒子表面被Ag层包覆,纳米α-Fe2O3核的平均粒径大约为20～30nm,Ag壳层厚度为10～15nm,形成了核壳结构的电磁复合纳米粒子。α-Fe2O3/Ag核壳纳米复合材料导电率为0.317S/cm。α-Fe2O3粒子具有超顺磁性,饱和磁化强度为1.28A.m2.kg-1,矫顽力为8.2784kA.m-1。α-Fe2O3/Ag核壳粒子饱和磁化强度为0.92A.m2.kg-1,其矫顽力与α-Fe2O3粒子基本一致。     

NiFe2O4纳米粒子的水热合成及表征

以Ni(NO3)2·6H2O和Fe(NO3)3·9H2O为主要原料,在聚乙二醇(PEG)存在下,采用水热法制备了磁性NiFe2O4纳米粒子,用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和振动样品磁场计(VSM)等分析方法对样品进行了表征.结果表明:水热法合成的NiFe2O4纳米粒子为尖晶石结构,粒度分布均匀,为方形形貌,粒子直径范围在50～60nm;比饱和磁化强度为25.83emu/g,剩磁为6.167emu/g,矫顽力达85.87Oe.     

铁纳米粉体的磁性能研究

为了研究铁纳米粉体材料与常规材料在磁性能方面的不同,采用阳极弧放电等离子体方法制备了铁纳米粉体。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等测试手段对样品的形貌、晶体结构、粒度、磁性能进行表征,并对振动样品磁强计测量静态磁特性的原理进行了分析。测试结果表明,样品呈规则的球形链状分布,表面光洁,平均粒径为39nm,粒径范围分布区间窄,晶体结构为bcc结构的晶态;纳米结构材料与常规材料在磁结构上有差别,铁纳米粉体的饱和磁化强度Ms为53emu/g,剩余磁化强度Mr为1.5emu/g,矫顽力Hc为32.2Oe。     

油酸对微波水热法制备的纳米Fe_3O_4的影响

采用微波水热法制备纳米Fe3O4,并用油酸对其进行表面改性,获得油酸包覆的Fe3O4纳米粒子。利用XRD、FT-IR、TEM和振动样品磁强计对Fe3O4纳米粒子的结构、形貌、磁性能进行表征。结果表明:表面改性使得油酸分子中—COOH和Fe离子形成化学键;改性后的纳米Fe3O4粒子为粒度均匀的球形,具有良好的分散性,平均粒径约8nm;该产物具有超顺磁性,饱和磁化强度为61.8emu/g。     

不同酸对γ-Fe_2O_3/SiO_2纳米复合粉体特性的影响

以正硅酸乙酯及铁盐为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备γ-Fe2O3/SiO2纳米复合粉体。采用红外吸收光谱、X射线衍射仪、透射电镜及振动样品磁强计等对复合粉体进行表征。结果表明:以不同铁盐为前驱体得到不同晶型的Fe2O3;不同酸对磁性复合粉体的性能有重要影响:加硝酸时,γ-Fe2O3大小为15nm,其饱和磁化强度大;加入醋酸时得到的γ-Fe2O3颗粒为5nm,且粒度分布变窄,但其饱和磁化强度明显下降;并对γ-Fe2O3在SiO2中的合成机理进行了探讨。     

反相微乳液法制备超顺磁性核壳Fe3O4@SiO2纳米颗粒

分别用一步法和两步法在Tritonx-100/正己醇/环己烷/水反相微乳液体系中,以纳米Fe3O4粒子为核,利用正硅酸乙酯在碱性条件下水解制备纳米Fe3O4@SiOz纳米颗粒.通过XRD、Fr-IR、SEM、TEM和VSM对复合颗粒的晶体结构、结合状态、表面形貌、微观特征和磁学特性进行了表征.结果表明,2种方法制备的Fe3O4核均为尖晶石结构,SiO2壳均为无定形结构;复合颗粒呈球形,且团聚在一起;相比较而言,一步法分散性较两步法要好;两者都具有超顺磁性,在室温、外场为1T时磁化强度分别为23emu/g、11emu/g.     

气-液反应法合成包覆型纳米铁粒子

采用气-液反应法合成了纳米级铁粒子,利用TEM、XRD、VSM等仪器对合成产物的晶态、物相、形貌、粒度和磁性进行了表征。结果表明,合成的产物为纳米级α-Fe,且粒子被均匀地包覆了表面活性剂,抗氧化性能明显提高。粒子的平均粒径为17.2nm,饱和磁化强度为113.57A·m2/kg,磁性能相对稳定。     

磁性羧甲基化壳聚糖纳米粒子的制备与表征

以化学共沉淀法制备了Fe3O4纳米粒子,壳聚糖经羧甲基化改性后接枝在Fe3O4颗粒表面,得到了磁性羧甲基化壳聚糖(Fe3O4/CMC)纳米粒子.利用透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)及磁性测试对产物进行了表征.TEM表明Fe3O4纳米粒子被CMC包覆,粒径约10 nm;XRD分析表明复合纳米粒子中磁性物质为Fe3O4;FT-IR表明壳聚糖发生羧甲基反应以及在Fe3O4表面的接枝反应.Fe3O4/CMC纳米粒子具有超顺磁性,比饱和磁化强度25.73 emu/g,有良好的磁稳定性.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.