洋麻纤维增强全降解复合材料的制备及其弯曲模量

利用压制成型工艺制备了洋麻纤维增强全降解复合材料, 分析了纤维体积分数、长度以及取向分布对材料弯曲模量的影响, 并根据COX 剪滞法和洋麻纤维在成型后被压缩的结构特点, 探讨了一种修正COX 剪滞模型对弯曲模量的预测。实验表明, 随着纤维体积分数、长度和取向因子的增加, 材料的弯曲模量增加。扫描电镜的观察显示洋麻纤维的横断面呈现多孔状结构, 成型后受到压缩而变得致密, 增加了材料的弯曲模量。预测结果表明, 结合了纤维压缩率的修正模型的预测计算值与实验值取得较好的一致。      

甘蔗渣纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的制备和力学性能

利用注射成型制备了甘蔗渣纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料, 分析了纤维质量分数、 注射成型条件以及添加物对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明, 随着纤维质量分数的增加, 材料的弯曲模量呈递增趋势。由于甘蔗渣纤维热降解的发生, 材料的力学性能随筒体温度的增加呈下降趋势。在模具温度90℃、 注射间隔时间30s、 不同的筒体温度185℃和165℃的成型条件下, 材料的弯曲性能和冲击强度分别呈现最大值。添加了马来酸酐改性聚丙烯后, 材料的弯曲强度和冲击强度得到了提高。      

甘蔗渣纤维统计强度及纤维增强可降解复合材料拉伸强度的评价

以Weibull统计理论和最弱连接理论为基础,分析了甘蔗渣纤维的统计强度和强度分布,研究了其纤维增强可降解复合材料的拉伸强度。结果表明,甘蔗渣纤维的拉伸统计强度符合二参数的Weibull分布。扫描电镜的观察显示,甘蔗渣纤维的横断面呈现多孔状结构,成型后受到压缩而变得致密,增加了材料的拉伸强度。与复合材料拉伸强度常用预测模型相比,结合了纤维压缩率预测模型的预测计算值与实验值相符程度更好。     

亚麻落麻纤维增强可降解复合材料的拉伸强度预测

采用非织造结合热压成型工艺制备了亚麻落麻纤维增强聚乳酸(PLA)基可降解复合材料(亚麻落麻/PLA),研究了纤维体积分数对材料拉伸强度的影响,并利用 Kelly-Tyson拉伸强度预测模型及相关修正理论,提出了非连续植物纤维增强可降解复合材料(D-NFRBC)强度预测模型,该模型考虑了纤维长度、取向角、直径、强度概率分布及材料界面剪切强度与材料中纤维临界长度、纤维极限拉伸强度三者间制约关系对复合材料强度的影响。结果表明;亚麻落麻/PLA拉伸强度在纤维体积分数为39.6%时达到最大,应用本文建立的强度预测模型所得亚麻落麻/PLA拉伸强度预测值与实验值吻合良好。     

基于弯曲性能的黄麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合材料工艺参数研究

针对黄麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合材料的弯曲性能,采用正交实验的方法,研究了纤维质量分数、纤维长度、成型压力和纤维表面处理方法四个因素对其的影响.通过对实验结果进行方差分析和极差分析,对工艺参数进行了优化.研究结果表明:纤维表面处理方法为复合处理、纤维质量分数为15%、成型压力为80t、纤维长度为25mm时,复合材料弯曲性能达到最优.该结果与玻纤、碳纤增强聚氨酯复合材料制品作相应的对比,并为提高实际生产的制品质量提供了理论依据.     

注塑成型纤维增强热塑性树脂复合材料刚度预测方法

基于Hsueh模型的应力场分布,采用代表性体积单元(RVE)平均近似方法,推导出可以退化成Halpin-Tsai模型的泊松比ν₁₂的显性表达式,与桥联模型基本重合。结合Fu模型和Giner模型,引入与纤维长径比(l/a)相关的指数衰减函数得到横向模量E₂₂修正的Halpin-Tsai模型,与自洽模型重合。基于泊松比各向同性假设而推导出的泊松比ν₂₃与有限元结果逼近,远优于Halpin-Tsai模型;基于逆向工程,修正了被Halpin-Tsai模型低估的剪切模量G₂₃。基于经典的层合板分析方法(LAA),引入纤维长度分布(FLD)及纤维取向广义分布函数,对两种注塑成型短玻璃纤维增强热塑性树脂(FRT)复合材料的弹性常数进行预测。结果表明:4个微观力学组合模型均很好地预测了复合材料的弹性常数,但纤维长度质量分布的预测结果比纤维长度数量分布的结果更为合理,特别是对于纵向杨氏模量E_L的改进效果大于5%。      

缝合复合材料单向板的拉压性能

缝合复合材料改善了层合复合材料易分层的缺陷,其力学性能研究具有重要意义。建立缝合复合材料单向板的三维有限元分析模型,考虑了缝合针脚造成的纤维面内和面外弯曲,分析了纤维弯曲对拉伸和压缩性能的影响。结果表明,模型能很好预测缝合单向板拉伸和压缩性能,同时考虑纤维面内和面外弯曲对预测更为有利,纤维面内和面外弯曲是影响强度的主要因素,纤维面内弯曲对模量影响较大,而纤维面外弯曲对模量的影响可以忽略不计。     

剑麻纤维/酚醛树脂复合材料的动态力学性能、力学性能和热性能

采用碱处理方法对剑麻纤维(SF)进行处理、细化,通过模压成型制备剑麻纤维/酚醛树脂(SF/PF)复合材料.采用动态力学(DMA)、力学性能、热膨胀性能等测定研究了剑麻纤维的加入量对复合材料的动态力学性能、冲击强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量、比强度、比模量、耐磨性能、热膨胀性能的影响,用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了材料冲击断面和磨损面的形态.结果表明,制得的SF/PF复合材料的α转变温度提高,贮存模量提高,材料的力学性能和耐磨性得到显著改善,加入SF的复合材料的冲击断裂面出现明显的纤维拔出形态,材料的磨损面呈现粘着磨损特征形态.     

棉秆皮预处理对棉秆皮纤维/PP复合材料力学性能的影响研究

用碱处理、蒸汽闪爆、蒸汽闪爆结合碱处理这3种预处理方法制备的棉秆皮纤维作为增强体,通过热压成型制备了棉秆皮纤维/聚丙烯复合材料。首先优化了制备该复合材料的棉秆皮纤维长度、热压温度、压力以及时间等工艺参数,并以此优化工艺为基础,研究了3种预处理方法制备的棉秆皮纤维对复合材料拉伸、弯曲、冲击性能以及微观形貌的影响。结果表明:在棉秆皮纤维长度为8cm、热压温度170℃、热压压力3MPa、热压时间4min条件下制备的复合材料性能较优;在3种预处理方法中,采用蒸汽闪爆与碱预处理棉秆皮纤维制备的复合材料性能最优,复合材料拉伸强度为36.290MPa、拉伸模量为4557.40MPa、弯曲强度为63.31MPa、弯曲模量为4780.00MPa、冲击强度为485.0J/m。     

2.5D机织复合材料弹性性能的有限元分析

在已有研究的基础上,提出了一个新的2.5D机织复合材料有限元模型,该模型较为真实的模拟了织物内纤维束的轮廓结构和走向,模型中纤维束单元的材料属性根据其所处位置及纱线走向的不同对其分别进行定义。利用该模型,以机织结构和纤维束排列密度为参数,详细研究了其对2.5维机织复合材料弹性性能的影响情况,并对其影响特征进行了分析讨论。将计算结果与实验值和刚度平均法预测结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,有限元法预测结果介于实验值和刚度平均法预测值之间,非常接近于实验值,且优于刚度平均法预测的结果。     

Tensile,flexural and torsional properties of chemically treated alfa,coir and bagasse reinforced polypropylene

Mechanical properties of alfa, coir and bagasse fibers reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites have been investigated. In order to improve the composite’s mechanical properties, fibers were alkali treated before compounding to remove natural waxes and other non cellulosic compounds. The mechanical properties of the composites obtained with these three fibers were found to be superior to those of the neat polymer. Addition of various amount of reinforcement fibers yielded noticeable increases in both tensile and flexural modulus as well as the torsion parameter. 56–75% increases in tensile modulus were observed by the use of alfa, coir and bagasse while the flexural modulus increased by 30–47% when compared to neat PP. An increase in torsion modulus is also observed when the fiber content exceeds a threshold level. A power law model was developed using an experimental data to calculate the torsion modulus of fiber-reinforced composites at various fiber loading and frequencies.     

Flexural properties of hemp fibre reinforced polylactide and unsaturated polyester composites

In this work, flexural strength and flexural modulus of chemically treated random short and aligned long hemp fibre reinforced polylactide and unsaturated polyester composites were investigated over a range of fibre content (0-50 wt%). Flexural strength of the composites was found to decrease with increased fibre content; however, flexural modulus increased with increased fibre content. The reason for this decrease in flexural strength was found to be due to fibre defects (i.e. kinks) which could induce stress concentration points in the composites during flexural test, accordingly flexural strength decreased. Alkali and silane fibre treatments were found to improve flexural strength and flexural modulus which could be due to enhanced fibre/matrix adhesion.     

不饱和聚酯/热塑性聚氨酯/甘蔗纤维复合材料的结构与性能

研究了NaOH和丙烯酸改性甘蔗纤维与热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)对不饱和聚酯(UPR)/TPU/甘蔗纤维复合材料力学性能的影响.采用热重分析(TGA)方法进行表征,用扫描电镜观察了复合材料冲击断面的形貌,并测试了复合材料的力学性能.结果表明,加入适量改性甘蔗纤维提高了UPR复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和热稳定性,但降低了冲击...     

Mechanical properties of randomly oriented short Sansevieria cylindrica fibre/polyester composites

The tensile, flexural and impact properties of randomly oriented short Sansevieria cylindrica fibre/polyester (SCFP) composites are described for the first time in this work. Composites were fabricated using raw S. cylindrica fibres (SCFs) with varying fibre lengths and weight percents of fibre. When the length of the SCFs was increased, the tensile, flexural and impact properties of the composite were increased up to a 30-mm fibre length, and then a curtailment in properties occurred for higher fibre length composites. SCFP composites showed a regular trend of an increase in properties with fibre weight percent until 40% and afterwards a decrease in properties for composites with greater fibre weight percent. Tensile tests revealed that the tensile strength was about 76 MPa, the Young’s modulus was 1.1 GPa and the elongation at break was between 7% and 8.3%. The flexural strength and modulus were estimated to be around 84 MPa and 3 GPa, respectively. Impact tests exhibited a strength of approximately 9.5 J/cm². The analysis of the tensile, flexural and impact properties of short SCFP composites displayed a critical fibre length and optimum fibre weight percent of 30 mm and 40%, respectively. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies were carried out to evaluate the fibre/matrix interactions. The experimental tensile strengths were compared with the theoretical predictions and found to be in good agreement with Hirsch’s model. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the composites exposed the presence of cellulose IV with a crystallinity index of 60% and crystallite size of 68 nm.     

回收汽车用废旧塑料制备复合板材的力学性能

以汽车内饰用废弃塑料为主要原料,粉碎后通过添加新的接枝改性聚丙烯短切玻璃纤维制备出复合板材,研究了改性PP和短切玻纤对材料力学性能的影响.结果表明,改性PP的加入有利于改善材料的成形性能.添加新的改性聚丙烯后,复合材料的压缩强度和压缩模量增大,随着改性PP含量的提高,弯曲强度大幅提高而弯曲模量稍有降低;随着短切玻璃纤维含量的提高,材料的弯曲强度及弯曲模量均明显提高.     

The potential of harakeke fibre as reinforcement in polymer matrix composites including modelling of long harakeke fibre composite strength

Mechanical properties of aligned long harakeke fibre reinforced epoxy with different fibre contents were evaluated. Addition of fibre was found to enhance tensile properties of epoxy; tensile strength and Young’s modulus increased with increasing content of harakeke fibre up to 223 MPa at a fibre content of 55 wt% and 17 GPa at a fibre content of 63 wt%, respectively. The flexural strength and flexural modulus increased to a maximum of 223 MPa and 14 GPa, respectively, as the fibre content increased up to 49 wt% with no further increase with increased fibre content. The Rule of Mixtures based model for estimating tensile strength of aligned long fibre composites was also developed assuming composite failure occurred as a consequence of the fracture of the lowest failure strain fibres taking account porosity of composites. The model was shown to have good accuracy for predicting the strength of aligned long natural fibre composites.     

The effect of fibre content on the mechanical properties of glass fibre mat/polypropylene composites

Glass fibre mat was prepared by the fibre mat-manufacturing machine developed in our laboratory. Glass fibre mat reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites were fabricated with the variation of glass fibre content. Tensile, flexural and high rate impact test was conducted to investigate the effect of glass fibre content on the mechanical properties of the glass fibre mat/PP composite. Deformation and fracture behaviour of the glass fibre mat/PP composites was investigated to study the relationship with the mechanical property data. The tensile and flexural modulus increased with the increment of glass fibre content. However, the tensile and flexural strengths exhibited maximum values and showed a decrease at the higher glass fibre content than this point. The impact absorption energy also exhibited a similar result with the tensile and flexural property data.     

Analysis of tensile and flexural modulus in hemp strands/polypropylene composites

This research focuses on the behavior of the tensile and flexural modulus of polypropylene/hemps strands composites. The intrinsic tensile modulus of the hemp strands was computed using Hirsch model and experimental data of the tensile modulus of the polypropylene composites at the 20–50 wt.% hemp strands content. The modified rule of mixtures was used to evaluate the efficiency factor. Square packing distribution was assumed and the length factor was fixed by Cox–Krenchel’s model. The mean value of the orientation efficiency factor was found to be 0.55. Tensile and flexural modulus were compared concluding that its value was independent of the manner the composite was loaded. Finally the Tsai–Pagano model was applied to predict the behavior of the composite’s tensile modulus.     

Novel biocomposites from poly(trimethylene terephthalate) and recycled carbon fibres

Biobased composites from recycled carbon fibre and poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) were fabricated by extrusion followed by injection moulding. The mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of the composites were investigated as a function of recycled carbon fibre content. The mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural and notched impact strength as well as tensile and flexural modulus of the composites increased with increasing recycled carbon fibre content. The improvement of stiffness and toughness of composite materials is one of the important findings of this investigation. Experimental values of tensile strength and modulus were compared with parallel, series and Hirsch’s models. The morphology of the composites was analysed by scanning electron microscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis were used to measure the thermal properties of the composites. Recycled carbon fibre loading appreciably improved the storage modulus of PTT. Thermal stability and crystallization temperature of PTT also improved with the recycled carbon fibre content.