测量不确定度自动评定的研究

通过分析Met/Cal中进行测量不确定度评定时默认考虑的3种不确定度来源,介绍测量不确定度评定所用到的7个计算公式,研究Met/Cal中如何设置测量不确定度评定,以系统地说明Met/Cal中实现测量不确定度自动评定的原理和方法。最后给出Met/Cal默认测量不确定度评定的流程以及自定义测量不确定度评定的编程实例,以指导使用者正确地使用其测量不确定度评定功能。     

电子计价秤比对测量值的不确定度评定

电子计价秤比对测量值的不确定度评定概述、测量方法、测量模型、标准不确定度评定、标准不确定度分量、合成标准不确定度的评定、扩展标准不确定度的评定。     

金属材料拉伸试验测量不确定度的分析

为简化实际操作中金属材料拉伸试验测量不确定度的评定程序,确定合理的不确定度评定方法,保证测量系统不确定度真实反应测量系统的测量能力和系统的测量稳定性.本文根据JJF 1059.2-2012的要求,以58 SiMn圆形棒材抗拉强度测量系统为实例,对其进行了不确定度评定,同时分析了该系统各不确定度分项的来源及对评定结果的影响.提出了评定方法的选择、测量系统要求、对各不确定度分量的取舍等观点,可作为对进行拉伸试验不确定度的评定及其他测试系统不确定度评定的参考.     

CMM形状测量任务的不确定度分析与评定

研究了坐标测量机(CMM)形状测量任务的不确定度评定问题,实现了CMM形状测量的不确定度快速、可靠地评定。给出了测量不确定度评定与表示指南(GUM)和蒙特卡洛随机抽样两种不确定度合成方法,平面度测量实验验证了不确定度评定方法的可行性,实验结果表明:GUM确定的不确定度精度意义不可靠,扩展不确定度相对于实际情况扩大了11.1%; 解决CMM形状测量任务的不确定度评定问题,具有较强的典型性和代表性,可有效地应用于解决其他精密仪器的不确定度评定问题。     

覆层厚度测量仪示值误差测量不确定度评定

该文旨在规范覆层厚度测量仪测量不确定度分析与评定工作,确保测量不确定度评定结果的准确可靠。该文运用国际通用不确定度评定方法,建立测量模型,对以标准厚度片作为标准器校准覆层厚度测量仪示值误差进行了测量不确定度评定,并分析其不确定度分量,以期为广大测量人员提供不确定度分析参考依据。     

锚具洛氏硬度测量不确定度的评定

利用评定与表示测量不确定度的通用规则和流程,按照GB/T15481-2000对检测实验室的要求,本文以锚具洛氏硬度为例进行了测量不确定度的评定与表示,通过实例评定,分析并确定了锚具洛氏硬度测量不确定度产生的主要来源,了解了测量不确定度的评定流程,掌握了测量不确定度的评定方法,评定结果是科学的、合理的.     

锚具洛氏硬度测量不确定度的评定

利用评定与表示测量不确定度的通用规则和流程,按照GB/T15481-2000对检测实验室的要求,本文以锚具洛氏硬度为例进行了测量不确定度的评定与表示,通过实例评定,分析并确定了锚具洛氏硬度测量不确定度产生的主要来源,了解了测量不确定度的评定流程,掌握了测量不确定度的评定方法,评定结果是科学的、合理的。     

测量不确定度评定在卷烟生产企业中的应用

尽管JJF1059-1999《测量不确定度评定和表示》对测量不确定度评定和表示提出了系统的要求,卷烟生产企业对卷烟物理化学指标测量不确定度评定也作了详细的指引,但是卷烟企业应用测量不确定度评定还比较少。下面笔者结合多年从事测量过程控制的经验,谈谈测量不确定度评定在卷烟生产企业中的应用。一、充分理解测量不确定度的含义通常测量结果的好坏用测量误差来衡量,但是测量误差只能表现测量的短期质量。测量过程是否持续     

测量不确定度评定的注意事项

国家计量技术规范JJF1059-1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》具有普遍适用性，可对测量过程以及数据处理中产生的测量不确定度进行评定，为保证测量不确定度的评定质量，克服评定中易犯的错误，提出一些具体事项，请评定人员予以注意，以利推广测量不确定度的应用。     

测量不确定度概念的理解

本文以测量误差与测量不确定度的定义解析,了解两者的区别,在概念上加深对测量不确定度的理解;通过介绍测量不确定度A类和B类评定方法的异同点,使检测人员初步认知测量不确定度的评定方法,为今后开展测量不确定度的评定工作打下基础。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。