无硼载体淀粉胶粘剂的研究

介绍了载体淀粉胶粘剂的制备工艺,着重研究了无硼对载体淀粉胶粘剂性能的影响.通过用交联剂A、B、C、D、E取代硼砂进行条件试验,试验表明采用交联剂A效果最好,并确定了它的最佳含量.通过用复合剂、耐水剂对交联剂A和硼砂进行对照实验,得出了相应的结论.结果表明该交联剂A可以取代有毒的硼砂制备淀粉胶粘剂,值得推广应用.     

不同氧化条件下氧化马铃薯淀粉胶粘剂影响因素的研究

选用马铃薯淀粉为原料,双氧水为氧化剂,以淀粉用量、氧化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间和pH值为影响因素,按L25(56)正交实验表分别在一般氧化和高氧化条件下制备2组氧化淀粉,然后再配成胶粘剂,测定了粘度、快干性、耐水性,最后通过分析和讨论,总结出了在2种氧化条件下各正交因素对胶粘剂相关性能的影响规律,寻求到了性能相对较佳的氧化淀粉反应条件和配方.     

高强度耐水瓦楞纸板淀粉胶粘剂的研制

介绍了高强度耐水瓦楞纸板淀粉胶粘剂的配方和生产工艺，着重讨论了多功能悬浮剂和羟甲基脲对淀粉胶粘剂性能的影响。实验证明该淀粉胶粘剂性能稳定，不分层、不沉淀，循环使用数日其粘度适宜等特点。用该淀粉胶粘剂制成的瓦楞纸板通过检测，其粘结强度超过了一般二步法制备淀粉胶粘剂的一倍，防水性能超过4h，是一种新型的淀粉胶粘剂。     

氧化淀粉/卡拉胶复合膜制备与性能研究

利用木薯氧化淀粉为成膜主要材料,添加增塑剂山梨醇和增强剂卡拉胶,制备了一种新型可降解淀粉膜。研究了膜组分卡拉胶和山梨醇对复合膜的抗拉强度、伸长率、透光率、接触角和透氧系数的影响。分析结果表明:当m(氧化淀粉)∶m(山梨醇)∶m(卡拉胶)=10∶3∶1时复合膜的性能较佳,拉伸强度7.4MPa,断裂伸长率为28.1%,透光率为83.5%,接触角65.5°,透氧系数1.9cm~2/(s·Pa)。     

影响氧化淀粉胶粘剂粘度的因素的研究

论述了淀粉胶粘剂的粘度与瓦楞纸板的质量的关系,着重研究了氧化剂用量、氧化时间、氢氧化钠用量、水比、氧化温度、贮存时间、贮存温度等因素对氧化淀粉胶粘剂粘度的影响,并进行详细的讨论,研究结果表明：当氧化剂用量（以淀粉重量%计）1.8%-2.4%,氢氧化钠用量1.6%-2.6%,水比4.5-5.5,氧化时间15-25min,氧化温度20-30（时所制得的胶粘剂的性能比较适宜瓦楞纸的生产,胶粘剂应贮存在密闭容器中。     

氧化淀粉胶黏剂的交联改性及其性能研究

用玉米淀粉与过硫酸铵反应制备了氧化淀粉胶黏剂,再与二羟甲基双氰胺(DMDCD)进行交联反应,制备了一种交联改性氧化淀粉胶黏剂。采用红外光谱对样品进行了表征,并讨论了交联改性对氧化淀粉胶黏剂耐水性和贮存稳定性的影响。实验结果表明:DMDCD改性提高了淀粉胶黏剂的耐水性与贮存稳定性;当过硫酸铵质量分数为淀粉质量的1.5%,DMDCD质量分数为淀粉质量的3%时,交联改性氧化淀粉胶黏剂的贮存稳定性在45 d以上,其耐水时间、黏度分别为102 h和1680 mPa.s;红外分析证实了DMDCD与氧化淀粉发生了交联反应。     

三氯化铁替代硼砂对氧化淀粉胶粘剂性能的影响

目的为了改善氧化淀粉的综合性能。方法以交联剂三氯化铁替代硼砂,采用高锰酸钾氧化法制备了无硼砂淀粉,并研究了交联剂三氯化铁用量、无机填料、高聚物等对氧化淀粉胶粘剂性能(黏度、初粘强度、防水性、粘合强度等)的影响。结果替代后的氧化淀粉胶粘剂不仅具有更好的黏度与初粘强度,而且其与无机填料以及高聚物均具有更好的兼容性。结论三氯化铁替代硼砂后所制备的氧化淀粉胶的防水性、粘结强度更好。     

土豆塑料的制备与研究

本课题通过采用甘油和柠檬酸三乙酯复合增塑剂对土豆淀粉进行了塑化,并制备了添加了增强剂Joncryl的聚乳酸和土豆淀粉的共混物。结果表明,增强剂能很好的提高土豆淀粉和聚乳酸的相容性。聚乳酸含量的增加以及添加增强剂能够有效地提高产品的力学性能和耐水性能。     

用谷氨酸为交联剂制备玉米交联氧化淀粉胶黏剂及性能研究

目的 改善淀粉胶黏剂胶合强度低、耐水性差等缺点，通过对玉米淀粉(CS)进行改性，制备玉米交联氧化淀粉胶黏剂(CCOSA)。方法 以CS为主要原料，以生物质材料谷氨酸为交联剂，以过氧化氢为氧化剂，采用先交联后氧化的方法制备CCOSA。通过单因素试验确定制备玉米交联淀粉(CCS)和玉米交联氧化淀粉(CCOS)的最优条件，通过FT-IR对制备的CCS 和CCOS进行结构表征，并测定制备的CCOSA的基本理化性能、耐水时间和胶合强度。结果 得到了制备CCS的优化工艺条件，当CS的质量为20 g、谷氨酸的质量为1.0 g、pH为9、反应温度为55 ℃、反应时间为1.5 h时，制得的CCS的沉降积(0.55 mL)最小、交联度最大。得到了制备CCOS的优化工艺条件，在CCS的质量为20 g、FeSO4的用量为CCS质量的0.1%、质量分数为30%过氧化氢的用量(体积)为2 mL、反应温度为50 ℃、pH为3、反应时间为3 h时，制得的CCOS的羧基含量为0.184%，对CCS的氧化效果最好。通过FT-IR分析可知，CCS在1 157.22 cm⁻¹处出现了C—N伸缩振动吸收峰，CCOS在1 731.35 cm⁻¹处出现了C=O伸缩振动吸收峰，此吸收峰向高波数移动，而且此峰相对于1 653.25 cm⁻¹典型的淀粉衍生物C=O吸收峰的强度明显增强。在此条件下制得的CCOSA的胶合强度为6.15 MPa，比玉米交联淀粉胶黏剂(CCSA)、玉米氧化淀粉胶黏剂(COSA)和未改性玉米淀粉胶黏剂(CSA)的胶合强度分别提高了38.83%、107.07%、352.21%，并且CCOSA的耐水性得到明显提高。结论 FT-TR分析结果表明，采用先交联后氧化的方法成功制得了CCOS，制得的CCOSA的胶合强度和耐水性得到明显提高。     

石墨插层化合物的微波法制备工艺研究

以浓硫酸为插入剂,高锰酸钾为氧化剂用化学方法制备出石墨插层化合物,并用微波进行了膨化.通过正交实验优化了制备工艺影响因素,得出了各因素对膨化率由强到弱的影响次序:反应时间,微波功率,H2SO4(g)用量,KMnO,(g)用量.确定出最佳影响因素水平:反应时问1h,微波功率800W,H2SO4用量50g,KMnO4用量4g.膨胀体积可以达到约400mL/g.并用XRD和EDS等技术对样品进行了表征.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.