电镀NiCoCe合金层的制备及耐蚀性能研究

镍镀层具有较好的耐蚀性和耐磨性,单纯的镍镀层易存在孔隙、晶粒粗大等缺陷,在镀镍时加入少量稀土元素可以显著提高镀层的性能.为此,通过改变电镀液成分和电流密度,在Q235基底上电镀形成一系列NiCoCe合金层,通过浸泡试验及电化学试验评价表面处理前后耐蚀性能的变化.结果 表明:添加0～0.4 g/L Ce元素可以通过细化晶粒有效增强镀层的耐蚀性,当电流密度小于0.04 A/cm2时,电流密度的增加可以使镀层中的晶粒细化,提高镀层的致密性和耐腐蚀性.当Ce元素的添加量为0.4 g/L,电流密度为0.03 A/cm2,电镀温度为50℃时,试验效果最佳.     

高磁感宽温区线性磁温度补偿合金研究

主要研究了FeNi系合金材料的磁温度补偿特性,分析了不同微量合金元素对磁性能的影响.并探讨了不同冷加工度、不同时效温度及不同磁场下合金的磁补偿性能.获得了线性度好、性能稳定可靠的新型磁温度补偿合金材料.典型磁性能为B20℃=0.824T、dB/dt=(-0.005～-0.003)T/℃,B值线性误差为±0.05T(-40～+80℃、H=7960A/m).     

国外新材料、新工艺专利信息

一、生产高强度和高机械性能钢的方法 据美国《专利公报》报道,美国新近研究成功一种使高强度钢获得高机械性能的新工艺,并取得专利权(专利号4720307,1988年1月19日公布)。 钢的化学成分为:C0.03～0.20％,Si≤0.6％,Mn0.5～2.0％,A10.005～0.08％,Nb0.005～0.1％,V0.005～0.1％,Ti0.005～0.15％,Cu≤10％,Cr≤1.0％,Ni≤3.5％,Mo≤1.0％,B0.0005～0.003％,其余为Fe。     

非化学计量比贮氢合金及其电极特性

对贮氢合金M1Ni3.55 xCo0.75Al0.3Mn0.4(0≤x≤0.6)的结构、组织、电化学性能和P－C－T特性进行了研究。结果表明,除了x=0.6的合金外,随着x的增大合金的点阵常数a值减小、c值增大,c/a值和单胞体积也随之增大,而x=0.6时合金体积反而减小。同时随着x的增大,合金中Ni并没有出现明显偏析,而是促进了B侧其它合金元素尤其是Mn和Al的偏析。x的增大,放电容量降低,充放电循环稳定性只略有下降,但活化性能却明显改善,P－C－T曲线平台压升高。     

高磁饱和高导磁率的新型软磁合金1J50Cd

1J50Cd软磁合金主要用作各种类型变压器的铁心。其化学成份为:C≤0.03％,Si≤0.3％,Mn≤0.6％,P和S≤0.02％,Ni50～60％,Mu0～2％,余量为铁。规格为原0.05～0.35mm,宽4～300mm 合金的性能:0.1mm原的1J50Cd合金的静态磁性:μ_(0.002)≥18000高/奥,μ_(0.01)≥30000～40000高/奥,μ_(max)≥150000～     

高脉冲频率对纳米晶镍-铁合金电沉积层性能的影响

为了探讨不同高脉冲频率对Ni-Fe合金镀层性能的影响,在铜锌合金基体上脉冲电沉积了纳米晶Ni-Fe合金层。采用SEM对纳米晶Ni-Fe合金镀层的显微形貌进行了观察,采用XRD对镀层的晶粒尺寸进行了表征,利用2273电化学工作站对其在3.5%NaCl溶液中的动电位极化曲线和交流阻抗谱进行了测试,研究了其耐蚀性能。结果表明:纳米晶Ni-Fe合金镀层致密、均匀;脉冲频率从0.5 kHz逐渐增至3.5 kHz时,镀层中的Fe含量在14.17%～22.77%内呈非线性变化,晶粒尺寸从23 nm逐渐降至15 nm;纳米晶Ni-Fe合金镀层的耐蚀性能呈下凹曲线规律变化,在1.5～2.5 kHz内耐蚀性能较好,1.5 kHz时最佳,自腐蚀电流密度约为0.216μA/cm2,镀层电阻约为1.443×105Ω.cm2。     

双相MlNi3.7Al0.4Cu0.4微晶贮氢合金的结构及活化性能

测试和分析了新型超声气体雾化双相复合MlNi3.7Al0.4Cu0.4微晶贮氢合金的微观组织结构及电化学活化性能.结果表明,这种贮氢合金的微观结构为双相复合结构,基体为AB5(A≡La,Ce,Nd,Pr,B≡Ni,Al,Cu)相,富稀土的AB相在基体中呈不连续网状分布,在相界面存在淬火裂纹.电化学活化性能优越,活化次数仅为1～3次.     

阳极Sn含量对焦磷酸盐电镀低锡Cu-Sn合金层性能的影响

为改善焦磷酸盐电镀Cu-Sn合金层的耐蚀性能差、镀速慢、结合力差等问题,用失重试验、形貌成分分析及电化学技术等方法,研究了阳极中Sn含量对焦磷酸盐电镀Cu-Sn合金层的沉积速率、腐蚀速率、腐蚀过程和微观形貌等的影响。结果表明:当阳极中Sn含量(质量分数)为25%时,Cu-Sn合金镀层的沉积速率较大[6.32mg/(cm2·h)],镀层中Sn含量为5.80%,属于低锡青铜,镀层耐蚀性好,在5%H2SO4溶液中的失重腐蚀速率最小,为0.011 8 mg/(cm2·h),腐蚀电流密度较小(84.7μA/cm2),腐蚀电位最正(-0.405 V),腐蚀倾向最小;CuSn合金镀层的包状物颗粒大小均匀、排列紧密、无明显的表面缺陷,镀层与基体结合良好。     

不同铁含量的碱性Zn-Fe合金镀层在3种溶液中的耐蚀性能

含铁量低于1%(质量分数,下同)的Zn-Fe合金具有优异的耐腐蚀性能,有必要对其耐蚀性及机理做深入研究。采用动电位极化技术和交流阻抗方法(EIS)研究了未钝化的纯Zn镀层和碱性Zn-Fe合金镀层(含铁0.15%～0.89%)在0.2 mol/L Na2B4O7-H3BO3,含0.05 mol/L Cl-的0.2 mol/L Na2B4O7-H3BO3和1%NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性能,采用XRD法研究了不同镀层的晶体结构。结果表明:少量铁在锌中的存在明显影响锌的耐蚀性能,含铁0.15%～0.60%的Zn-Fe合金镀层腐蚀电阻和反应电阻都较纯Zn层的大,腐蚀电流密度较小,在一定电位范围内形成的电化学钝化膜耐Cl-点蚀的能力强;含铁量为0.29%的合金表现出了最好的耐蚀性;Zn-Fe合金镀层与碱性纯Zn镀层的晶体结构相同,都是六方密排结构,铁在Zn-Fe合金中不是以独立相而是以固溶相的形式存在。     

一种新型的磁路补偿合金

本文研究了Ni为30～32％,Mn为1～3％其余为Fe的Fe-Ni-Mn热磁补偿合金。当调整Ni和Mn含量时, 在工作磁场为1600A/m,温度在293K(20℃) 可使磁感应强度B值的变化量在5×10~(-2)或8×10~(-2)T范围之内。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.