热处理对蛋白土粉体性能的影响

对嫩江流域产出蛋白土采用焙烧热处理工艺,研究了热处理温度、时间对该流域产出蛋白土比表面积和孔体积的影响。结果表明:当温度为550℃,热处理时间为2 h,蛋白土的比表面积提高到103.2 m2/g,孔体积达到0.16 mL/g;分析了样品的失重(TG)、差热分析(DTA)曲线,采用SEM对处理前后样品的形貌进行表征。     

微波加热碳酸钾法制备烟杆基高比表面积活性炭

以烟杆炭化料为原料,采用微波加热碳酸钾活化法制备了高比表面积活性炭.研究了微波加热时间和碱炭比对活性炭的得率和吸附性能的影响,得到了优化工艺条件,所得活性炭产品的碘吸附值为1834mg/g,亚甲基兰吸附值为517.5mg/g,得率为16.65%.产品的吸附性能超过了双电层电容器专用活性炭(LY/T 1617-2004)标准的要求,同常规加热相比,活化时间缩短了78.26% .同时测定了该活性炭的氮吸附等温线,通过非定域化密度函数理论表征了活性炭的孔结构.该高比表面积活性炭的比表面积为2557m2/g,总孔体积为1.6470ml/g.     

介孔Ce_xZr_(1-x)O_2固溶体的制备及表征

以硝酸铈、硝酸锆为无机源,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂.采用水热法制备了介孔Ce_xZr_(1-x)O_2固溶体,考察了n(CTAB)/(n(Ce)+n(Zr))及铈锆物质的量比对其结构的影响.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、N_2吸附脱附、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、FT-IR分析手段对其结构进行了表征.结果表明,n(CTAB)/(n(Ce)+n(Zr))对样品结构有很大影响,在优化条件下.合成的Ce_xZr_(1-x)O2固溶体具有与CeO_2相似的立方萤石结构;采用两步焙烧法去除模板剂后,HRTEM显示样品是由纳米粒子堆积而成,并具有孔道结构;介孔Ce_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_2的比表面积为175m~2/g,平均孔径和孔体积分别是5.9nm和0.257cm3/g;Ce~(0.75)Zr_(0.25)O_2的比表面积为110m~2/g,平均孔径和孔体积分别为9.4nm和0.261cm~3/g.     

TiO_2气凝胶光催化剂的制备和表征

通过加入甲酰胺,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了强度较好的块状TiO2气凝胶,并考察了样品在200℃下真空热处理10h的相变情况,样品的表观密度为0.474g/cm3,凝胶时间为15~23min,比表面积为152m2/g,微孔的体积为0.0388cm3/g,微孔的面积为66.1746m2/g,样品的最可几半径是5.7140nm,平均孔径为7.1843nm,样品的绝大多数孔属于介孔,孔体积为0.341cm3/g。分析了甲酰胺对TiO2气凝胶品质的影响情况,甲酰胺使TiO2气凝胶的密度有所降低,强度和比表面积都得到提高,凝胶时间变长。     

大蒜皮基多孔炭材料的水热法制备及其CO_2吸附性能（英文）

以大蒜皮为碳源,先采用水热法制备炭前驱体,再经KOH活化法制备了高比表面积和高孔体积的多孔炭材料。采用氮气吸附仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X-射线衍射(XRD)仪对所制多孔炭的孔结构和形貌特性进行表征。结果表明,活化温度对多孔炭材料的比表面积和孔体积影响较大,当活化温度为800℃和KOH/炭前驱体浓度比为2时,得到的多孔炭材料(AC-28)比表面积和孔体积分别高达1 262 m~2/g和0.70 cm~3/g;当活化温度为600℃和KOH/炭前驱体浓度比为2时,多孔炭材料(AC-26)比表面积和孔体积分别为947 m~2/g和0.51 cm~3/g。虽然AC-26样品的比表面积和孔体积均较低,但其微孔率高达98%,使得此材料CO_2吸附性能优异,在25℃和1 bar时的CO_2吸附量高达4.22 mmol/g。常压下影响多孔炭材料中CO_2吸附量的主要因素是微孔率,并不是由比表面积和孔体积决定。当具有合适的孔径结构和比表面积时,生物质基多孔炭材料中微孔率的增加会有效增加CO_2吸附量。     

大孔-介孔分级孔结构炭材料制备及性能研究

以聚苯乙烯微球以及F127嵌段共聚物自组装结构为模板,酚醛树脂低聚物为碳前驱体,双模板法合成了大孔-介孔分级孔结构的炭材料.对样品进行了X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和氮吸附-脱附测试,并研究了样品的电化学性能.结果表明,利用这种简便的合成方法可以得到具有三维连通大孔以及二维有序介孔结构的分级孔结构炭材料,大孔尺寸在1μm左右,介孔孔径集中分布在5nm,比表面积为353.8m2/g,孔容0.36cm3/g.利用三电极体系测试了产品作为电化学双电层电容器电极材料的性能,在50mA/g的电流密度下,放电质量比电容为40F/g.     

高可见光响应型单斜介孔BiVO4的合成与表征

利用纳米铸造法,以立方有序介孔分子筛MCM-48为硬模板,550℃成功制备了结晶良好的纯相单斜介孔BiVO4.采用XRD、TEM、BET及UV-Vis光谱分析对样品的结构进行了表征,结果表明:与水热法制备的大颗粒样品相比,"纳米铸造"介孔BiVO4的平均孔径为16.8nm,孔体积为0.1 cm2/g,比表面积高达22.9 m2/g,有效减少了光生电子和空穴复合的几率,在可见光范围内表现出优良的可见光催化活性,90min内对乙基黄原酸钾的光催化降解率高达78%.     

镍纳米粉的比表面积和孔结构研究

采用阳极弧放电等离子体方法制备了高纯镍纳米粉,利用X射线衍射(XBD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对粉末的形貌、晶体结构、粒度进行了表征。样品的N_2的吸附-脱附等温线采用静态表面吸附仪在液氮温度下(78 K)在气体饱和蒸气压力范围内测试。依据BJH理论模型计算探讨了样品的累积孔表面积、累积孔体积、孔径及其BJH脱附分布等性能。用图解法由等温吸附直线求出单层吸附量,利用BET吸附公式计算出样品的比表面积。结果表明,镍纳米粉的比表面积为14.23 m~2/g,粒径为46 nm。     

超纯煤沥青基活性炭的制备及其电化学性能的研究

以中温煤沥青为原料,采用酸溶液脱灰以及氢氧化钾活化工艺制备了超纯煤沥青基活性炭,系统研究了活化温度对样品的微观形貌、孔结构以及电化学性能的影响。结果表明,随着活化温度的提高,样品的孔结构变得发达,孔径分布变宽;总比表面积和总孔体积先增加后又略微减小,中孔比表面积和中孔体积逐渐增大,在0.2A/g电流密度下比容量高达300F/g,10A/g电流密度时仍保持为174F/g,5A/g电流密度下充放电循环5000次以后,其比容量保持率高达98%,表明样品具有良好的倍率特性和循环稳定性能。     

炭化温度对酚醛树脂基活性炭孔结构及电化学性能的影响研究

以酚醛树脂为炭前驱体,KOH作活化剂,通过调节炭化温度在相同活化条件下制备了具有不同孔隙结构的活性炭材料.N_2吸附测试表明随着炭化温度降低,活性炭材料比表面积先增大后减小,孔容则不断增大.其中,550℃炭化样品与KOH反应活性最佳,可制得比表面积为2983m~2/g,总孔容为1.58cm~3/g,中孔孔容达到0.59cm~3/g的活性炭材料.采用直流充放电法、交流阻抗法和循环伏安法测定以上述多孔炭为电极材料的双电层电容器的电化学性能,结果表明,PF550活性炭材料电容性能最佳,在有机电解液中100mA/g充放电时,比电容达到160F/g,电流密度增大50倍容量保持率达到82%,显示出良好的功率特性;活性炭材料中存在一定比例的中孔不仅可以改善电极材料的功率特性,而且可以提高微孔的利用率.     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度

本文根据多年的实践检定经验 ,参照JJF1 0 59- 1 999《测量不确定度评定与表示》以及《测量不确定度表达 1 0讲》 ,对卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度进行了评定。     

盐酸浓度不确定度的评估

通过对盐酸浓度标定的过程分析，找出影响结果的各个分量，进行不确定度的评定，按照计量技术规范给出标准的表示法。     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。