基于谐波雷达的新型裂缝传感器设计

基于谐波雷达原理,设计了一种工作在基频为f0 ＝2.45GHz的无源无线裂缝传感器。该传感器介质基板采用 0.254ｍｍ厚的超薄型双面覆铜板,整体结构包括基频接收天线、谐波发射天线、整流倍频器、二次谐波带阻滤波器和发光报警电路。当传感器处于“断裂”状态时,二次谐波带阻滤波器枝节与传感器电路断开,此时传感器将二次谐波信号发送到阅读器实现远距离报警,同时传感器整流电路产生的直流信号将给后端发光报警电路供电以实现位置报警,当传感器处于“完整”状态时? 由于二次谐波带阻滤波器短路枝节的存在,使传感器产生的直流信号无法给后端电路供电,且二次谐波信号无法到达阅读器进行报警,实验结果表明,在“断裂”状态下,当发射功率为20dBm时,阅读器与传感器之间的工作距离可以达到 5.5m,传感器发光报警电路正常工作范围可达0.8m。     

用于气体检测的声表面波振荡电路设计

分析了声表面波(SAW)谐振器的性能和特点,对基于双端谐振型声表面波器件进行了振荡电路设计,采用RP1308、B433及Q284三种型号的声表面波谐振器进行了电路调试.测试结果表明,该电路能在固定频率起振,且频率跳变能够控制在30 Hz以下.本电路能够应用于多种不同谐振频率的双端谐振型声表面波气体传感器,具有广泛的应用前景.     

基于复合左右手传输线的带通滤波器小型化设计

提出了一种工作于X波段的基于复合左右手传输线理论的零阶谐振器单元.利用两个这样的零阶谐振器单元设计出一种工作于9.2 GHz～9.5 GHz的新型带通滤波器,对设计进行全波的仿真,并且将全波仿真结果和实验测量结果进行了对比.运用基于S参数的提取方法对该滤波器性能进行了理论分析.结果表明,该滤波器与基于耦合微带线形式的传...     

环形氮化铝压电MEMS谐振器的支撑结构设计研究

基于有限元仿真研究了方环和圆环形谐振器的静态位移点,并分析了支撑轴位置对谐振器性能的影响,提出了优化设计方案:对于方环形谐振器,在对角处设置双端侧向支撑以降低其锚点损耗;对于圆环形谐振器,采用单端侧向支撑以及三端底部支撑相结合的器件结构,在保证电学信号引出的同时,提升器件的品质因数Q.针对所设计的器件结构特征,设计了一...     

基于半波激励的磁调制传感器设计与验证

基于磁调制传感器的工作原理,创新性的提出了通过采用半波激励信号简化设计双磁芯磁调制传感器的方法.传统磁调制传感器是在环形磁芯一次绕组中通以完整的方波、正弦波或锯齿波作为激励信号,然后提取磁芯二次绕组中感应信号的二次谐波来对被测直流信号进行检测的,此二次谐波反映被测直流信号的大小与方向.笔者通过实验发现,若通以半波激励,可反映被测直流信号的谐波由二次谐波变为一次谐波,此时相敏检波电路参考信号无需倍频,因而在器件中可省去倍频电路.分别采用方波、正弦波和锯齿波及其相应的半波作为激励信号进行了实验分析,结果表明,半波激励可以获得更为理想的检测波形,能更好地反映被测电流的大小,提高传感器的灵敏度.     

不等基频硅微谐振式加速度计

分析了硅微谐振式加速度计的两个谐振器在谐振频率相交点附近区域产生耦合的原因,设计了一种新型的不等基频硅微谐振式加速度计,并对其进行了有限元仿真.该加速度计由质量块、放大惯性力的杠杆机构以及一对尺寸不同的谐振器组成.采用DDSOG工艺加工.利用ANSYS有限元软件进行仿真,结果表明加速度计上谐振器的谐振基频为124 67...     

基于差分后谐波检测的瓦斯浓度传感器研究

介绍了瓦斯浓度传感器系统的基本原理,提出了基于差分后谐波检测的瓦斯浓度检测模型,建立了瓦斯浓度传感器数学模型,设计了传感器系统结构,并对传感器进行了实验研究。差分后谐波检测模型利用参考光路与检测光路光强的差分消去一次谐波分量,对差分后的信号再进行二次谐波检测,最后检测二次谐波与一次谐波的比值得出气体浓度。在气室中利用起...     

基于传感器的斜拉索基频提取的混合算法研究

在对通用加速度传感器与低频加速度传感器在低频响应上的性能进行频谱检测与对比分析的基础上,对拉索基频检测的基频法和倒谱法进行组合的混合基频拾取技术进行了优化,提出了适用于斜拉桥索力基频分析的新型混合算法;该算法在保证基频分析进度不变的前提下,有效地提高了基频识别的速度和抗干扰能力,而且在嵌入式系统中进行开发实现更为有效和容易,具有较强的工程实用价值.     

基于音色模型的多基频估计方法

为了有效解决复调音乐泛音重叠问题,提出了一种基于音色模型的多基频估计方法.分析了音色的时频特征,指出衰退和维持阶段的谐波结构稳定可靠、适合基频估计.根据谐波匹配率和强度筛选候选基频,采用频谱迭代删除的方法确定确切基频.依据最小谐波匹配率删减谱线,应用比例删除机制解决泛音重叠问题.仿真实验和实际乐曲测试结果表明,该方法精度高,可广泛应用于具有稳定谐波结构的音乐信号分析之中.     

提高液体中石英晶体传器频率稳定度的方法

石英晶体传感器的动态阻抗显著增大，品质因数下降是液体阻尼负载作用的主要效果。本文从分析液体中石英晶体谐振器的相位平衡条件出发，研究了影响传感器频率稳定度的因素；由石英晶体谐振器的能量局部化效应，分析了传器液体测头设计中的问题，并由此设计在液体中工作的石英晶体传感器，实验结果表明，此传感器在液体中具有较高的频率稳定度。     

双通道压电式密度传感器的研究

在同一压电石英晶片上制备两个石英晶体谐振器 ,实验结果表明双通道之间的相互干扰可以忽略。在石英晶体表面修饰多孔TiO2 膜层 ,可大大提高传感器对液体密度的灵敏度。采用两个修饰不同厚度TiO2 膜层的双通道压电传感器的频率差作为测量信号 ,可以消除液体粘度的影响 ,并获得与液体密度有良好线性关系的工作曲线 ,实现液体密度的测定     

精密石英谐振式位移传感器

提出了用石英晶体谐振器构成的超精密位移或压力传感器的原理．由于石英晶体振荡器有超常的精度和稳定性，因而组成的位移或压力传感器也具有极高的精度和线性。还引入双晶振的差频原理，既消除了温度影响，又提高了频率变化范围，提高了测量分辨率。     

Uncooled IR imaging array based on quartz microresonators

A quartz crystal resonator's resonance frequency is sensitive to temperature. This sensitivity has been exploited in the past in thermometers made of single, macroscopic quartz resonators that can accurately detect temperature changes of μK. Using semiconductor microfabrication techniques, it is now possible to fabricate a large number of microresonators from a single quartz wafer. It is shown that combining the small thermal mass and high thermal isolation capability of such microresonators, the steep frequency versus temperature characteristics of resonators made of certain cuts of quartz and the low-noise characteristics of quartz crystal oscillators can result in high-performance infrared (IR) sensors and sensor arrays. In a microresonator sensor, the temperature change produced by the absorption of IR energy results in a frequency change that can be measured with a resolution that corresponds to a change in the resonator's temperature of less than a μK. Calculation shows that an array of microresonators in the 200 MHz-1 GHz range can be the basis of an uncooled IR imaging system with a noise equivalent temperature difference, NETD, of <0.01 K. The design and fabrication problems to be overcome before such microresonator arrays can be realized are discussed     

压电谐振力传感器零位不稳定性的机理和试验

介绍了一种研究石英谐振器力频特性的新方法,利用此方法对平面型和透镜型石英谐振器进行了对比分析,并结合这2种谐振器性能的对比分析试验,得出石英谐振器的电极质量敏感性是引起谐振器零位不稳定和频率短期不稳定的一个主要原因,理论和试验一致表明:通过改善石英谐振器的形状可使这种不稳定性降到原来的1%。     

Polymer-grafted QCM chemical sensor and application to heavy metal ions real time detection

A flow type quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) chemical sensor was developed for monitoring heavy metal ions in aqueous solutions (that is suitable for environmental monitoring). The sensor is based upon surface chelation of the metal ions at multifunctional polymer modified gold electrodes on 9 MHz AT-cut quartz resonators, functioning as a QCM. New processes have been developed which enable to obtain surface-modified gold electrodes with high heavy metal ions complexing ability. These polymer grafted QCM sensors can selectively adsorb heavy metal ions, such as copper, lead, chrome and cadmium, from solution over a wide range from 0.01 to 1000 ppm concentration by complexation with functional groups in the polymers. Cations typically present in natural water did not interfere with the detection of heavy metals. X-Ray Reflectivity (XRR) and Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF) were carried out to characterise the unmodified and modified gold surfaces as well as to verify the possibility to selectively bond and remove metal ions.     

Application of quartz tuning forks and extensional microresonators for viscosity and density measurements in oil/fuel mixtures

Real time monitoring of the physical properties of liquids is of great concern in the automotive industry. For example, tracking the viscosity of lubricating oils is of great importance because they are exposed to dilution with diesel fuel as result of late-injection processes, which are essential for regenerating diesel particulate filters. Here we describe two in-plane movement based resonators and their capability to assess oil dilution with diesel and biodiesel fuels. One of the resonators is a state-of-the-art micron-sized AlN-based rectangular plate, actuated in the first extensional mode in the MHz range. The second resonator is a commercially available millimeter-sized quartz tuning fork, working at 32.7 kHz. Electrical impedance measurements were performed to characterize the performance of both resonators in various liquid media over a wide range of viscosities. These measurements were compared with the results obtained with low-cost electronic circuits also developed in this work. In order to track density and viscosity of different fluids we have measured two parameters by various techniques: the resonance frequency and the quality factor.     

Optimization and comparison of photonic crystal resonators for silicon microcantilever sensors

Microcantilever sensors have been known as a fundamental design used in force sensors, strain sensors and biochemical sensors. The fast-growing applications in nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) lead to strong demands in new sensing mechanism in order to downsize the sensing elements to nanometer scale. Photonic crystal (PC) based resonators have been investigated as promising solutions because the bandgap structure and resonator characteristics are extremely sensitive to the deformation and position shift of holes in PC resonators. In addition to the well-known nano-cavity resonator (NCR), we proposed hexagonal nano-ring resonators (NRR) of two different layout configurations. When a microcantilever under different force loads, both of the resonant wavelength and the resonant wavelength shift can be measured as a linear function of force load. The linear relationship between wavelength shifts and strain is observed as well. The minimum detectable force and detectable strain for NRR configuration 1 is derived as small as 0.0757 μN and 0.0023%. The outstanding sensing capability renders PC resonators as a promising nanomechanical sensing element to be integrated in various transducers for NEMS applications.     

Chemical sensor based on quartz microresonators

A novel chemical sensor is proposed that consists of an array of quartz microresonators. It is shown that a microresonator can act as a quartz crystal microbalance and as a calorimeter, simultaneously, because quartz resonators can be highly sensitive to both mass and temperature changes. By applying a variety of thin-film adsorbers to the different resonators in an array and observing the pattern of frequency changes due to an unknown that is admitted into the resonator array enclosure, one can detect and identify chemical and biological agents. The total frequency change of an individual resonator will be the sum of the frequency change due to mass loading and the frequency change due to the change in temperature resulting from the heats of adsorptions or reactions. It is shown that the proposed sensor is capable of detecting on the order of 10^-6 monolayer of a material deposited onto the resonators' surfaces     

测定DMMP的PMPS-QCM传感器的研究

研究了新型敏感材料PMPS对神经性毒剂模拟剂甲基膦酸二甲酯(DMMP)的响应特性.在石英晶体微天平(QCM)的电极上滴涂上PMPS溶液得到敏感膜,发现QCM当响应、恢复时间为30-60 s时,可以产生大约11.83 Hz/ppm(ppm i.e.×10-6)的频率响应,理论上LOD为0.25 ppm(ppm i.e.×10-6),并具有较好的重复性和选择性.该实验结果表明,与PVDF相比,PMPS是一种更适宜检测DMMP的敏感材料.     

ST切型石英膜片的应力分析

通常石英膜片的应力分布是根据弹性力学薄板弯曲理论分析得到的,但所选模型及边界条件相对简单,不能满足实际工程的需要.文中的ST切型石英膜片的边界条件复杂,用弹性力学薄板弯曲理论是很难得出结果的,为此采用了有限元法对ST切型石英膜片进行应力分析,并根据其应力分布规律,得出合理安放SAW(表面波)谐振器的位置.