基于平行语料库的双语协同中文关系抽取

针对在中文资源的关系抽取中,由于中文长句句式复杂,句法特征提取难度大、准确度低等问题,提出了一种基于平行语料库的双语协同中文关系抽取方法。首先在中英双语平行语料库中的英文语料上利用英文成熟的句法分析工具,将得到依存句法特征用于英文关系抽取分类器的训练,然后与利用适合中文的n-gram特征在中文语料上训练的中文关系抽取分类器构成双语视图,最后再依靠标注映射后的平行语料库,将彼此高可靠性的语料加入对方训练语料进行双语协同训练,最终得到一个性能更好的中文关系抽取分类模型。通过对中文测试语料进行实验,结果表明该方法提高了基于弱监督方法的中文关系抽取性能,其F值提高了3.9个百分点。     

基于迁移学习的细粒度实体分类方法的研究

细粒度实体分类(Fine-grained entity type classification, FETC)旨在将文本中出现的实体映射到层次化的细分实体类别中. 近年来, 采用深度神经网络实现实体分类取得了很大进展. 但是, 训练一个具备精准识别度的神经网络模型需要足够数量的标注数据, 而细粒度实体分类的标注语料非常稀少, 如何在没有标注语料的领域进行实体分类成为难题. 针对缺少标注语料的实体分类任务, 本文提出了一种基于迁移学习的细粒度实体分类方法, 首先通过构建一个映射关系模型挖掘有标注语料的实体类别与无标注语料实体类别间的语义关系, 对无标注语料的每个实体类别, 构建其对应的有标注语料的类别映射集合. 然后, 构建双向长短期记忆(Bidirectional long short term memory, BiLSTM)模型, 将代表映射类别集的句子向量组合作为模型的输入用来训练无标注实体类别. 基于映射类别集中不同类别与对应的无标注类别的语义距离构建注意力机制, 从而实现实体分类器以识别未知实体分类. 实验证明, 我们的方法取得了较好的效果, 达到了在无任何标注语料前提下识别未知命名实体分类的目的.     

基于流程控制的汉语篇章结构语料协同标注系统

篇章分析系统性研究的开展依赖于大规模高质量的标注语料.现有标注语料以纯手工标注和单机辅助标注为主,难以满足标注效率和语料质量的需求.因此,该文提出了一套简洁的语料标注协同流程,并基于此实现了一个汉语篇章宏观结构语料协同标注系统,提供了一种流程简洁、分角色协同合作、自动流程控制、安全可靠的线上标注模式.该系统通过设立标注流程状态、收集标注流程中用户的行为数据和语料库辅助统计等方法,从流程控制角度,优化汉语宏观篇章的标注流程,实现质量管控和数据分析.项目实践表明,该系统有效减少了相关标注人员的工作量,提高了标注效率和标注质量,可为大规模、协同汉语篇章语料标注打下基础.     

一种基于Bootstrapping构建训练语料的方法

提出一种基于Bootstrapping算法构建训练语料的方法.该方法从自动标注的语料中随机选取部分语料,人工修正后生成种子集,用该种子集训练一个基于类的语言模型,然后使用该模型自动标注剩余的语料;再从剩余语料中选取部分语料进行以上处理,如此循环直到训练语料标注质量理想.实验结果表明,该方法在保证训练语料标注质量理想的情况下,能够大幅度地减少人工参与.     

基于注意力迁移的跨语言关系抽取方法

针对互联网上日渐丰富的多语言文本和匮乏大规模标注平行语料库的问题,为了从多语言的信息源挖掘语言间的关联性与扩展知识图谱,提出了基于注意力迁移的跨语言关系提取方法。首先针对语言间的实际平行语料情况,分类进行跨语言平行语料映射,并针对缺乏种子词典的低资源语言对,提出神经网络翻译模型获取目标语言数据集并保存多语言间的对应注意力权重关系,然后利用BERT端对端的联合抽取模型抽取训练数据实体关系特征,反向迁移语言间注意力权重关系,最后利用反向迁移的注意力进行增强的关系抽取。实验表明,该模型的关系提取效果相比其他模型在准确率和回归上都有所提升,在缺乏双语词典情况下也表现出较好的性能。     

基于句子级BLEU指标挑选数据的半监督神经机器翻译*

在单语语料的使用上,统计机器翻译可通过利用语言模型提高性能,而神经机器翻译很难通过这种方法有效利用单语语料.针对此问题,文中提出基于句子级双语评估替补(BLEU)指标挑选数据的半监督神经网络翻译模型.分别利用统计机器翻译和神经机器翻译模型对无标注数据生成候选翻译,然后通过句子级BLEU指标挑选单语候选翻译,加入到有标注的数据集中进行半监督联合训练.实验表明,文中方法能高效利用无标注的单语语料,在NIST汉英翻译任务上,相比仅使用精标的有标注数据单系统,文中方法BLEU值有所提升.     

基于高斯混合模型的生物医学领域双语句子对

双语术语词典在生物医学跨语言检索系统中有着非常重要的地位,而双语句子对齐是构建双语词典的第一步工作。为了构想面向生物医学领域的双语词典,该文将分类思想和迁移学习方法引入汉英句子对齐任务中,将句子对齐任务看成一个多类分类任务,考虑生物医学领域双语摘要的锚信息,利用高斯混合模型完成分类目标。同时,在模型训练过程中,该文引入了迁移学习的思想,结合无噪音的《新概念英语》双语语料对模型的句子长度特征进行训练,使得模型在测试语料上句子对齐的正确率得到较大提高。     

基于协同训练的电商领域短语挖掘

电商领域的文本通常不遵循通用领域文本的表达方式,导致传统短语挖掘方法在电商领域文本中的挖掘精度较低.为此,提出一种基于协同训练的电商领域短语挖掘方法.通过基于语义特征的短语分类模型来有效检测电商领域文本中的反序表达,构建协同训练的短语挖掘框架,以降低领域语料中标注训练数据的成本,在此基础上,利用Stacking方法集成统计模型和语义模型的优点,提升模型整体挖掘性能.在淘宝网查询语料上的实验结果表明,相比于ClassPhrase、AutoPhrase方法,该方法具有更高的精度和召回率.     

基于Tri-Training的事件关系分类方法研究

事件关系分类是一项研究事件之间存在何种逻辑关系的自然语言处理技术。针对事件关系分类任务中训练语料不足的问题,提出了基于Tri-Training的事件关系分类方法。该方法首先根据已标注的语料训练三个不同的分类器,以多数投票的方式从未标注集中抽取置信度较高的样本对训练集进行扩充,然后利用新的训练集重新训练分类器,反复迭代,不断完善分类模型,最终达到提升事件关系分类性能的目的。实验结果表明,以F1值为评价标准,基于Tri-Training的事件关系分类方法在四大类事件关系上的分类性能为64.36%。     

中文口语理解弱监督训练方法

标注数据的获取一直是有监督方法需要面临的一个难题,针对中文口语理解任务中的意图识别研究了结合主动学习和自训练、协同训练两种弱监督训练方法,提出在级联框架下,从关键语义概念识别中获取语义类特征子集和句子本身的字特征子集分别作为两个"视角"的特征进行协同训练。通过在中文口语语料上进行的实验表明:结合主动学习和自训练的方法与被动学习、主动学习相比较,可以最大限度地降低人工标注量;而协同训练在很少的初始标注数据的前提下,利用两个特征子集进行协同训练,最终使得单一字特征子集上的分类错误率平均下降了0.52%。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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