WSN中的分布式压缩感知

为了解决传统的压缩感知算法在无线传感器网络中实现的难题,首先研究了用定时器控制ADC进行随机压缩采样的压缩感知技术,实验表明,该方法有效可行。在此基础上提出了基于无线传感器网络的分布式压缩感知算法。该算法通过对随机压缩采样序列的拆分实现分布式压缩采样,最后利用合并后的采样值和CoSaMP算法完成对信号的重构。仿真和实验表明,该方法能够在星型网络拓扑中实现以1/10的标准采样频率下实现信号的重构。     

基于小波树模型的CoSaMP压缩感知算法

无线传感网络存在网络带宽限制和传感器节点的能耗问题,实际应用中通常希望可以通过重构算法从采集的少量数据中还原出原始信息,压缩感知理论为上述问题提供了一个解决思路。利用压缩感知理论,对无线传感器网络中温度传感器的监测信号进行了压缩感知的应用研究。针对传统压缩采样匹配追踪(CoSaMP)算法中测量次数多、重构精度低等问题,利用信号的小波系数所形成的连通树的结构特性,提出了基于小波树模型的压缩采样匹配追踪算法。将该算法应用到无线传感器网络监测信号的压缩感知仿真实验中,与传统压缩采样匹配追踪算法的重构性能进行比较,结果表明该算法较传统压缩采样匹配追踪算法在一定范围内对无线传感器网络中的温度信号具有更好的压缩感知性能。     

一种改进的压缩感知重构算法

压缩感知重构信号时,在感知过程中如何选定支撑集对算法的重构性能至关重要.基于压缩采样匹配(CoSaMP)重构算法,引入Dice系数匹配性度量准则,优化了支撑集的选择.上述算法改进了从给定的观测矩阵中挑选与残差信号最匹配原子的匹配准则,体现了残差信号中各个元素对原子选取的重要作用.仿真结果表明:在同等稀疏的条件下,重构算法与传统的CoSaMP算法相比,误差低于传统CoSaMP算法,且随着观测维数的增加,重构信号的平均成功概率比传统的CoSaMP算法的大,实现了较小的重构误差和更好的压缩性能.     

基于小波变换和K-SVD的应急广播语音压缩方法

针对应急广播中语音传输效率低的问题,提出了一种基于小波变换和K-奇异值分解（K-SVD）的语音压缩方法,以提升应急广播的信息传输时效性。首先,该方法舍弃语音小波分解得到的高频分量,在小波合成时用随机信号代替;其次,在低频分量的压缩感知过程中,用K-SVD字典学习算法训练的过完备字典对其稀疏表示;最后,采用改进的基于子空间回溯的广义正交匹配追踪算法重构信号。实验结果表明,在压缩效率为50%时,该方法重构应急广播语音的客观语音质量评分（PESQ）达到3.717,比其他对照算法分别提升了3%~47%,说明在保证压缩效率的同时,所提出的方法能提升应急广播语音重构质量,确保应急广播的传输时效性。     

基于双阈值的压缩采样匹配追踪改进算法

针对基于压缩感知的压缩采样匹配追踪(CoSaMP)算法迭代次数严重依赖于信号稀疏度,候选原子冗余度大,从而导致最终的支撑原子集选择时间长、选择精度低等问题,提出一种基于双阈值的压缩采样匹配追踪算法.该算法利用模糊阈值进行支撑集候选原子的选择,引入残差与观测矩阵的相关度变化阈值作为迭代停止条件,对图像进行重构.仿真实验表明,所提出的算法重构速度快,重构效果优于CoSaMP算法.     

基于压缩感知的CoSaMP算法自适应性改进

压缩感知重构算法在实际应用中需要预知信号稀疏度,而信号的稀疏度通常是未知的.为此,改进压缩采样匹配追踪(CoSaMP)算法的自适应性,提出一种稀疏度自适应贪婪算法.对信号稀疏度进行初始估计,结合SAMP算法思想,以残差值比对为终止条件,在CoSaMP算法框架下进行稀疏度逐步增大的递归运算,实现精确重构.仿真实验结果证明,该算法重构精度高、抗噪能力强,同时具备稀疏度自适应的特点.     

基于压缩感知理论的WSNs时序信号分段压缩算法

针对压缩感知理论(CS)应用在无线传感器网络中时序信号在传输过程存在压缩比率低、通信能耗高等问题,提出了一种时序信号分段压缩算法来解决在信号稀疏度未知及高稀疏度条件下,压缩感知数据重构算法中存在的重构效率低,重构精度差,影响网络生命周期的问题.该算法将采集数据中非零元素个数作为分段依据,通过减少段内非零元素组合数量来提高信号重构精度,同时利用了压缩感知理论特性实现了对信号的高压缩率.实验结果表明,在以混沌量子免疫克隆重构(Q-CSDR)算法为重构算法、在信号盲稀疏度及稀疏度高于40的条件下,能够以大于0.4的压缩比率对信号进行压缩,其重构信号的均方误差小于0.01,能够延长网络寿命2倍左右.     

基于压缩感知的信道估计技术

通信系统中的传统信道估计方法均基于多信道密集型假设,导致频谱利用率低下,压缩感知理论为解决这一问题提供了一种新的途径。本文介绍了压缩感知基本理论,探讨了压缩感知应用于信道估计的可行性,详细分析了压缩感知信道估计技术的MP算法、OMP算法、CoSaMP等几种重构算法。研究表明基于压缩感知理论的信道估计方法能利用较少的导频信号达到与传统方法相比拟的估计性能,从而提高频谱利用率。     

叠加特征信息辅助的语音传输与重构

为改善压缩语音传输系统的重构精度且不增加系统的频谱开销,提出一种叠加特征信息辅助的语音压缩传输与重构方法。提出方法首先提取稀疏语音信号的特征信息;抽取的特征信息以叠加序列方式叠加在压缩语音信号上进行传输;接收机重构时,借助特征信息辅助重构算法进行语音重构。分析与仿真结果表明,相比于传统的压缩感知语音重构方法,在较高信噪比或较低压缩率情况下,提出方法可改善语音重构精度,且不增加传输系统的频谱开销。     

压缩感知理论在语音通信系统中的应用研究

本文介绍了压缩感知理论,并把这一理论应用在语音通信系统中。根据语音信号的短时平稳性、频域的可稀疏性,采用结合DCT和FFT两种不同稀疏基的OMP重构算法对语音信号进行重构,并对重构结果进行主客观评价。实验结果表明:固定帧长和压缩感知采样率M/N对语音信号重构性能有影响;以及当M/N>0.4时,DCT稀疏基表现出更好的重构性能;当M/N<0.4时,FFT稀疏基表现出更好的重构性能。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.