L-Shape advertising for mobile video streaming services: Less intrusive while still effective

Advertising is significant in video streaming services on mobile devices, as well as in other e-business services. Advertisement providers pay part or the entire service cost; hence, users enjoy services at a low price or free of charge. However, users perceive advertisements as clutter and avoid them. To reduce advertising avoidance and enhance advertising efficiency, various methods, such as raising advertising relevance, seeking advertisement permission, or changing advertisement position, are suggested. This study introduces L-Shape advertising, a new strategy suitable for mobile video streaming services, as it is less distractive and effective. We demonstrate the superiority of L-Shape advertising compared to popular advertising formats such as skippable and non-skippable advertisements. The study empirically tests how the proposed strategy performs and examines users’ cognitive processes applying eye-tracking technology. We found that L-Shape advertising is less distractive but still effective.     

如何用PDFtoJPG 1.2.3将PDF文档转换为JPG图片

安装PDFtoJPG 1.2.3汉化版后,即可得到该软件的绿色汉化版。但是用它们转换PDF文件所得到的JPG图片上都会有试用版的水印。用十六进制编辑器WinHex V16.0.5绿色中文特别版打开PDFtoJPG.exe,将水印文字清零即可得到绿色汉化去水印版。然后将需要转换的PDF文件拖放到程序列表区,点击转换就可以得到无水印的JPG图片。     

A recommendation mechanism for contextualized mobile advertising

Mobile advertising complements the Internet and interactive television advertising and makes it possible for advertisers to create tailor-made campaigns targeting users according to where they are, their needs of the moment and the devices they are using (i.e. contextualized mobile advertising). Therefore, it is necessary that a fully personalized mobile advertising infrastructure be made. In this paper, we present such a personalized contextualized mobile advertising infrastructure for the advertisement of commercial/non-commercial activities. We name this infrastructure MALCR, in which the primary ingredient is a recommendation mechanism that is supported by the following concepts: (1) minimize users' inputs (a typical interaction metaphor for mobile devices) for implicit browsing behaviors to be best utilized; (2) implicit browsing behaviors are then analyzed with a view to understanding the users' interests in the values of features of advertisements; (3) having understood the users' interests, Mobile Ads relevant to a designated location are subsequently scored and ranked; (4) Top-N scored advertisements are recommended. The recommendation mechanism is novel in its combination of two-level Neural Network learning, Neural Network sensitivity analysis, and attribute-based filtering. This recommendation mechanism is also justified (by thorough evaluations) to show its ability in furnishing effective personalized contextualized mobile advertising.     

基于宿主权限的移动广告漏洞攻击技术

移动广告作为市场营销的一种重要手段,越来越受到应用开发者的青睐,其市场规模也日趋增大.但是,为了追求广告的精准投放和其他非法利益,移动广告给用户的隐私与财产安全也带来了很大威胁.目前,众多学者关注广告平台、广告主和移动应用的安全风险,还没有出现在广告网络中直接发起攻击的案例.本文提出一种基于宿主权限的移动广告漏洞攻击方法,能够在移动应用获取广告内容时在流量中植入攻击代码.通过对广告流量的拦截,提取出宿主应用的标识和客户端相关信息,间接得到宿主应用的权限列表和当前设备的WebView漏洞.另外,本文提出一种攻击者的能力描述语言,能够自动生成定制化的攻击载荷.实验表明,本文所提出的攻击方法能够影响到大量含有移动广告的应用,几个攻击实例的分析也证明了自动生成攻击载荷的可行性.最后,本文提出了几种防护方法和安全增强措施,包括应用标识混淆、完整性校验和中间人攻击防护技术等.     

Perception of Interactivity: Affects of Four Key Variables in Mobile Advertising

There are indications that interactivity could benefit the effectiveness of mobile advertisements. But there are few guidelines on how to design interactive mobile advertisements. This study investigated the influences of various design features of mobile advertisements on perceived interactivity and the relationship between perceived interactivity and attitude toward mobile advertisements. An experiment consisting of 2 sessions was conducted to test 5 proposed hypotheses with 40 participants. Results showed that the number of user control options and the customizability of advertisements have significant influences on users' perception of interactivity. The more options a message advertisement provides, the more interactive the participants perceive the advertisement; a customizable game advertisement is perceived as more interactive than an uncustomizable game advertisement. But no significant effects of presenting instructional information of mobile Web advertisements and including humorous elements were found. Finally, perceived interactivity was found a strong predictor of attitude toward mobile advertisement.     

Perceptual audio hashing algorithm based on Zernike moment and maximum-likelihood watermark detection

A new perceptual audio hashing algorithm based on maximum-likelihood watermarking detection is proposed in this paper. The idea is justified by the fact that the maximum-likelihood watermark detector responds similarly to perceptually close audio using a non-embedded watermark (i.e. virtual watermark). The feature vector, which is composed of the total amplitude of low-order Zernike moments of each audio frame, is modeled by the Gaussian or Rayleigh distribution. Then, the maximum-likelihood watermark detection is performed on the feature vector with the virtual watermarks generated by pseudo-random number generator to construct the hash vector. Extensive experiments over three large audio databases of different type (speech, instrumental music, and sung voice) demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed scheme in terms of discrimination, perceptual robustness and identification rate. It is also verified that the proposed scheme outperforms state-of-the-art techniques in perceptual robustness and can be applied in content-based search, successfully.     

A study of presentations of mobile web banners for location-based information and entertainment information websites

Compared to the Internet, mobile telecommunication has the characteristics of being anywhere, anytime and always online. As the growth of the Internet advertisements market slows down, there is a substantial increase in mobile advertisements. This research investigates the effectiveness of the presentation (static text and graphics, static text and graphics with audio, and animation) of mobile advertisements on the recognition of advertisements. The two types of websites for mobile advertisements - entertainment information and location-based information - are also compared. An experiment was carried out to test the proposed hypotheses. The results show that the effects of static banners with audio mobile advertisement, and animation mobile advertisement were better than static banners in advertisement recognition and memorisation. The participants of websites providing location-based information had higher advertisement attitude and purchase intention than their web-based counterparts providing entertainment information.     

A study of presentations of mobile web banners for location-based information and entertainment information websites

Compared to the Internet, mobile telecommunication has the characteristics of being anywhere, anytime and always online. As the growth of the Internet advertisements market slows down, there is a substantial increase in mobile advertisements. This research investigates the effectiveness of the presentation (static text and graphics, static text and graphics with audio, and animation) of mobile advertisements on the recognition of advertisements. The two types of websites for mobile advertisements – entertainment information and location-based information – are also compared. An experiment was carried out to test the proposed hypotheses. The results show that the effects of static banners with audio mobile advertisement, and animation mobile advertisement were better than static banners in advertisement recognition and memorisation. The participants of websites providing location-based information had higher advertisement attitude and purchase intention than their web-based counterparts providing entertainment information.     

Broadcast monitoring protocol based on secure watermark embedding

In broadcast monitoring applications, the broadcasting station and customers cannot know about the legal watermark information if a safe broadcast monitoring protocol is used. This ensures that a broadcasting station cannot transplant illegal watermark into illegal advertisements, as well as advertisers cannot replace legal watermarks with illegal ones. Current watermark protocols are not suitable for broadcast monitoring, because they mostly adopt homomorphic public-key cipher to guarantee the security of media contents and watermarks. This results in high computation and bandwidth consumption. This paper proposes a video protocol suited to broadcast monitoring. The proposed protocol uses secure watermark embedding based on partial encryption to improve the level of security and to help with decreasing computation and bandwidth consumption. The authors have also analyzed its effectiveness and listed barriers to its implementation.     

基于DWT和DCT域的二值图像数字水印算法

提出一种基于DWT和DCT域的有意义二值图像数字水印算法；利用Arnold变换对水印序列进行置乱，消除象素的空间相关性，增加水印的安全性；而结合小波变换和离散余弦变换的特性，将水印信息嵌入到图像变换域的低频和中频系数中，提高水印的鲁棒性和不可见性；实验证明该算法具有较好的抗压缩、抗噪音和抗剪切性。     

移动agent在数字水印中的应用

数字水印是数据安全技术中最有发展前景的技术之一。但是如何有效地在大型网络中检测数字水印,是一个具有挑战性的问题。文中提出一种基于移动agent的数字水印模型。移动agent可以自动在网络中的主机间巡游,检测水印和收集证据,并可以在发现非法使用时采取相应行动。     

基于小波零树的图像自适应水印算法

基于小波零树特性的视觉感知度模型的优化方案,给出了两种水印算法:一种算法嵌入的是高斯序列水印,通过相关检测实现盲检测;另一种算法嵌入的是二值图像水印,水印的提取是非盲提取。这两种算法在所有重要小波系数(包括最低频系数)中嵌入水印,以达到最大化水印嵌入量的目的,并结合感知度模型在水印的透明性和鲁棒性之间实现了较好的平衡,对于常见的图像处理操作,特别是对于JPEG和小波压缩均有较好的鲁棒性。     

Electronic content delivery and forensic watermarking

Today, digital content distribution is already common practice for media types like audio. It is expected that in the near future, systems like Video-on-Demand will also increase in popularity. Many Digital Right Management (DRM) models exist enforcing the copyrights associated with the distributed content. We argue that a simplified model based on so-called forensic watermarks is a viable alternative approach that closely mimics the current model of physical music and video distribution by providing a reasonable compromise between the conflicting interests of consumers and content owners. In this paper, we address the forensic watermark DRM model and introduce a generalized architecture for the distribution server and the forensic watermark tracker. In this model, important attack scenarios are identified as being the ‘copy attack’ and the watermark ‘rendering’. We show that it is more difficult to successfully work out these attack scenarios by (i) integrating a content identification and watermarking system and (ii) making the watermark (both the carrier signal as well as the payload) content dependent. In addition to these security aspects, we also focus on efficiency of the distribution server. By separating the computational efforts in so-called pre-coding and on-line computational phases, the required signal processing resources of the distribution server can be reduced significantly. The general architecture including security and efficiency requirements are analyzed in a practical example of Electronic Music Delivery (EMD). We show that computational complexity can be reduced up to a factor 4 compared to a straightforward approach. In practice, it means that with current state-of-the art computers (Pentium IV, 1 GHz) watermark embedding speeds of about 40 times Real Time (RT) can be achieved. In addition to the embedding architecture, we also demonstrate an efficient method for detecting watermarks in a forensic watermark tracker. Having multimedia identification fingerprints available (required for working with content-dependent watermarks), the efficiency of watermark detection can be enhanced by using them as side information. Again, in our EMD prototype, we demonstrate that (depending on the parameter settings) the detector can run up to 50 times faster than a blind detector, in which the original or the fingerprint is not available.     

Emotional Factors in Advertising Via Mobile Phones

Advertising delivered via mobile phones constitutes a promising approach to marketing because it enables easy targeting, content personalization, and interactive communication. We conducted a laboratory experiment with 48 participants using a 24-item structured questionnaire about important emotional components involved in using mobile phones for advertising. The data revealed 3 factors that explained 63% of the total variance. Factor 1 included activation, restfulness, desire, affection, gratitude, and urgency. Factor 2 included anger, fear, sadness, and irritation. Factor 3 included skepticism and boredom. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that boredom accounted for 45% of the variance in attitudes toward the advertisements. These findings imply that low-intensity negative feelings are important contributors to the success of advertisements presented on mobile phones and that engagingness is the most important emotional component in effective cell phone advertising.     

浅析广告文化的传播效应

广告凭借独特的审美情趣和移情功能．成为社会文化必不可少的一部分。深刻地影响着现代人的价值观念、生活方式和审美情感。广告兼具正面和负面的双重效应,要保证广告文化传播的正确导向性,需要深刻认识广告的社会责任,定位广告的文化目标。尽量营造出良好的社会文化氛围。文章从现代广告文化的主要表现形式入手．分析了广告文化的正面作用,揭露了当前广告文化传播的负面效应,并以此为基础提出了克服广告文化负面效应的具体要求,旨在使读者了解强化广告文化传播正面效应的必要性。     

基于聚类分析的微博广告发布者识别

微博空间存在大量的广告内容,这些信息严重影响着普通用户的用户体验和相关的研究工作。现有研究多使用支持向量机（SVM）或随机森林等分类算法对广告微博进行处理,然而分类方法中人工标注大数据量训练集存在困难,因此提出基于聚类分析的微博广告发布者识别方法：对于用户维度,针对微博广告发布者通过发布大量普通微博来稀释其广告内容的现象,提出核心微博的概念,通过提取核心微博主题及其对应的微博序列,计算用户特征和对应微博的文本特征,并使用聚类算法对特征进行聚类,从而识别微博广告发布者。实验结果显示,所提方法准确率为92%,召回率为97%,F值为95%,证明所提方法在广告内容被人为稀释的情况下能准确地识别微博广告发布者,可以为微博垃圾信息识别、清理等工作提供理论支持和实用方法。     

基于数字水印和加密技术的Internet音乐保护

提出了一种基于数字水印和加密技术的Internet音乐保护方法,并针对两种适用于Internet在线传输的音乐格式：压缩音乐和MIDI,提出了两种快速和鲁棒性强的数字水印加入方法,以保护Internet在线音乐的知识产权。对于压缩音乐,采用部分解压来加入水印且加入方法与音乐内容紧密相关;对于MIDI,水印被加在一些虚拟音符中,这些虚拟音符随机地隐藏在MIDI音符中。     

Wavelet-based image watermarking with visibility range estimation based on HVS and neural networks

This work proposes a wavelet-based image watermarking (WIW) technique, based on the human visible system (HVS) model and neural networks, for image copyright protection. A characteristic of the HVS, which is called the just noticeable difference (JND) profile, is employed in the watermark embedding to enhance the imperceptibility of the technique. First, we derive the allowable visibility ranges of the JND thresholds for all coefficients of a wavelet-transformed image. The WIW technique exploits the ranges to compute the adaptive strengths to be superimposed in the wavelet coefficients while embedding watermarks. An artificial neural network (ANN) is then used to memorize the relationships between the original wavelet coefficients and its watermark version. Consequently, the trained ANN is utilized for estimating the watermark without the original image. Many existing schemes require the original image to be involved in the calculation of the JND profile of the image. Finally, computer simulations demonstrate that both transparency and robustness of the WIW technique are superior to that of other proposed methods.     

Audience targeting by B-to-B advertisement classification: A neural network approach

As marketing communications proliferate, the ability to target the right audience for a message is of ever-increasing importance. Audience targeting practices for mass media, both in research and in industry, have tended to emphasize demographics, behavior, and other characteristics of customer groups as the bases for matching communications to audiences. These approaches overlook the opportunity to leverage the nature of advertising content, by automatically matching advertisement content to appropriate media channels and target audience. We model the semantic and sentiment content of advertisements with 103 variables. Based on these variables, a neural network classifier is used to assign advertisements to groups that represent different media channels. In its ability to classify unseen advertisements, the model outperforms the classification result generated by a random model, by 100–300%. This method also enables us to identify and describe divergent advertisement characteristics, by industry.