高阶统计量在系统理论中的应用

高阶统计量是研究非高斯过程、非最小相位系统和非线性系统的有力工具,近年来引起了 国内外学者的普遍关注.本文就高阶统计量在系统理论中的应用现状进行简要的综述.     

高阶统计量方法及应用研究

高阶统计量方法是近几年国内外信号处理领域内的一个前沿课题，它包含了二阶统计量没有的大量丰富信息，广泛应用于所有需要考虑非高斯性、非最小相位、有色噪声、非线性或循环平稳性的各类问题中。凡是使用功率谱或相关函数进行分析与处理，而又未得到满意结果的任何问题都值得重新使用高阶统计量方法。高阶统计量的发展与应用是信号处理领域近年来一个十分重要的发展，是现代信号处理的核心内容之     

高阶统计量在心音信号检测与分析中的应用

介绍一种心音信号检测系统和采用高阶统计量对信号进行分析的方法，首先根据心音信号的特点，讨论了信号检测系统的结构，在信号处理方面，采用现代谱估计方法对心音信号进行谱分析，在此基础上提出应用双谱技术分析心音信号，检测信号的相位耦合信息，进而说明利用高阶统计量能够在高斯噪声背景下大大提高信号检测能力，最后，给出心音信号的双谱估计结果，从中可以得到一般功率谱分析无法得到的有关信息，为心音信号的自动分类提供     

基于MCC的鲁棒高阶CKF在组合导航中的应用

针对高阶容积卡尔曼滤波器在非高斯噪声情况下滤波精度下降的问题,提出了一种新的基于Maximum Correntropy Criterion（MCC）的鲁棒高阶容积卡尔曼滤波算法。考虑到高阶容积规则可以较好地解决非线性问题,在高阶容积滤波的基础上,结合统计线性回归模型对量测更新过程进行重构,利用MCC估计算法实现状态的量测更新,同时解决了系统的非线性和非高斯问题。将所提算法应用到SINS/GPS组合导航系统中,仿真结果表明,核宽的选取对算法的滤波性能有较大的影响,在高斯混合噪声条件下,所提算法相比传统高阶容积卡尔曼滤波算法具有更强的鲁棒性和更高的滤波精度。     

一种新的神经模糊系统及其应用

为了解决非高斯非线性系统的辨识问题,提出一种新型神经模糊系统,应用微分中值定理和Weierstrass定理证明了新系统具有通用逼近性.为验证其效能,已将其应用于油田试井压力的建模和预报,取得很好效果.     

基于云模型以约束为中心的复杂系统定性建模

针对以约束为中心的复杂系统仿真中缺乏有效的不确定性信息描述方法,导致仿真中不确定性信息不能充分利用的问题,借鉴和采纳云模型的相关理论和方法,研究了以约束为中心基于云模型的复杂系统定性建模方法。首先提出了仿真中基于云模型的不确定信息表示方法、基于云模型和群体专家决策的量空间构建方法;然后给出了基于云模型的系统定性约束方程的构建方法;最后将提出的建模方法应用于一个敏捷供应链的建模实例。结果表明提出的建模方法具有客观表达不确定信息、将定性与定量信息在仿真中相互融合的优点。     

基于知识图谱与深度涟漪网络的推荐系统

利用知识图谱和深度学习进行推荐的方法得到了广泛的研究和应用，但是大多数推荐模型对物品表示建模不够完整，也未能全面捕捉和充分利用用户及物品的高阶交互信息。针对用户特征和物品特征高阶表示的提取问题，对用户与物品间的交互信息和知识图谱的关联信息进行联合提取，提出一种知识图谱交叉涟漪网络(KGCRN)。利用涟漪网络传播对用户偏好和物品特征进行建模，同时丰富两者的表示，提升推荐的性能。此外，设计一种改进的交叉压缩单元处理涟漪网络的输出，利用涟漪网络传播和交叉压缩单元的高阶特征交互获得准确、全面的物品高阶表示，提高模型推荐精度并增强模型应对数据稀疏场景的能力。在MovieLens-20M、Book-Crossing和Last.FM数据集上的实验结果表明，与KGCN、libFM、CKE等基线方法相比，KGCRN在点击通过率预测、Top-K推荐和应对数据稀疏场景下的性能均得到显著提升，其中，相比KGCN，点击通过率预测实验中KGCRN的AUC增益分别提高0.4、5.1、2.4个百分点，F1值分别提升3.29、2.86、0.96个百分点。     

深圳市统计办公自动化系统建设与实施

本文以深圳市统计信息局内办公自动化建设为背景,探讨了统计办公自动化系统设计理论与方法,总结了深圳市统计信息局办公自动化系统建设和应用的实践经验,为国内统计部门的办公自动化系统建设提供了参考依据。     

数据与未建模动态驱动的非线性PID切换控制

本文充分利用系统的数据信息和知识,把数据驱动控制、PID控制与一步超前最优控制策略相结合,提出了数据与未建模动态驱动的非线性PID切换控制方法.该方法首先利用被控对象往往运行在工作点附近的特点及系统丰富可测的数据信息,把被控对象表示成低阶控制器设计模型与高阶非线性项(未建模动态)和的形式.与以往方法的本质区别在于,所提的方法直接将未建模动态分解为前一拍数据与未知增量的和,并充分利用未建模动态可测数据信息补偿系统未知的非线性动态特性,设计非线性PID控制器,对未建模动态的未知增量采用自适应神经模糊推理系统(ANFIS)进行估计,从而设计带有未建模动态增量估计的非线性PID控制器.将控制器的跟踪误差引入切换指标,两个控制器通过切换机制协调控制系统,既保证系统的稳定,同时提高系统的性能.为解决PID控制器参数难以选择的问题,采用一步超前最优控制策略进行参数设计,从理论上给出了PID控制器参数选择的一般原则和方法,推导了保证闭环系统输入输出稳定性的条件;最后,通过数值仿真实验以及在水箱液位控制系统的物理对比实验,实验结果验证了所提算法的有效性和实用性.     

多输入–多输出非线性系统的特征模型及在挠性卫星姿态控制中的应用

研究多输入–多输出（MIMO）高阶非仿射非线性系统的特征建模问题.首先证明了MIMO高阶非仿射非线性系统的特征模型可用二阶时变差分方程组描述,并给出了特征模型的建模误差.然后设计了基于特征模型的自适应模糊广义预测控制器,利用Lyapunov方法分析了闭环系统的稳定性.由于控制结构中使用了分层模糊逻辑系统,从而极大减少了模糊规则和可调参数的个数,提高了控制的实时性.通过对挠性卫星姿态控制的仿真研究验证了所给控制方案的有效性,可实现高精度的姿态控制,且该方法具有较强的鲁棒性.     

HOS规格说明的功能理解及其应用

本文给出了ＨＯＳ方法学中基本控制结构ＪＯＩＮ、ＩＮＣＬＵＤＥ、ＯＲ和复合控制结构ＣＯＪＯＩＮ、ＣＯＩＮＣＬＵＤＥ及ＣＯＯＲ的语义构造规则．以此为基础，提出了一种层次武功能理解方法，并讨论了其在ＨＯＳ规格说明的语义验证和复用方面的应用．     

Diagnosis of poor control-loop performance using higher-order statistics

Higher-order statistical (HOS) techniques were first proposed over four decades ago. This paper is concerned with higher-order statistical analysis of closed-loop data for diagnosing the causes of poor control-loop performance. The main contributions of this work are to utilize HOS tools such as cumulants, bispectrum and bicoherence to develop two new indices: the non-Gaussianity index (NGI) and the nonlinearity index (NLI) for detecting and quantifying non-Gaussianity and nonlinearity that may be present in regulated systems, and to use routine operating data to diagnose the source of nonlinearity. The new indices together with some graphical plots have been found to be useful in diagnosing the causes of poor performance of control loops. Successful applications of the proposed method are demonstrated on simulated as well as industrial data. This study clearly shows that HOS-based methods are promising for closed-loop performance monitoring.     

Feature extraction for ECG heartbeats using higher order statistics of WPD coefficients

This paper describes feature extraction methods using higher order statistics (HOS) of wavelet packet decomposition (WPD) coefficients for the purpose of automatic heartbeat recognition. The method consists of three stages. First, the wavelet package coefficients (WPC) are calculated for each different type of ECG beat. Then, higher order statistics of WPC are derived. Finally, the obtained feature set is used as input to a classifier, which is based on k-NN algorithm. The MIT-BIH arrhythmia database is used to obtain the ECG records used in this study. All heartbeats in the arrhythmia database are grouped into five main heartbeat classes. The classification accuracy of the proposed system is measured by average sensitivity of 90%, average selectivity of 92% and average specificity of 98%. The results show that HOS of WPC as features are highly discriminative for the classification of different arrhythmic ECG beats.     

控制系统性能诊断—高阶统计量方法

针对控制系统性能的下降将直接导致设备、生产过程的异常，以及产品质量下降的问题，通过对某矿长钢丝绳胶带输送机尾部张力控制系统的分析，研究了控制系统性能的诊断问题。采用高阶统计量方法来分析控制系统性能下降的原因，提出了诊断控制系统性能下降原因的算法，并将该算法应用于实际工业系统。结果显示，高阶统计量包含了丰富的信息，能有效地反映非线性程度的强弱，在控制系统性能诊断方面具有一定的优越性，说明了该算法的可行性和有效性。     

一种规则和贝叶斯方法相结合的文本自动分类策略

文本自动分类技术是信息处理领域的重要研究方向,在介绍文本分类应用以及其关键技术的同时,讨论了几种文本分类方法,并且在对这些分类方法分析的基础上,提出了一种规则和统计相结合的文本自动分类策略。该策略通过规则方法来放宽贝叶斯方法所要求的强独立性假设条件,同时当规则不能满足时,可以通过贝叶斯方法来得到更好的分类结果。     

多传感器信息融合技术探析

多传感器信息融合是一门涉及信号处理、信息论、人工智能、模糊数学等理论的多学科交叉技术,被广泛应用于军事和民用领域。文章介绍了多传感器信息融合的概念,描述了多传感器信息融合的功能模型、主要方法和应用,并对其发展趋势进行了分析。     

The advantages of directly identifying continuous-time transfer function models in practical applications

The direct identification and estimation of continuous-time models from sampled data is now mature. This paper does not present any new methodology, nor does it compare the performance of existing methods. Its main aim is to discuss the advantages of direct, continuous-time model identification with the help of illustrative examples that are all based on real data from practical applications. Although the specific method of statistical parameter estimation is relatively unimportant in this regard, the latest and most sophisticated time domain identification algorithm that is freely available to the reader is used in these examples in order to ensure that the results reflect the best performance that can be achieved at this time by time-domain identification.     

A novel Parkinson’s Disease Diagnosis Index using higher-order spectra features in EEG signals

Higher-order spectra (HOS) is an efficient feature extraction method used in various biomedical applications such as stages of sleep, epilepsy detection, cardiac abnormalities, and affective computing. The motive of this work was to explore the application of HOS for an automated diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) using electroencephalography (EEG) signals. Resting-state EEG signals collected from 20 PD patients with medication and 20 age-matched normal subjects were used in this study. HOS bispectrum features were extracted from the EEG signals. The obtained features were ranked using t value, and highly ranked features were used in order to develop the PD Diagnosis Index (PDDI). The PDDI is a single value, which can discriminate the two classes. Also, the ranked features were fed one by one to the various classifiers, namely decision tree (DT), fuzzy K-nearest neighbor (FKNN), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), naive bayes (NB), probabilistic neural network (PNN), and support vector machine (SVM), to choose the best classifier using minimum number of features. We have obtained an optimum mean classification accuracy of 99.62%, mean sensitivity and specificity of 100.00 and 99.25%, respectively, using the SVM classifier. The proposed PDDI can aid the clinicians in their diagnosis and help to test the efficacy of drugs.

     

面向血液循环系统仿真的全身血管重建

血管的点云数据表示在医疗中有着重要的作用,可以帮助医护人员直观地了解血管的几何信息.对于医疗辅助技术、放射学模拟等应用中,除了对局部的血管系统几何信息进行可视之外,也需要对全身血管进行准确的仿真建模,从而对整体血管系统的拓扑及几何信息都需要进行系统性的重建.传统骨架提取技术无法保证血管模型正确的连接拓扑,提出了一种基于点云数据的交互式全身血管模型重建方法,通过对血管数据分段和拟合,并分析各段血管端点连接情况,重建了一种带有血管截面半径信息的全身血管一维骨架模型,且该模型能直接用于血流血压等仿真.与已有方法相比,其优势在于能应用于大规模的复杂的全身血管点云数据,且重建的模型可以直接用于仿真.BodyParts3D数据集下实验结果表明,与已有方法相比,文中方法重建的全身血管一维骨架模型具有准确的拓扑连接,能够生成更好的仿真效果.     

Rule-based inference and decomposition for distributed in-network processing in wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks are application specific and necessitate the development of specific network and information processing architectures that can meet the requirements of the applications involved. A common type of application for wireless sensor networks is the event-driven reactive application, which requires reactive actions to be taken in response to events. In such applications, the interest is in the higher-level information described by complex event patterns, not in the raw sensory data of individual nodes. Although the central processing of information produces the most accurate results, it is not an energy-efficient method because it requires a continuous flow of raw sensor readings over the network. As communication operations are the most expensive in terms of energy usage, the distributed processing of information is indispensable for viable deployments of applications in wireless sensor networks. This method not only helps in reducing the total amount of packets transmitted in the network and the total energy consumed by the sensor nodes, but also produces scalable and fault-tolerant networks. For this purpose, we present two schemes that distribute information processing to appropriate nodes in the network. These schemes use reactive rules, which express relations between event patterns and actions, in order to capture reactive behavior. We also share the results of the performance of our algorithms and the simulations based on our approach that show the success of our methods in decreasing network traffic while still realizing the desired functionality.