MANET中基于邻居节点的重传控制算法

针对移动Ad hoc网络传统重传机制存在的局限性,提出了一种新的重传控制算法(EX-TCGM),利用传输路径上的邻居节点传输丢失的数据包,使得路由上的任何节点都能够重传;并从理论上对该算法的有效性进行了分析。通过仿真,与按需距离矢量路由协议(AODV)、机会路由协议(ExOR)和基于分组移动的传输控制方法(TCGM)进行了性能对比和分析,EX-TCGM相对原协议在端到端平均时延和吞吐量上有所提高,数据包平均成功传输率相对其他协议显著增加。     

3G速率下移动自组网AODV路由协议性能分析

研究了在3G网络数据传输速率下路由协议AODV(AdHoc按需距离矢量路由)的性能。模拟结果分析了不同数据传输速率下报文丢失率、路由发现频率、端到端的时延,结果表明随着通信节点移动速率的增加此三项指标值都变大。模拟结果为移动自组网与3G网络的结合提供了参考。     

面向车载网的基于接收率的节点选择的多跳路由协议

VANETs车载网是一种大型的复杂网络,具有节点高速移动、拓扑频繁变化等特性。多跳路由被广泛应用于VANETs,其通过广播请示消息REQ(Request)选取下一跳转发节点。然而,不断广播REQ降低了信道的可用性,增加了网络拥堵率。为此,提出基于RBNS(reception rate based node selection)路由方案。该RBNS在决策路由时无需广播REQ消息,源节点只需通过每个节点的reception rate信息,选择下一跳转发节点。同时,REQ仅向离目的节点近的节点方向传播,在节点的一跳通信范围仅传输一次,从而减少了路由跳数和REQ消息数量。仿真结果表明,RBNS在吞吐量、数据包丢失率和数据包碰撞率方面均得到有效的提升。     

基于蚁群优化的AdHoc网络生存时间和其他网络性能平衡路由协议

本文提出了基于蚁群优化(ACO)算法的Ad Hoc网络生存时间和其他网络性能平衡路由协议(ABEAR)。协议按需发送人工蚂蚁进行路由发现,综合节点残留的信息素浓度、下一跳节点剩余能量、节点周围链路质量和拥塞情况选择下一跳节点来转发数据包,尽量避开信道使用频率较高的路径,减少了因信道冲突、数据包丢失和数据包重传所造成的能量损失,还缩短了网络传输时延,提高了网络吞吐量。协议还采用跨层机制根据MAC层通信活动情况,在保证网络连通性的前提下使部分空闲节点转入睡眠状态来节省能量消耗。仿真表明,与AODV协议相比,ABEAR协议在网络生存时间、数据包交付率和端到端平均时延方面均有较大改善。     

基于演化图论的可靠的VANETs路由协议

车载网络（VANETs）属于移动无线网络的特例,具有鲜明的特性。传统无线网络的路由协议难以直接应用于VANETs。节点的高速移动,引起网络拓扑动态变化,导致VANETs的通信链路频繁断裂。高动态网络的链路可靠性问题引起广泛的关注。为此,针对高速公路VANETs的路由可靠性进行分析,对演化图论进行扩展,建立扩展后的演化图论模型（EEGM）,并利用EEGM获取VANETs拓扑的动态信息,从而预先获取可靠路由的信息。在此基础上,提出基于演化图论的可靠路由协议（EG-RAODV）。仿真结果表明,与同类的其他协议相比,提出的路由协议在分组传输率、端到端传输时延、路由请求消息率以及链路断裂数方面得到了提升。     

一种节点独立的MANET网络多径路由协议

论文提出了一种基于AODV(adhocon-demanddistancevector)的节点独立多径路由协议NDM(NodeDisjointMultipath),NDM在路由发现过程中记录每跳信息,这样一方面能够发现节点独立的多径路由,别一方面也很简单地解决了路由环路的问题。论文还从理论上探讨了多径路由个数的问题,通过仿真表明NDM在节点移动速度较高时数据包投送率、端端平均时延、路由发现频率等方面都明显优于标准的AODV协议。     

一种Ad hoc网络按需路由协议的设计

Ad hoc网络中节点移动,网络拓扑不稳定,特别是对于节点高速移动的Adhoc网络来说网络性能下降问题更为突出.为此,设计了一种基于路径稳定率的按需路由的协议,新协议选择源目节点间稳定性高且跳数少的路径进行数据分组的转发.以经典的按需路由协议AODV为原型,并在此基础上进行改进,扩展为PS-AODV(Path Stability AODV).性能分析的结果表明.在节点高速运动的重负载Adhoc网络中,该协议显著减少了中断路由的修复时间,提高了端到端分组投递率,在端到端传输时延相近的情况下显著改善端到端时延抖动,对于那些时延敏感的应用有重要的参考价值.     

避免路由断裂的优化AODV路由协议

移动自组网(MANET)中,节点的移动容易引起链路失效,传统的按需距离矢量(AODV)路由算法的本地修复机制局限于在链路断裂后进行,如果修复失败或者过慢,可能导致缓存的数据包丢失。针对这一问题,提出一种避免路由断裂的优化AODV路由算法ARB-AODV,该算法首先对即将断裂的链路进行预测,然后计算有关节点的相对稳定度,将稳定性较高的节点插入即将断裂的链路中,以消除节点的边缘效应来避免路由断裂。在NS-2平台下采用随机路点移动模型(RWM)和恒定比特率(CBR)数据源进行实验,在节点的移动速度大于10m/s时,ARB-AODV算法的分组投递率保持在80%以上,其平均端到端时延比AODV算法降低了40%,归一化路由开销比AODV算法降低了15%。仿真结果表明,ARB-AODV优于AODV,能有效提高网络性能。     

基于链路时间预测的移动Ad Hoc网路由

移动Ad Hoc网络是一种自组织、无基础设施的网络。而节点的自由移动促使链路频繁的断裂。为此,提出基于链路连通时间预测路由LDPR(Link Duration-Prediction-based Routing)。LDPR路由先通过节点运动信息,预测链路的连通时间。然后,再依据链路的连通时间计算路由生成时间,并选择两条路由生成时间长的路由协同传输数据,一条路由作为主路由,另一条路由作为备用路由。通过双路由机制,提高数据包的传输效率。实验数据表明,相比于传统的按需距离矢量AODV(Ad Hoc On-demand Distance Vector)路由,LDPR路由在吞吐量和端到端传输时延方面的性能得到有效改善。     

VANET城市场景下一种优化的地理信息路由协议

车辆的高速移动以及城市场景中的障碍物使得车辆间的通信链路变得异常脆弱。而现有的多数地理信息并没有考虑链路的稳定、可靠性,产生了高的数据包丢失率和高的数据包传输时延,降低了网络性能。为此,提出了一种优化的地理信息路由协议IGR(Improved geographical)。IGR协议在数据包转发过程中,考虑了源车辆离候选车辆间的相对移动方向、候选车辆离目的车辆的距离以及beacon接收率,尊重车辆间无线链路的不稳定性事实。IGR协议择优选择具有稳定链路的车辆作为下一跳数据包转发节点。最后,评估了提出的IGR协议,并与现有的地理信息路由进行比较分析。结果表明,提出的IGR协议在数据包传输时延、数据包传输率性能优于GPCR和RBVT-R协议。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。