具有副本抑制能力的多跳无线网络路由协议

针对多跳无线网络中机会路由的副本传输问题,提出一种新的机会路由协议。提出的策略不再简单采用单跳广播的方式转发数据,而是通过节点间的距离确定转发开销,再让数据包携带下一跳候选节点信息并根据候选节点的ACK选择下一跳节点,从而保证了每个数据包只有一个候选节点进行转发。仿真结果显示,提出的方案能减少不必要的传输行为,有效改善了网络吞吐率。     

面向城市环境VANETS的基于beacon控制的路由协议

车载网络(Vehicular ad hoc networks,VANETs)是一种特殊形式的网络,具有节点高速移动、拓扑频繁的变化的特性,这些特性为消息的传播带来挑战,路由机制是实现消息传递的关键因素;地理位置路由被广泛地应用于VANETS,要求节点周期广播beacon消息;然而,节点周期地广播beacon消息,降低了路由性能,特别是在城市区域,由于节点密集,每个节点均广播beacon消息,恶化了路由性能;为此,针对城市环境,提出基于beacon控制的路由协议RPBC(Routing protocol with beacon control);在RPBC中,并非每个节点广播beacon消息,而设置有效的机制选择部分节点广播,从而降低了beacon冗余,同时,采用最短路径算法,减少数据传输跳数;仿真结果表明,提出的RBPC在分组投递率、端到端传输时延以及路由开销方面均有较好的性能。     

能量均衡的ZigBee路由算法优化研究

传统的ZigBee路由算法存在泛洪式路由请求(Routing Request, RREQ)消耗网络大量能量和网络内节点能耗不均等问题,缩短了网络生存周期。本文提出一种优化选取转发节点的能量均衡路由算法。在路由发现阶段限制RREQ广播半径,路由选择阶段通过多目标优化选取最佳下一跳节点,并且通过节点间周期性交换休眠时序,实现同步低功耗路由机制。基于NS-2.35的实验结果表明,与传统的ZigBee路由算法相比,本算法可以提高数据包的平均到达率,减少数据包的平均端到端延迟和保持网络内节点能量平衡,进而延长网络生存时间。     

基于水压的水下传感网络的选播路由协议

在水下传感网络中,由于传感节点的移动以及节点带宽和能量受限,设计从移动节点至声纳浮标的有效选播路由协议存在挑战.为此,提出一种基于水压的水下传感网络的选播路由HPAR(Hydraulic-Pressure-based Anycast Routing)协议.HPAR协议通过水压决策路由,并依据数据包权重,择优选择下一跳转发节点.当传感节点需要传输数据包时,HPAR协议就利用数据包优先权值ADV(ADVancement)构建候选转发集,再利用归一化的权值NADV(Normalized ADVance)评估候选转发集内节点成为下一跳节点的"适度性",然后,将候选转发集划分不同的簇,使得簇内的节点均在彼此的通信范围内,再计算每个簇的期望权值EPA(Expected Packet Advanced),具有最大EPA的簇成为下一跳转发簇,最后,再利用定时器抑制冗余数据包数,并优化定时参数.仿真结果表明,提出的HPAR协议有效地提高数据包传输率、降低冗余数据包数.     

基于历史效用的机会网络路由算法

针对机会网络中传统的概率路由协议投递率较低的问题,提出一种基于历史相遇预测的改进概率路由(HMPR)算法。该算法根据节点历史接触时间和接触频率两个因素,预测数据包成功投递到目的节点的效用值,通过比较其效用值大小来决定数据包是否转发到下一跳节点。仿真结果表明,与传统的传染路由和概率路由相比,该路由在数据包投递率、平均延迟时间和平均缓存时间方面比上述两个路由协议的性能更好。     

无线多跳通信网络中基于贝叶斯概率模型的消息转发机制研究

无线多跳通信网络依赖多节点中继实现信息传输,因不需要依赖预先架设的基础设施而成为军用及民用领域等特殊应用场景下的重要通信方式。为了能在复杂及恶劣环境下组网,信源节点往往采用全网广播路由请求分组RREQ的泛洪方法,以提高多跳转发路径构建成功率。然而,全网泛洪广播产生消息的冗余转发和重叠效应引起节点能耗的上升和信道利用率的下降,导致分组碰撞与网络拥塞概率的上升,严重时可能造成网络瘫痪而失去效用。本文基于贝叶斯概率论设计了无线多跳通信网络的消息转发模型,通过计算节点密度和后验概率在保证网络连通性的条件下减少不必要的消息转发。基于NS2的仿真结果表明,本文所提出的基于贝叶斯概率模型的消息转发机制能够有效减小广播分组的重播次数。相比于同类算法,在基本保证网络吞吐量的前提下,可以有效降低能量消耗、路由开销,并提高分组成功交付率,从而为未来广域大规模动态多跳网络部署提供技术支撑。     

一种基于方向优先的车载Ad hoc路由策略*

针对城市车载网络在十字路口路由选择效率低下的问题,结合已有的地理位置路由协议,提出一种基于方向优先的地理位置路由策略。该策略通过信标的广播信息确定节点的类型,是属于普通节点、预测节点或者十字路口节点;然后再判断采取什么样的方式转发数据包,普通节点采取贪婪转发的方式,预测节点采取受限的贪婪转发,而十字路口节点决定路由策略的方向。通过NS2仿真分析,该路由策略能够以更少的跳数、更短的路径成功传递数据包。     

UWSNs中基于深度的抑制空洞路由优化算法

针对传统的水下无线传感器网络(UWSNs)的位置路由存在路由空洞问题,提出了基于深度的抑制空洞路由(DSVR)的UWSNs路由协议.DSVR协议通过融合跳数、物理距离和邻居数多个指标决策路由.为了提高通信可靠和缓解路由空洞,DSVR协议选择具有最小跳数路径、最少邻居数的节点作为下一跳转发节点.同时,DSVR协议利用定时器抑制冗余数据包.仿真结果表明:提出的DSVR协议能有效地提高数据包传递率,并降低端到端传输时延以及能耗.     

基于蚁群优化的AdHoc网络生存时间和其他网络性能平衡路由协议

本文提出了基于蚁群优化(ACO)算法的Ad Hoc网络生存时间和其他网络性能平衡路由协议(ABEAR)。协议按需发送人工蚂蚁进行路由发现,综合节点残留的信息素浓度、下一跳节点剩余能量、节点周围链路质量和拥塞情况选择下一跳节点来转发数据包,尽量避开信道使用频率较高的路径,减少了因信道冲突、数据包丢失和数据包重传所造成的能量损失,还缩短了网络传输时延,提高了网络吞吐量。协议还采用跨层机制根据MAC层通信活动情况,在保证网络连通性的前提下使部分空闲节点转入睡眠状态来节省能量消耗。仿真表明,与AODV协议相比,ABEAR协议在网络生存时间、数据包交付率和端到端平均时延方面均有较大改善。     

基于低占空比的机会汇聚树路由协议

针对无线传感器网络(WSN)中存在节点剩余能量不足而导致的路由失效问题,提出一种基于低占空比的汇聚树机会路由算法CTOR。在CTOR中,首先根据网络的传输质量需求确定路由候选节点集;然后,节点以广播方式向所有候选节点传输数据包,收到数据包的候选节点再以一定概率转发该数据包,转发成功的候选节点即为选定的路由节点。概率的引进保证了高数据传输质量与轻网络负载;同时,网关节点发送时间同步控制信息以达到全网时间同步的目的;节点根据固定占空比进行休眠切换,以减少节点的能量消耗,延长网络的生存周期。仿真实验表明,基于低占空比的协议可有效地避免网络空洞问题,延长网络的生存周期;同时,机会性的转发可以有效地提高数据包的成功接收率,降低网络的丢包率。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate