自相似网络业务的一个FARIMA模型

近来发现,高速网络业务具有自相似及长相关特性,分数噪声可描述该类业务。但它仅表现长相关特性,给出了利用ＦＡＲＩＭＡ模型拟合自似网络业务的一整套方法,该模型同时刻画了实际业务的长相关与短相关行性,通过对实测数据的实验, 模型的优效性。     

基于仿真的网络流量分形维数的估计与分析

由分形自回归整合滑动平均（FARIMA）流量模型产生自相似性数据，针对不同维数仿真得出的流量样本，采用变标度极差分析法（R／S）在不同时间尺度上对流量分形维数进行估计分析，并分析了B/S分析法在流量估计中存在的系统偏差。     

Integration of pricing with call admission control to meet QoS requirements in cellular networks

Call admission control (CAC) plays a significant role in providing the desired quality of service (QoS) in cellular networks. We investigate the role of pricing as an additional dimension of the call admission control process in order to efficiently and effectively control the use of wireless network resources. First, we prove that, for a given wireless network, there exists a new call arrival rate which can maximize the total utility of users while maintaining the required QoS. Based on this result and observation, we propose an integrated pricing and call admission control scheme where the price is adjusted dynamically based on the current network conditions in order to alleviate the problem of congestion. Our proposed integrated approach implicitly implements a distributed user-based prioritization mechanism by providing negative incentives according to the current network conditions and therefore shaping the aggregate traffic in the network. We compare the performance of our approach in terms of congestion prevention, achievable total user utility, and obtained revenue, with the corresponding results of conventional systems where pricing is not taken into consideration in the call admission control process. These performance results verify the considerable improvement that can be achieved by the integration of pricing in the call admission control process in cellular networks.     

Dynamic bandwidth provisioning using ARIMA-based traffic forecasting for Mobile WiMAX

With fast proliferation of QoS-enabled wireless packet networks, need for effective QoS control is increasing. In this paper, we focus on QoS provisioning in Mobile WiMAX access service network (ASN). We investigate a dynamic bandwidth provisioning method that can help to increase resource utilization. Our approach consists of two stages: traffic forecasting, followed by bandwidth provisioning. For the first stage, we use auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to forecast traffic based on online measurement. For the second stage, we use a bandwidth provisioning scheme that allocates bandwidths depending on the traffic forecasting. We modeled our problem as a Fractional Knapsack Problem for which we used a greedy algorithm in order to find an approximate solution. Through simulation studies with real-world data sets, we found that our approach could increase the bandwidth for the real-time traffic class and guarantee adequate service quality for the nonreal-time traffic class as well, while maximizing resource utilization.     

基于FARIMA模型的Internet网络业务预报

最近的网络研究发现Internet网络业务同时呈现长相关和短相关特性,因此建立可以同时描述,预报长相关和短相关特性的网络业务模型很有必要。文中给出了利用FARIMA模型进行建模和预报的方法,实验表明这种方法用于实际Internet网络trace是非常有效的,另外提供了简化FARIMA模型拟合的方法和具体步骤,这样大大缩短了模型辨识的时间,对于实际网络预报有很好的实用性。     

Ad Hoc网络中基于QoS的分布式接纳控制算法

随着人们对Ad Hoc网络研究的深入,服务质量（QoS）已经成为了当前的研究热点之一。为了在Ad Hoc这种特殊的网络中提供对QoS的支持,必须设计一种针对流的高效的接纳控制算法。通过分析无线信道的特点,解决了实现接纳控制必须解决的关键问题,并在此基础上提出了一种基于QoS的分布式接纳控制算法。仿真实验证明,将此接纳控制算法应用到传统的路由协议（比如AODV）中,性能将会大大提高,并且更适合于实时业务的传输。     

无线Ad hoc多媒体网络中的可用带宽估计

在无线Ahhoc网络上传输具有较高性能要求的多媒体业务,需要为这种网络安装某种QoS路由和准入控制机制。而路径可用带宽计算是任何QoS路由算法的核心部分。802.11无线通道是一类基于CSMA机制的传输介质,建立在802.11MAC层上的多跳Adhoc网络存在流内和流间干扰,所以其可用带宽估计需要特别地加以设计。借鉴[2]的基本思想,根据真实试验,论文对[2]中仿真验证的算法做了一些修正,给出了一个简单、实际可行的可用带宽计算方法,并在DSR试验床上进行了验证。     

A multi-layer experimental study of multimedia and QoS communication in wireless mesh networks

A significant issue in Mesh networks is to support multimedia transmissions while providing Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees to mobile users. For real-time multimedia streaming, unstable throughput or insufficient bandwidth will incur unexpected delay or jitter, and it remains difficult to provide comprehensive service guarantees for a wireless mesh environment. In this paper, we target the problem of providing multimedia QoS in wireless mesh networks. We design and implement a campus test-bed for supporting multimedia traffic in mobile wireless mesh networks, and investigate in detail some possible improvements on a number of layers to enable multimedia transmission over wireless networks with QoS support. We first study a number of improvements of some existing routing protocols to support multimedia transmissions. Some new admission control and rate control mechanisms are studied and their performance gains are verified in our experiments. In our new cross-layer adaptive rate control (CLARC) mechanism, we adaptively change the video encoder’s output bit rate based on the available network bandwidth to improve the quality of the received video. We also design a mobile gateway protocol to connect the MANET to Internet and a wireless LAN management protocol to automatically manage WLAN to provide some QoS.     

Service level agreements (SLAs) parameter negotiation between heterogeneous 4G wireless network operators

We are currently witnessing a growing interest of network operators to migrate their existing 2G/3G networks to 4G technologies such as long-term evolution (LTE) to enhance the user experience and service opportunities in terms of providing multi-megabit bandwidth, more efficient use of radio networks, latency reduction, and improved mobility. Along with this, there is a strong deployment of packet data networks such as those based on IEEE 802.11 and 802.16 standards. Mobile devices are having increased capabilities to access many of these wireless networks types at the same time. Reinforcing quality of service (QoS) in 4G wireless networks will be a major challenge because of varying bit rates, channel characteristics, bandwidth allocation and global roaming support among heterogeneous wireless networks. As a mobile user moves across access networks, to the issue of mapping resource reservations between different networks to maintain QoS behavior becomes crucial. To support global roaming and interoperability across heterogeneous wireless networks, it is important for wireless network operators to negotiate service level agreement (SLA) contracts relevant to the QoS requirements. Wireless IP traffic modeling (in terms of providing assured QoS) is still immature because the majority of the existing work is merely based on the characterization of wireless IP traffic without investigating the behavior of queueing systems for such traffic. To overcome such limitations, we investigate SLA parameter negotiation among heterogeneous wireless network operators by focusing on traffic engineering and QoS together for 4G wireless networks. We present a novel mechanism that achieves service continuity through SLA parameter negotiation by using a translation matrix, which maps QoS parameters between different access networks. The SLA matrix composition is modeled analytically based on the G/M/1 queueing system. We evaluate the model using two different scheduling schemes and we derive closed form expressions for different QoS parameters for performance metrics such as packet delay and packet loss rate. We also develop a discrete event simulator and conduct a series of simulation experiments in order to understand the QoS behavior of corresponding traffic classes.     

基于栈式自编码的上海地铁短时流量预测

城市公共交通网每时每刻都承载巨大的客流量,客流量的增多为公共交通网和交通智能调度带来了巨大的压力。地铁站点短时的客流预测是智能地铁调度系统中重要的决策基础与技术支持。利用历史刷卡数据,提出了一种基于深度学习的地铁短时客流量预测方法,基于栈式自编码器构建深度神经网络模型,采用自下而上逐层非监督预训练,在预训练结束之后,采用反向传播BP算法自上而下来微调整个网络的参数。利用上海一个月范围内的地铁刷卡记录数据进行实验测试,实验结果优于小波神经网络Wavelet NN与自回归移动平均模型ARIMA。     

On utility-fair bandwidth adaptation for multi-class traffic QoS provisioning in wireless networks

The ability to adjust the allocated bandwidth of ongoing calls to cope with wireless network resource fluctuations is becoming increasingly important. In this paper, we describe a utility-based bandwidth adaptation scheme for multi-class traffic quality-of-service (QoS) provisioning in wireless networks. With the proposed scheme, each call is assigned a utility function according to its adaptive characteristics. Depending on the network load the allocated bandwidth of ongoing calls are upgraded or degraded dynamically such that each call receives fair utility. The quantization of utility function by dividing the utility range into a fixed number of equal intervals is a key feature of our proposed utility-fair algorithm. Appropriate call admission control and bandwidth reservation policies are also integrated into the proposed scheme to provide QoS guarantees to the new and handoff calls. Extensive simulation experiments have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme compared with two other existing ones. Results show that our bandwidth adaptation scheme is effective in achieving utility fairness while keeping the call blocking and handoff dropping probabilities substantially low.     

Integration of admission,congestion, and peak power control in QoS-aware clusters

Admission, congestion, and peak power control mechanisms are essential parts of a cluster network design for supporting integrated traffic. While an admission control algorithm helps in delivering the assured performance, a congestion control algorithm regulates traffic injection to avoid network saturation. Peak power control forces to meet pre-specified power constraints while maintaining the service quality by regulating the injection of packets. In this paper, we propose these control algorithms for clusters, which are increasingly being used in a diverse set of applications that require QoS guarantees. The uniqueness of our approach is that we develop these algorithms for wormhole-switched networks, which have been used in designing clusters. We use QoS-capable wormhole routers and QoS-capable network interface cards (NICs), referred to as Host Channel Adapters (HCAs) in InfiniBand™ Architecture (IBA), to evaluate the effectiveness of these algorithms. The admission control is applied at the HCAs and the routers, while the congestion control and the peak power control are deployed only at the HCAs. A mixed workload consisting of best-effort, real-time, and control traffic is used to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.     

适合于移动多媒体网络的呼叫接纳控制算法

移动多媒体网络应该能够同时支持传统的数据业务和实时交互式多媒体业务,并能够为用户提供QoS保证.在无线移动网中提供QoS保证,呼叫接纳控制扮演着重要的角色.通过对呼叫接纳算法中资源预留方案进行了分析总结,提出了一种适合于移动多媒体网络的自适应呼叫接纳控制算法.     

Optimization for adaptive bandwidth reservation in wireless multimedia networks

In future wireless multimedia networks, user mobility management for seamless connection regarding realtime multimedia applications is one of the most important problems. In this paper we propose an opportunity-cost concept-based approach for adaptive bandwidth reservation with admission control for handover calls utilizing network traffic information. Excessive reservation guarantees low blocking probability of handover calls at the cost of high blocking probability of new calls. According to our survey, however, it may degrade bandwidth utilization while no prioritization for handover admissions degrades quality of service (QoS) for ongoing calls. We consider both QoS assurance and bandwidth utilization in order to optimize the amount of bandwidth to reserve for handover admissions. We believe that our scheme could be utilized as a guideline for cost-effective radio resource allocation in mobile multimedia networks.     

Scheduling multimedia services in a low-power MAC for wireless andmobile ATM networks

This paper describes the design and analysis of the scheduling algorithm for energy conserving medium access control (EC-MAC), which is a low-power medium access control (MAC) protocol for wireless and mobile ATM networks. We evaluate the scheduling algorithms that have been proposed for traditional ATM networks. Based on the structure of EC-MAC and the characteristics of wireless channel, we propose a new algorithm that can deal with the burst errors and the location-dependent errors. Most scheduling algorithms proposed for either wired or wireless networks were analyzed with homogeneous traffic or multimedia services with simplified traffic models. We analyze our scheduling algorithm with more realistic multimedia traffic models based on H.263 video traces and self-similar data traffic. One of the key goals of the scheduling algorithms is simplicity and fast implementation. Unlike the time-stamped based algorithms, our algorithm does not need to sort the virtual time, and thus, the complexity of the algorithm is reduced significantly     

无线传感器网络QoS路由的研究与仿真

无线传感器网络要求支持多种业务的差别服务和全网范围的资源有效利用,QoS路由是解决该问题的关键技术之一.在分析无线传感器网络QoS 路由问题的基础上,对定向扩散(Directed Diffusion,DD)进行扩展,提出了一种组合利用路径节点最小能量和最小跳数信息的分布式QoS 路由算法,并建立了仿真模型.仿真结果表明,与传统DD比较,网络生存期可提高500%;不同比例的混合业务模式下,可很好的支持不同业务的资源需求分配,达到全网能耗均衡.     

EMSC: a joint multicast routing,scheduling, and call admission control in multi–radio multi–channel WMNs

This paper deals with the problem of joint multicast routing, scheduling, and call admission control in multiradio multi-channel wireless mesh networks. To heuristically solve this problem, we propose a cross-layer algorithm named “extended MIMCR with scheduling and call admission control phases (EMSC)”. Our model relies on the ondemand quality of service (QoS) multicast sessions, where each admitted session creates a unique tree with a required bandwidth. The proposed scheme extends the MIMCR algorithm to fairly schedule multiple non-interfering transmissions in the same time slot. It also exploits a call admission control mechanism to protect the QoS requirements of the multicast traffics. EMSC reduces the number of occupied time slots, with consideration of spatial reuse, both Intra-flow and Inter-flow interferences, and selecting the minimuminterference minimum-cost paths. This subsequently leads to better radio resource utilization and increases the network throughput. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the other algorithms and improves the network performance.     

满足QoS约束的自适应Ad Hoc网络路由算法

自组网是由一组带有无线收发装置移动节点组成的一个能够支持多跳的临时性计算机通信网络，其拓扑的动态变化是该类网络的一个重要特征，文章提出了一种满足QoS约束的自适应路由算法，将业务的多个QoS参数进行综合评判，对比各条路径综合路由状态，选择出最适合业务请求的路径。仿真显示该算法在支持QoS的同时，对移动Ad Hoc网络因拓扑动态变化而引起的信息不精确性有很好的适应度。     

基于位置服务信息的动态速率切换算法

提出了一种新的无线网络中的基于位置服务信息的动态速率切换算法,根据LBS信息和信号变化矢量判断即将来临的数据切换呼叫并为其预留信道,兼顾数据业务的VBR特性而自适应动态改变其服务带宽。仿真的结果表明,与其他切换算法相比,新算法的呼叫强拆率和呼叫阻塞率均有下降,信道利用率得到提高,提高了无线呼叫接入控制系统的QoS。     

Above packet level admission control and bandwidth allocation for IEEE 802.16 wireless MAN

IEEE 802.16 wireless Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is expected to revolutionize the broadband wireless access technology. Efficient resource management is essential in providing scalability in such large IEEE 802.16-based wireless network and Quality of Service (QoS) for multimedia applications (VoIP, MPEG, FTP, WWW) is usually achieved by appropriate classification of scheduling services and grant/request mechanism. In this paper, we firstly discuss the QoS issue in IEEE 802.16 wireless MANs and propose a dynamic admission control scheme for scheduling services defined in the 802.16 specification. The proposed scheme provides the highest priority for Unsolicited Grant Service (UGS) connections and maximizes the bandwidth utilization by employing bandwidth borrowing and degradation. We develop an approximate analytical model to evaluate the system performance by assuming that the traffic processes of all scheduling services are Poisson processes. In fact, the self-similarity of non-voice traffic makes its traffic process far from Poisson process and should be modeled by Poisson Pareto Burst Process (PPBP). Therefore, in the later part of the paper, we analyze upper bound blocking probabilities of all scheduling services above the packet level using PPBP model for fractal traffic and Gaussian model for aggregated traffic in large wireless network as well as using the Chernoff bound method. Based on the analytical results, we give another admission control and bandwidth allocation mechanism above the packet level so as to minimize the blocking probability of each type of service in IEEE 802.16 wireless MAN. Analytical and simulation results are obtained and compared to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed schemes and validate our analytical models.