一个面向信息抽取的中英文平行语料库

除了机器翻译,平行语料库对信息检索、信息抽取及知识获取等研究领域具有重要的作用,但是传统的平行语料库只是在句子级对齐,因而对跨语言自然语言处理研究的作用有限。鉴于此,以OntoNotes中英文平行语料库为基础,通过自动抽取、自动映射加人工标注相结合的方法,构建了一个面向信息抽取的高质量中英文平行语料库。该语料库不仅包含中英文实体及其相互关系,而且实现了中英文在实体和关系级别上的对齐。因此,该语料库将有助于中英文信息抽取的对比研究,揭示不同语言在语义表达上的差异,也为跨语言信息抽取的研究提供了一个有价值的平台。     

Web平行语料挖掘及其在机器翻译中的应用

双语平行语料库在自然语言处理领域有很多重要应用,但是大规模双语平行语料库的自动获取并不容易。该文提出了一种有效的从Web上获取高质量双语平行语料库的方案,研究了候选双语混合网页获取和平行句对抽取等关键技术。运用该文方法共获取了258万双语平行句对,平均正确率为93.75%,其中前150万句对的平均正确率达到96%。该文还提出句对质量排序和领域信息检索两种方法将Web数据应用于统计机器翻译的模型训练,在IWSLT评测数据上BLEU值可以提高2到5个百分点。     

面向司法领域的高质量开源藏汉平行语料库构建

面向司法领域的藏汉机器翻译面临严重的数据稀疏问题。该文从两个方面展开研究: 第一,相较通用领域,司法领域的藏语需要有更严谨的逻辑表达和更多的专业术语。然而,目前藏语资源在司法领域内缺乏对应的语料、稀缺专业术语词以及句法结构。第二,藏语的特殊词汇表达方式和特定句法结构使得通用语料构建方法难以构建藏汉平行语料库。因此,该文提出一种针对司法领域藏汉平行语料的轻量级构建方法。首先,采取人工标注的方法获取一个中等规模的司法领域藏汉专业术语表作为先验知识库,以避免领域越界而产生的语料逻辑表达问题和领域术语缺失问题;其次,从全国的地方法庭官网采集实例语料数据,例如,裁判文书。优先寻找藏文实例数据,其次是汉语,以避免后续构造藏语句子而丢失特殊的词汇表达和句式结构。基于以上原则采集藏汉语料构建高质量的藏汉平行语料库,具体方法包括: 爬虫获取语料,规则断章对齐检测,语句边界识别,语料库自动清洗。最终,该文构建了16万级规模的藏汉司法领域语料库,并通过多种翻译模型和交叉实验验证了构建的语料库具有高质量和鲁棒性等特点。另外,此语料库会开源以便相关研究人员用于科研工作。     

基于预训练的无监督神经机器翻译模型研究

依赖于大规模的平行语料库,神经机器翻译在某些语言对上已经取得了巨大的成功.无监督神经机器翻译U N MT又在一定程度上解决了高质量平行语料库难以获取的问题.最近的研究表明,跨语言模型预训练能够显著提高U N MT的翻译性能,其使用大规模的单语语料库在跨语言场景中对深层次上下文信息进行建模,获得了显著的效果.进一步探究基...     

基于短语的汉维/维汉统计机器翻译

利用电话录音的汉维平行语料库和开源的Moses系统构建一个基于短语的统计机器翻译系统。针对汉维平行语料库规模较小和维吾尔语形态变化比较丰富的特点,通过对词级的语料库进行切分得到词素级的语料库,并分别进行词一级的实验和词素级的实验。实验表明,词素级的实验能降低无法识别的词的概率,提高翻译的质量。     

平行语料库处理初探:一种排序模型

十年来,统计方法在机器翻译中的应用得到了广泛的关注,并逐渐成为机器翻译研究的主流方法.构造高质量统计机器翻译系统的重要基础是大规模高质量的双语平行语料库.目前,多数平行语料库包含着错误或噪音,它们极大影响着统计机器翻译系统的性能.用人工手段来筛选语料库中的句对是费时费力的,本文研究了一种有助于处理这一问题排序模型,该模型考虑了多方面的因素,包括语言模型、长度信息、意义对应等.鉴于如今的统计机器翻译系统都依赖词对齐信息,词对齐因素也被考虑入本模型中.文章最后的实验及结果表明本模型具有较好的性能.     

URL模式与HTML结构相结合的平行网页获取方法

平行语料库是对机器翻译、跨语言信息检索等应用技术具有重要支撑作用的基础数据资源。虽然互联网上的平行网页数量巨大且持续增长,但由于平行网站的异构性和复杂性,如何快速自动获取高质量的平行网页进而构造平行语料库仍然是巨大的挑战。该文提出了一种URL模式与HTML结构相结合的平行网页获取方法,首先利用HTML结构实现平行网页的递归访问,其次使用URL模式优化遍历平行网站的拓扑顺序,从而实现高效准确的平行网页获取。在联合国与香港政府^①两个平行网站上的实验表明,该方法相对传统获取方法在获取时间上减少50%以上,准确率提高15%,并显著提高了机器翻译的质量(BLEU 值分别提高1.6 和0.7 个百分点)。     

基于对偶学习的西里尔蒙古语-汉语机器翻译研究

目前,基于端到端的神经机器翻译(NMT)在大语种上取得了显著的效果,已经成为学术界非常流行的方法,然而该模型的训练严重依赖平行语料库的大小,通常需要上百万句,而西里尔蒙古语和汉语之间的平行语料库严重匮乏,并且人工构建代价昂贵。因此,提出基于对偶学习的西里尔蒙汉互译方法。为了缓解因未登录词导致的译文质量不高的问题,采用BPE(Byte Pair Encoding)技术对语料进行预处理。将通过单语数据预训练的语言模型和20%的平行双语数据预训练的翻译模型作为该模型训练的初始状态。以NMT为基线系统,实验结果表明,该方法达到了与NMT使用西里尔蒙汉全部双语数据相当的效果,有效缓解了因未登录词较多和平行语料库匮乏导致的译文质量不高的问题。     

词义标注语料库建设综述

词义消歧的关键问题是缺少大规模、高质量的词义标注语料库。本文分别从语料选取、词典选择、标注规模和标注质量等方面介绍已经建成的较有影响的若干词义标注语料库。在自动构建词义标注语料库的方法中,本文集中介绍bootstrapping策略在语料库建设方面的应用以及利用双语对齐语料库开展的相关研究。最后,针对词义标注语料库建设存在的问题提出自己的分析和思考。     

专业语料库建立及其在机器翻译中的应用

机器翻译作为语言信息处理研究的一个分支,通过采用语料库技术,较好地提高了翻译的准确性和可读性.因此,标准语料库的建立及应用在其中有着重要的地位和作用.通过建立一个专业领域(如自动化、计算机)汉英平行语料库,来实现语料库在统计机器翻译系统中的应用.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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