无线网络中TCP性能改进技术研究

因特网和移动通信的结合是未来通信发展的趋势，作为因特网传输层协议标准的TCP协议在未来无线网络中仍将发挥着重要作用。但是由于TCP是专为有线网络而设计的，在无线网络中的性能并不理想，因此需要对传统的TCP协议进行改进以增强其性能。文章对无线网络中TCP性能的改进技术进行了阐述，并着重对ELN协议进行了分析。     

一种新型有效无线TCP协议设计

TCP协议是当前在固有网络上有效的端到端的传输控制协议,但在无线网络上却无法体现出其高效的性能.这主要由于TCP的错误控制机制并不适用于无线网络.课题分析当前存在的多类应用于无线网络的TCP协议,将M-TCP协议和TCP-Probing协议相结合,进而提出了一种新的适用于无线网络的TCP改进协议--EM-TCP协议.     

TCPW-REAL：基于无线网络的TCPW改进协议

传统的TCP协议在有线网络中能够良好地工作,但用于无线网络时则性能有所下降.其原因在于,传统的TCP协议无法分辨网络丢包原因,如网络拥塞、链路断开、信道错误或者链路改变.为了提高TCP协议在无线网络中的性能,提出了TCPW-REAL协议,该方案参考了TCPW协议,通过改变其时应答包流的计算方式来时带宽进行更精确的估测.同时,给出了TCPW-REAL的算法并利用仿真对算法进行了验证.分析和仿真结果表明,该方案能够有效地改进TCPW在无线网络的性能.     

TCP Veno协议的性能分析与评价

TCP Veno协议综合了TCP Reno和TCP Vegas的特点,通过对慢启动,拥塞避免和快速恢复算法的改进,使TCP协议在无线网络环境下性能有了较大的改善.为求更加客观和直观的展示Veno的性能,在NS-2环境下对TCP Veno和几种不同版本的TCP协议进行了对比分析.结果显示,TCP Veno协议在无线环境中表现优良,尤其是链路差错率较高的情况下,TCPVeno的性能较其它版本的TCP协议为好,改善了无线环境中因随机丢包而引起的网络性能下降情况.     

TCP协议在Ad Hoc网络中的性能及其改进策略

Ad Hoc网络的动态自组织特性使得传统的传输层协议不再适用。首先阐述了TCP协议在Ad Hoc网络中存在的问题，然后介绍了TCP协议在无线网络中的改进。接下来，详细分析了Ad Hoc网络中TCP协议的性能并讨论了其改进策略和方法。最后对全文进行了小结并给出了今后的工作方向。     

TCP Veno在无线Ad Hoc网络中的性能比较研究

TCP Veno是一种新的无线网络环境下TCP的拥塞控制机制,它综合了TCP Reno和TCP Vegas的特点,对单跳无线网络的性能有了较大的改善。对TCP Veno应用于无线多跳网络中的性能进行研究,将TCP Veno在三种不同的无线Ad Hoc路由协议下的性能进行了仿真分析和比较,结果显示TCP Veno在不同的路由协议下的性能有所不同,通过比较,可以找到一个在无线Ad Hoc网络中更适合TCP Veno的路由协议。     

TCP Veno在无线AdHoc网络中的性能比较研究

TCP Veno是一种新的无线网络环境下TCP的拥塞控制机制，它综合了TCP Reno和TCP Vegas的特点，对单跳无线网络的性能有了较大的改善。对TCP Veno应用于无线多跳网络中的性能进行研究，将TCP Veno在三种不同的无线AdHoc路由协议下的性能进行了仿真分析和比较，结果显示TCP Veno在不同的路由协议下的性能有所不同，通过比较，可以找到一个在无线AdHoc网络中更适合TCP Veno的路由协议。     

使用改进SNOOP协议改善无线链路TCP的性能

文章根据无线信道的特点,分析了在无线网络中不同于传统有线网络的导致TCP性能降低的原因,介绍了可以改善无线环境中TCP性能的SNOOP协议,分析了SNOOP协议存在的问题,并针对这些问题给出了一个对SNOOP协议的改进方法,同时给出了性能仿真对比结果。     

无线网络中选择性重传机制性能分析与改进*

分析了SACK机制的性能,根据TCP协议改进思想,通过模拟仿真展示了改进后无线网络中SACK机制的性能.     

无线网络中优化TCP性能的网络编码方法研究

网络编码的出现为改进网络的传输性能提供了新的方法.J.K.Sundararajan等人将网络编码技术与传输控制协议相结合,提出了基于网络编码的TCP/NC协议,其在改进无线网络中传统TCP的性能方面取得了明显效果.但该协议及其改进协议存在的数据传榆和解码操作同步性问题会严重影响TCP/NC性能.提出的改进协议TCP/NCW根据解码时间调节解码窗口,以确保数据传输和解码操作同步,从而获得更好性能.运用排队论分析了TCP/NCW最优解码窗口的存在性.在NS2中的仿真结果表明,在静态场景和动态场景下TCP/NCW的吞吐率比TCP/Vegas和TCP/NC有显著提高,同时也具有较好的公平性.     

无线移动网络中增强TCP性能的技术综述

TCP是因特网上的主要传输协议，在数据包丢失主要是由拥塞引起的传统网络上，TCP可以充分发挥其性能，但是在无线移动网络中，TCP将无线信道比特差错和移动切换引起的数据包丢失误归于网络发生拥塞而采取拥塞控制措施，不必要地降低了端到的吞吐率，导致自身性能的下降，首先阐述了当前无线移动网络的发展状况和TCP面临的问题，在此基础上，综述和评价了各种增强TCP性能的技术方案，最后，结合无线移动通信系统的最新进展，分析和探讨了当前存在的问题和进一步的研究方向。     

Improving TCP performance over wired–wireless networks

Today there is a growing demand for Internet services over WLAN hotspots. Majority of the Internet services today are based on TCP. However, TCP is not well-suited for heterogeneous networks consisting of wired and wireless networks. Losses in wireless network, which are quite frequent, are often misinterpreted by the TCP sender as loss due to congestion, which leads to poor performance of TCP. Hence, it is important to shield the TCP sender from wireless error. In this paper, we propose an improved method for identifying cases of wireless losses and tackling the loss at the local link level through MAC layer retransmissions. We then evaluate the effect of MAC layer retransmissions on the performance of TCP both analytically and empirically. Our empirical results show that significant improvement in TCP performance is possible through MAC layer retransmission.     

Improving TCP performance in heterogeneous mobile environments by exploiting the explicit cooperation between server and mobile host

In recent years, many different kinds of wireless access networks have been deployed and become inseparable parts of the Internet. But TCP, the most widely used transport protocol of the Internet, was designed for stationery hosts. It faces severe challenges when user moves around in these networks and handoff occurs frequently. In this paper, we investigate the potential benefits of bringing explicit cooperation between TCP server and mobile host.For this purpose, TCP HandOff (TCP-HO), a practical end-to-end mechanism, is designed for improving TCP performance in heterogeneous mobile environments. TCP-HO assumes that a mobile host is able to detect the completion of handoff immediately and has a coarse estimation of new wireless link’s bandwidth. When a mobile host detects handoff completion, it will immediately notify the server through two duplicate ACKs, whose TCP option also carries the bandwidth of new wireless link. After receiving this notification, the server begins to transmit immediately and keeps updating ssthresh according to the bandwidth from mobile host and its new RTT samples. This update will end after four RTT samples or after congestion is detected.TCP-HO has been implemented in FreeBSD 5.4. Experimental results indicate that in heterogeneous mobile environments, TCP-HO can improve TCP performance a lot without adversely affecting cross traffic even when mobile host only has a coarse estimation of new wireless link’s bandwidth. Considering that more and more users are accessing the Internet through heterogeneous wireless networks and mobile host could have a coarse estimation of wireless link’s bandwidth, it should be worthwhile to change both server and mobile host for improving TCP performance.     

Achieving high throughput and TCP Reno fairness in delay-based TCP over large networks

The transport control protocol (TCP) has been widely used in wired and wireless Internet applications such as FTP, email and http. Numerous congestion avoidance algorithms have been proposed to improve the performance of TCP in various scenarios, especially for high speed and wireless networks. Although different algorithms may achieve different performance improvements under different network conditions, designing a congestion algorithm that can perform well across a wide spectrum of network conditions remains a great challenge. Delay-based TCP has a potential to overcome above challenges. However, the unfairness problem of delay-based TCP with TCP Reno blocks widely the deployment of delay-based TCP over wide area networks. In this paper, we proposed a novel delay-based congestion control algorithm, named FAST-FIT, which could perform gracefully in both ultra high speed networks and wide area networks, as well as keep graceful fairness with widely deployed TCP Reno hosts. FAST-FIT uses queuing delay as a primary input for controlling TCP congestion window. Packet loss is used as a secondary signal to adaptively adjust parameters of primary control process. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the performance of the algorithm is significantly improved as compared to other state-of-the-art algorithms, while maintaining good fairness.     

无线局域网TCP技术

无线通信和因特网的结合无疑是未来发展的趋势.Internet中的TCp协议提供端到端可靠的服务,可以为多媒体业务的传输提供Qos保证,广泛应用于支持如FTP、Telnet、Http等Internet业务.TCP最初是针对有线信道特性设计的,有线信道中的传输性能相对较好,可以认为网络拥塞是影响Qos的唯一原因,因此其TCP协议都是据此进行拥塞控制和流量控制的.而无线信道的特性,如多径衰落、干扰、频谱有限等使得当传统的有线TCP协议应用于无线链路时性能严重降低.     

Evaluating transport protocol performance over a wireless mesh backbone

IEEE 802.11n wireless physical layer technology increases the deployment of high throughput wireless indoor mesh backbones for ubiquitous Internet connectivity at the urban and metropolitan areas. Most of the network traffic flows in today’s Internet use ‘Transmission Control Protocol’ (TCP) as the transport layer protocol. There has been extensive works that deal with TCP issues over wireless mesh networks as well as noisy wireless channels. Further, IEEE 802.11n is well known for its susceptibility to increased channel losses during high data rate communication. This paper investigates the dynamics of an end-to-end transport layer protocol like TCP in the presence of burst and correlated losses during IEEE 802.11n high data rate communication, while maintaining fairness among all the end-to-end flows. For this purpose, we evaluate four TCP variants-Loss Tolerant TCP (LT-TCP), Network Coded TCP (TCP/NC), TCP-Horizon and Wireless Control Protocol (WCP), where the first two protocols are known to perform very well in extreme lossy networks, and the last two are specifically designed for mesh networks. Our evaluation shows that WCP performs better in a IEEE 802.11n supported mesh networks compared to other three variants. However, WCP also results in negative impact at high data rates, where end-to-end goodput drops with the increase in physical data rate. The analysis of the results reveals that explicit loss notifications and flow balancing are not sufficient to improve transport protocol performance in an IEEE 802.11n supported mesh backbone, rather a specific mechanism is required to synchronize the transport queue management with lower layer scheduling that depends on IEEE 802.11n features, like channel bonding and frame aggregation. The findings of this paper give the direction to design a new transport protocol that can utilize the full capacity of IEEE 802.11n mesh backbone.     

TCP with gateway adaptive pacing for multihop wireless networks with Internet connectivity

This paper introduces an effective congestion control pacing scheme for TCP over multihop wireless networks with Internet connectivity. The pacing scheme is implemented at the wireless TCP sender as well as at the Internet gateway, and reacts according to the direction of TCP flows running across the wireless network and the Internet. Moreover, we analyze the causes for the unfairness of oncoming TCP flows and propose a scheme to throttle aggressive wired-to-wireless TCP flows at the Internet gateway to achieve nearly optimal fairness. The proposed scheme, which we denote as TCP with Gateway Adaptive Pacing (TCP-GAP), does not impose any control traffic overhead for achieving fairness among active TCP flows and can be incrementally deployed since it does not require any modifications of TCP in the wired part of the network. In an extensive set of experiments using ns-2 we show that TCP-GAP is highly responsive to varying traffic conditions, provides nearly optimal fairness in all scenarios and achieves up to 42% more goodput for FTP-like traffic as well as up to 70% more goodput for HTTP-like traffic than TCP NewReno. We also investigate the sensitivity of the considered TCP variants to different bandwidths of the wired and wireless links with respect to both aggregate goodput and fairness.     

无线网络TCP研究综述

如果把标准TCP直接应用于3种无线网络模型(蜂窝网络、Ad hoc网络和卫星网络)，由于其不能够区分丢包的原因，可能会错误地启动拥塞控制，导致性能下降,分析了3种无线网络模型中影响TCP性能的因素，指出为减轻这些因素造成的负面影响所必须增加的一些额外技术，总结了提高无线网络TCP性能的一些方法并对这些方法进行了比较和分类，指明了无线网络TCP的研究方向。     

无线因特网上的数据传输

1.引言 90年代以来,以蜂窝通讯技术为代表的无线通信技术迅速发展,从原来的模拟无线电台、第一代模拟无线电话发展到第二代数字式蜂窝电话、数字式寻呼设备,再到即将进入市场的第三代移动通信技术(3G)以及正在酝酿之中的4G,人们在任何时间、任何地点与任何对象进行通信的愿望正在成为现实。随着无线通讯技术的进一步成熟,人们不满足于仅仅通过无线网络传送语音,还想无线传送数据信息,实现“移动计算”的梦想。而要想真正实现随时随地的“移动计算”,不但要