基于Agent正面情绪变化的劝说及评价模型

Agent劝说在提高电子商务谈判自动化程度的同时也能相应提高其理性程度,因此受到广泛关注。Agent情绪变化则能影响劝说的进程和效果。对Agent劝说中的情绪变化进行分类;结合形式化理论,提出了基于Agent正面情绪变化的劝说模型,并对模型进行举例说明;为使该劝说模型有效,提出了Agent正面情绪变化度的概念;在此基础上,构建了相应的评价模型;最后通过算例对模型的有效性进行了验证。     

Agent劝说中的积极舆论模型及其评价

Agent劝说中的舆论能发挥其人工智能优势,同时节约谈判成本和提高谈判效率。为此,给出Agent劝说中舆论的定义,并将Agent劝说中的舆论分为积极舆论和消极舆论,在定义和分类的基础上,结合形式逻辑理论,提出Agent劝说中的积极舆论模型,并通过相应的举例对模型进行解释。针对该模型,提出相应的评价体系,并通过相应的算例对该体系进行验证。结果表明,该模型和评价体系能促使Agent劝说进一步快速高效完成。     

Agent口碑辩论模型研究

基于辩论的Agent谈判能提高Agent在动态环境下的谈判效率,保证谈判效果。口碑则能强化辩论效果。为保证模型的整体性,将对Agent口碑辩论模型的阐述分为描述和评价两个部分;对口碑进行分类,结合形式化理论,提出Agent口碑辩论模型的描述部分;提出口碑辩论力度的概念,并对其进行量化,提出Agent口碑辩论模型的评价部分;最后通过算例对模型进行验证。     

基于辩论的社会性Agent间的谈判模型

通过对Agent间存在的有关社会性的关键元素进行分析,建立了基于辩论的社会性Agent间的谈判模型,并建立了相关的决策函数;然后通过一个存在于多Agent社会中而具有社会性的Agent间的谈判实例,在假设了相关数据的基础上对模型和决策函数进行了举例计算,分析验证了其有效性,并在对相关的谈判原语作出定义的基础上对此谈判实例的辩论对话过程进行了模拟。     

一种劝说式多Agent供应链协商模型研究

好的协商模型对提高供应链协商效率有着重要的意义。提出了一种基于劝说式的多Agent供应链协商模型。对供应链协商模型框架和协商Agent的状态信息进行了形式化的定义,阐述了协商中的劝说方法、让步原则和提议交互过程。实践表明利用该模型建立起供应链协商支持系统能提高供应链伙伴协商效率和协商成功率。     

基于辩论的多Agent商务谈判认知模型

针对在基于辩论的谈判中如何表示Agent的认知结构和决策机制的问题,提出一个应用于商务谈判的Agent的认知决策模型。该模型由卖方和买方Agent两部分构成,其中,Agent的认知结构用自我目标认知以及对对方的目标认知等集合来表示,Agent的决策用多目标优化模型来辅助进行。基于辩论的谈判实例验证了该模型的实用性。     

基于案例推理的谈判支持系统的研究

通过对谈判案例的表达、检索、复用、评价、适配和学习的研究,基于案例推理的谈判支持系统解决了谈判者谈判相关知识缺乏的问题;在谈判案例表达方法中提出了属性分类方法;采用改进的最近相邻法进行谈判案例适配,以获得更相近的谈判历史案例;通过对基于案例推理的谈判机制分析,构建了基于案例推理谈判支持系统的体系结构,并详细设计了谈判系统的功能.最后,通过一个采购谈判方案验证了基于案例推理谈判支持系统的实用性.     

基于辩论的自动谈判模型

自动谈判是商务活动中最富智能性和创造性的环节,是智能商务模式中亟需解决的关键技术.主要讨论了基于辩论的自动谈判问题,提出了相应的谈判模型和谈判Agent的体系结构模型,并详述了辩论式谈判机制,最后设计了一个辩论式谈判实例.     

基于Agent的谈判模型研究

提出了一种基于Agent技术的谈判模型，应用模糊数学理论建立了谈判论据及谈判解接受度数学模型。采用约束放松的方法对谈判模型进行求解，得到了谈判Agent满意的谈判解。阐述了双边多属性谈判过程，设计并开发了Agent谈判系统原型，实例计算分析表明，该谈判模型是一种双赢的谈判模型。     

基于MAS的电子商务谈判支持系统

随着Internet技术的发展,网上电子商务谈判方式正在兴起。为了提高谈判效率,并增加谈判的智能辅助机制,该文引入Agent技术,重点介绍了以多Agent系统为基础的谈判支持系统(NSS)设计框架。在此系统中,建立了一个结合多目标决策理论和基于偏好理论的决策模型。     

消极情感对agent劝说的影响研究*

由于agent的非人工智能特性,使其在模拟人类劝说的过程中经常会陷入僵局,影响合作。为解决该问题,结合其作为人工智能工具的情感特性,对agent劝说中的情感进行了分类;运用形势逻辑理论,构建了agent劝说中的消极情感影响模型,并举例阐述;基于该模型,在提出agent劝说的消极情感变化度的概念后,给出了相应的比较方法,并通过算例进行了验证。与已有研究相比,该研究能更进一步发挥agent的理性优势,减轻系统负担,同时促进agent之间更好地合作。     

一种多agent系统框架与协商机制研究*

从基于动态、异构网络上快速构建稳健的多agent系统出发,设计了多agent远程过程调用通信模型,定义了三种基本类型的agent,对KQML消息规范进行扩展,增加了对消息生存周期的控制,设计了双缓存消息推送器以实现agent消息的主动推送,并在WCF的基础上实现了该通信框架。针对同目标多agent协作系统提出了基于开销均衡的agent系统交互协商策略,通过实例证明相对于独立运行和基于正交互协商策略的agent系统,本协商策略可有效降低系统总开销,并可使运行负载更为均衡。     

基于租用的移动Agent生命周期管理策略

将实际生活中的租用机制引入到移动Agent生命周期管理之中,使得移动Agent和其运行环境之间形成一种租用关系,从而在不改变移动Agent自身行为特性的情况下,使得移动Agent系统可以通过有限的租用期限柔性地管理移动Agent生命周期。这种机制使得运行在开放环境下的移动Agent系统具有自愈合、自管理的特点,并在一定程度上增强了移动Agent系统的容错性和安全性。文中利用UML描述了租用模型与相关实现技术,并给出了基于租用的移动Agent生命周期管理的算法。最后通过应用实例证明了此方法是通用的与可行的。     

Continuous-Time Negotiation Mechanism for Software Agents

While there are several existing mechanisms and systems addressing the crucial and difficult issues of automated one-to-many negotiation, this paper develops a flexible one-to-many negotiation mechanism for software agents. Unlike the existing general one-to-many negotiation mechanism, in which an agent should wait until it has received proposals from all its trading partners before generating counterproposals, in the flexible one-to-many negotiation mechanism, an agent can make a proposal in a flexible way during negotiation, i.e., negotiation is conducted in continuous time. To decide when to make a proposal, two strategies based on fixed waiting time and a fixed waiting ratio is proposed. Results from a series of experiments suggest that, guided by the two strategies for deciding when to make a proposal, the flexible negotiation mechanism achieved more favorable trading outcomes as compared with the general one-to-many negotiation mechanism. To determine the amount of concession, negotiation agents are guided by four mathematical functions based on factors such as time, trading partners' strategies, negotiation situations of other threads, and competition. Experimental results show that agents guided by the four functions react to changing market situations by making prudent and appropriate rates of concession and achieve generally favorable negotiation outcomes     

An inquiry dialogue system

The majority of existing work on agent dialogues considers negotiation, persuasion or deliberation dialogues; we focus on inquiry dialogues, which allow agents to collaborate in order to find new knowledge. We present a general framework for representing dialogues and give the details necessary to generate two subtypes of inquiry dialogue that we define: argument inquiry dialogues allow two agents to share knowledge to jointly construct arguments; warrant inquiry dialogues allow two agents to share knowledge to jointly construct dialectical trees (essentially a tree with an argument at each node in which a child node is a counter argument to its parent). Existing inquiry dialogue systems only model dialogues, meaning they provide a protocol which dictates what the possible legal next moves are but not which of these moves to make. Our system not only includes a dialogue-game style protocol for each subtype of inquiry dialogue that we present, but also a strategy that selects exactly one of the legal moves to make. We propose a benchmark against which we compare our dialogues, being the arguments that can be constructed from the union of the agents’ beliefs, and use this to define soundness and completeness properties that we show hold for all inquiry dialogues generated by our system.     

基于熟人联盟及扩充合同网协议的多智能体协商模型

合同网协议可扩充性好，处理动态环境能力强，在多智能体系统协商中应用广泛．在分析了经典合同网协议的优缺点后，提出了基于熟人联盟及扩充合同网协议的多智能体系统协商模型．根据模型设计了适合扩充合同网协议的系统结构，引入了熟人联盟以及信任度参数，提出熟人联盟生成方法及信任度更新规则并构造了基于经典合同网协议的扩充合同网协议．最后通过对一个导弹防御例子的测试及分析，证实了该模型在保证协商质量的基础上，有效地降低了协商代价．     

Persuasion Dialogue in Online Dispute Resolution

In this paper we show how dialogue-based theories of argumentation can contribute to the construction of effective systems of dispute resolution. Specifically we consider the role of persuasion in online dispute resolution by showing how persuasion dialogues can be functionally embedded in negotiation dialogues, and how negotiation dialogues can shift to persuasion dialogues. We conclude with some remarks on how persuasion dialogues might be modelled is such a way as to allow them to be implemented in a mechanical or computerized system of dialogue or dialogue management.     

The importance of language familiarity in global business e-negotiation

This study explores the influence of language familiarity on online persuasion behavior based on subjective measurements and objective actual negotiation behavior. It was designed to test whether negotiating in a non-native language decreases the negotiation self-efficacy, given that the increasing use of global e-marketplaces and popularity of international business trades make negotiation in a non-native language inevitable. An online experiment was conducted using a text-based asynchronous e-negotiation system, with two groups of subjects negotiating in native and non-native languages separately in purchasing negotiations. The analysis results show that language familiarity plays a critical role in inducing persuasion behavior in e-negotiations, with a higher language familiarity leading to higher language self-efficacy and negotiation self-efficacy. However, only negotiation self-efficacy affects e-negotiation communication efficiency and effectiveness, both of which increase online persuasion behavior. Based on actual negotiation behavior, the results show that non-native language negotiators are less active than native language negotiators in negotiations. However, the negotiation outcome did not differ significantly between the two groups, suggesting that the final outcome is also influenced by other factors. The results also showed that language familiarity has a greater effect on the buyer than on the seller.     

Towards a multi-agent system for regulated information exchange in crime investigations

This paper outlines a multi-agent architecture for regulated information exchange of crime investigation data between police forces. Interactions between police officers about information exchange are analysed as negotiation dialogues with embedded persuasion dialogues. An architecture is then proposed consisting of two agents, a requesting agent and a responding agent, and a communication language and protocol with which these agents can interact to promote optimal information exchange while respecting the law. Finally, dialogue policies are defined for the individual agents, specifying their behaviour within a negotiation. Essentially, when deciding to accept or reject an offer or to make a counteroffer, an agent first determines whether it is obligatory or permitted to perform the actions specified in the offer. If permitted but not obligatory, the agent next determines whether it is in his interest to accept the offer.