应变率效应对整车侧碰仿真的影响研究

为了研究应变率效应对整车侧碰仿真的影响,建立了某紧凑型轿车侧面碰撞有限元仿真模型,对侧碰分析影响较大的关键零部件进行了不考虑应变率效应和考虑应变率效应的侧碰仿真计算,在侧围变形、B柱加速度及侧碰性能指标——关键部位的侵入量与侵入速度等方面与实验结果进行了对比,表明材料的应变率效应对整车侧碰仿真有较大影响。     

泡沫铝部分填充薄壁梁弯曲吸能特性研究

为了研究泡沫铝填充帽型薄壁梁横向弯曲时的吸能特性,建立了泡沫铝填充双帽型薄肇粱的有限元模型,采用非线性有限元软件LS-DYNA进行了横向弯曲工况下的仿真.首先进行了空心帽型薄壁梁和泡沫铝填充帽型薄壁梁的横向弯曲仿真,分析了材料参数、几何参数对其比吸能(单位质量吸收的能量)的影响;然后为降低结构重量并保持薄壁梁吸能效果,对部分填充泡沫铝薄壁梁进行了横向弯曲仿真,考察了不同泡沫铝填充长度对结构吸能特性的影响.研究结果表明:填充泡沫铝后,帽型薄壁梁在横向弯曲中吸能特性有明显的改善;在吸收相同的能量时,泡沫铝填充薄壁梁的质量要比空心薄壁梁的质量少.     

汽车侧面碰撞CAE对标分析

为提高整车碰撞安全性能,针对LINCAP工况,将某新车型整车侧面碰撞CAE仿真与试验结果进行对标分析,通过对比可变形壁障及车身侧变形模式、车门变形轮廓曲线、关键点侵入速度等校对有限元模型,验证该侧面碰撞仿真模型的精度和建模方法的有效性.该对标分析可为新车型碰撞安全性能开发的CAE分析提供参考.     

基于耐撞性的前纵梁截面优化设计

前纵梁是偏置碰撞测试中重要的吸能部件之一。本文对前纵梁截面形状进行了优化设计,以提高前纵梁的耐撞性。根据前纵梁截面尺寸参数得到设计变量,构建响应面模型,利用遗传算法计算得到优化结果。将优化所得的截面尺寸应用于某三厢轿车40%偏置碰撞分析中,结果表明,前纵梁耐撞性显著提高,碰撞侧B柱加速度峰值有效降低,整车被动安全性能得到提升。     

参数化列车碰撞平台的动力学建模与仿真

轨道车辆的设计过程中,有限元碰撞仿真方法建模复杂、修改周期长.为快速计算准确的列车碰撞响应,基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论,使用Matlab程序语言,建立参数化列车碰撞平台.根据实际参数,将车辆实体模型转化为数学模型,将连续轨道模型离散为弹性点支承模型;基于Hertz接触理论,使用向量法建立轮轨相互作用模型;将车钩缓冲装置、吸能防爬装置和悬挂装置的力学特性转化为非线性迟滞特性数学模型;采用修正双步长显式积分算法对参数化模型进行时域求解.将有限元仿真结果与参数化仿真结果在速度、加速度以及最大轮对抬升量方面进行对比,结果表明,两种模型的速度变化趋势相同,加速度绝对误差小于1m/s2,轮对抬升量峰值相对误差1.67％,各项指标的相对误差保持在10％以内,对参数化列车碰撞平台的准确性进行了验证.研究结果为揭示列车碰撞后的响应机理建立了仿真基础,为轨道车辆的耐撞性设计中参数的选定提供了一定的理论支撑.     

泡沫铝填充薄壁圆管吸能特性优化

为获得最大比吸能(Specific Energy Absorption, SEA)的泡沫铝填充薄壁圆管结构,以动态显式有限元分析为基础,结合响应面法(Response Surface Method,RSM),建立结构的SEA优化函数;利用MSC Dytran进行碰撞仿真,得出薄壁构件的SEA随构件薄壁厚度和截面直径变化的规律;以最大SEA为优化函数,对泡沫铝填充薄壁圆管的直径和壁厚进行优化. 轨道列车吸能装置的实际应用表明,该方法在降低吸能装置质量且优化模型不超出原模型最大压缩力的条件下,可以提高结构的变形能和SEA.     

铝合金材料在轿车车身轻量化中的应用研究

减轻汽车质量、降低燃油消耗和减少排放污染成为汽车工业发展的核心问题，车身的轻量化对于整车轻量化起着举足轻重的作用，采用轻质材料是车身减重的重要途径。该文以某轿车为对象，采用铝合金材料对车身11个主要覆盖件进行轻量化研究，该方案可以使车身减重53．1Kg，减重效果达到64．5％。采用显式有限元理论建立整车有限元模型，从满足整车耐撞安全性能的角度，在整车变形、整车与刚性墙的碰撞力、运动的速度和加速度、主要零部件的吸能等方面进行分析、评价，数值仿真验证了轻量化方案的可行性。     

侵入物高速撞击下铰链式动车组的安全性

为探究侵入物高速撞击下铰链式动车组的安全性,在实物三维扫描重构的基础上,构建一种新的活体三维有限元层叠模型,并在LS-DYNA中进行摆锤侧面碰撞分析验证;通过铰链式动车组与活体在110 km/h速度下的碰撞仿真计算,讨论动车组运行的安全性以及吸能装置的可靠性.结果 显示:活体的有限元层叠模型既能保证计算精度,又能提高计算效率;在110 km/h的碰撞速度下,车体加速度为0.117g,轮对抬升量为0.238 mm,车钩每5 m长度的压缩量最大约为1.89 mm.各项指标都低于EN 15227标准,动车组行车安全性没有受到影响,吸能装置也能可靠工作.     

PSM边界条件拟合方法

针对PSM(Prescribed Structure Motion)边界条件有时无法反映真实情况的问题,采用MADYMO PSM SCALING软件将整车有限元侧碰模型的计算结果与实车试验测量得到的车身侧面侵入速度和侵入量进行拟合,获得准确的侧碰仿真模型的边界条件.用初始的PSM边界条件和拟合后的PSM边界条件计算得到...     

基于材料与结构一体化的车辆吸能结构碰撞仿真

从车辆耐撞结构和吸能材料两方面入手,基于材料与结构一体化思想,利用数值仿真技术研究某高速动车被动安全性问题.设计5种适用于高速动车的吸能结构,分别为普通双层吸能管结构,3种端部带有不同薄弱环节的双层吸能管结构和泡沫铝材料夹心双层吸能管结构;利用PAMCRASH软件,分别将5种不同吸能结构安装到整车上进行相同编组对撞试验仿真;针对碰撞仿真结果评价车辆的整体被动安全性,并通过各工况结果的对比分析找出最优吸能装置.结果表明:泡沫铝夹心吸能装置在加速度和逃生空间评价指标中表现最好,在以后的吸能结构设计中可适当采用.     

Experimenting with dynamic linking with ADA

An approach to achieving dynamic reconfiguration within the framework of Ada¹ is described. A technique for introducing a kernel facility for dynamic reconfiguration in Ada is illustrated, and its implementation using the Verdix VADS 5.5 Ada compiling system on a Sun3–120 running the 4.3 BSD Unix operating system is discussed. This experimental kernel allows an Ada program to change its own configuration dynamically, linking new pieces of code at run-time. It is shown how this dynamic facility can be integrated consistently at the Ada language level, without introducing severe inconsistencies with respect to the Standard semantics.     

Computing with words and its relationships with fuzzistics

Words mean different things to different people, and so are uncertain. We, therefore, need a fuzzy set model for a word that has the potential to capture their uncertainties. In this paper I propose that an interval type-2 fuzzy set (IT2 FS) be used as a FS model of a word, because it is characterized by its footprint of uncertainty (FOU), and therefore has the potential to capture word uncertainties. Two approaches are presented for collecting data about a word from a group of subjects and then mapping that data into a FOU for that word. The person MF approach, in which each person provides their FOU for a word, is limited to fuzzy set experts because it requires the subject to be knowledgeable about fuzzy sets. The interval end-points approach, in which each person provides the end-points for an interval that they associate with a word on a prescribed scale is not limited to fuzzy set experts. Both approaches map data collected from subjects into a parsimonious parametric model of a FOU, and illustrate the combining of fuzzy sets and statistics—type-2 fuzzistics.     

Model-checking timed automata with deadlines with Uppaal

Timed automata with deadlines (TAD) are a form of timed automata that admit a more natural representation of urgent actions, with the additional advantage of avoiding the most common form of timelocks. We offer a compositional translation of a practically useful subset of TAD to timed safety automata (the well-known variant of timed automata where time progress conditions are expressed by invariants). More precisely, we translate networks of TAD to the modeling language of Uppaal, a state-of-the-art verification tool for timed automata. We also describe an implementation of this translation, which allows Uppaal to aid the design and analysis of TAD models.     

基于UML MARTE处理AADL的端到端流延迟

AADL和MARTE都支持对实时嵌入式系统形式化建模的分析。利用MARTE的时间模型设备,研究MARTE是如何对实时嵌入式系统的建模和分析的,能够比较准确的通过事件或者数据端口的端到端流延迟分析,表达AADL周期性或非周期性任务。     

使用双缓存来解决GDI下的闪烁问题

在图形图像处理过程中，当显示绘制的图像时，有时会出现闪烁的情况。本丈从窗口、视口、坐标系统的基本概念和关系出发，主要讲解了如何使用双缓存来解决GDI下的闪烁问题。此方法已经应用于项目地质资料解释系统中对井曲线的修改和显示部分，实践证明，这种方法是可行的。     

Uncertainty management with imprecise knowledge with application to design

Uncertainty management is critical to the effective use of knowledge-based systems in a wide variety of domains. Design is typical of these domains in that the implementation of a design in an artifact, the future environment for the artifact, and the component characteristics of the artifact are all uncertain. Existing probabilistic schemes to address the inherent uncertainty in areas like design assume precise knowledge of the probabilities of relevant events. This paper defines a probabilistic method for uncertainty management with imprecise inputs. The approach combines Bayesian inference networks and information theoretic inference procedures. The resulting scheme manages both imprecision and uncertainty in the problem domain. An application of the approach to materiel design is described.     

Modelling Calculi with Name Mobility using Graphs with Equivalences

In the theory of graph rewriting, the use of coalescing rules, i.e., of rules which besides deleting and generating graph items, can coalesce some parts of the graph, turns out to be quite useful for modelling purposes, but, at the same time, problematic for the development of a satisfactory partial order concurrent semantics for rewrites. Rewriting over graphs with equivalences, i.e., (typed hyper)-graphs equipped with an equivalence over nodes provides a technically convenient replacement of graph rewriting with coalescing rules, for which a truly concurrent semantics can be easily defined. The expressivity of such a formalism is tested in a setting where coalescing rules typically play a basic role: the encoding of calculi with name passing as graph rewriting systems. Specifically, we show how the (monadic fragment) of the solo calculus, one of the dialect of those calculi whose distinctive feature is name fusion, can be encoded as a rewriting system over graph with equivalences.     

规则与统计结合分析汉语

在自然语言处理中,规则方法和统计方法各有优缺点。采用规则方法进行汉语切分、标注,并采用规则方法与切分标注评分结合进行消歧。对切分标注正确的句子进行句法分析,并采用规则方法与句法语义评分结合进行消歧。根据对多个结果的评分,选择出评分较大的结果,尽可能早地删除掉不正确的结果,从而加快汉语分析的速度,减少分析的空间消耗,提高分析的正确率。     

Micromovements and discomfort associated with flight mission with helmet operation tasks with different levels of cognitive workload

When performing stationary tasks under elevated cognitive workload, individuals must perform continual muscle contractions to maintain stability of the body, resulting in fatigue of the postural muscles. When the muscles perform these contractions in a prolonged manner, the body potentially responds through small changes in body movements—micromovements that may lead to discomfort. The study purpose was to evaluate impact of cognitive load on micromovements. The micromovements were measured during three different cognitive workloads; low, medium, and high. The NASA-TLX score was used to evaluate the perceived mental workload and discomfort was assessed by visual analog scale. In total, 60 subjects (30 males and 30 females) were recruited and performed cognitive tasks that simulated flight operations such as changing the radio frequency based on air traffic control messages, balancing the fuel levels in simulated fuel tanks, and aiming a reticle in a designated moving target using the cyclic control. Cognitive load was defined by the frequency of events. Micromovements were defined by changes in the center of pressure (COP) of the seat pan and COP standard deviation. It was found that the high cognitive workloads had the highest NASA-TLX scores including mental demands, temporal demands, and effort. The neck area had the highest overall levels of discomfort followed by upper back. The highest standard deviation for COP shift and number of micromovements occurred for medium cognitive workloads. While there were some interesting trends, few trends reached a statistical significance due to high variability among subjects for the outcome variables.