面向Agent的软件工程方法学

面向agent的软件工程技术是软件工程和人工智能领域最重要的新技术之一,与现有的开发方法相比,Agent具有较强能力可以对复杂软件系统中的活动实体进行高层抽象。该文讨论了Agent及面向Agent的软件工程技术,说明了软件开发中面向Agent的分析与设计方法。同时给出了面向Agent软件工程分析方法的一个应用实例来进行说明。     

面向Agent的模糊评标软件模型研究

以电子竞标软件开发项目为背景,探讨了面向Agent的模糊评标软件模型的设计与优化问题.给出模糊评标的软件类构架,并且用设计模式和多Agent的技术进行优化设计;重点提出一种Agent内部的单元结构,并着重分析单元结构的组成原理;探讨了面向Agent的软件模型设计和实现方法,给出了4表相结合的Agent实现模板,并给出了模糊评标关键算法的实现.所提出的面向Agent的软件模型分析过程和实现方法具有一般的理论意义和工程实用价值.     

面向Agent的软件工程:现状与挑战

面向Agent软件工程是近年来软件工程领域出现的一个重要的前沿研究方向，它试图将Agent理论和技术与软件工程的思想、原理和原则相结合，从而为基于Agent系统的开发提供工程化手段．近年来，随着Internet上的web应用以及软件开发社会化的发展，面向Agent软件工程受到了学术界和工业界的高度关注和重视，研究活跃，发展迅速．从应用需求和技术发展两个方面阐述了面向Agent软件工程的产生和发展背景；从技术、管理和工具3个视点综述了现阶段面向Agent软件工程的研究内容；分析了面向Agent软件工程的研究现状；最后讨论了它存在的问题和面临的挑战以指导进一步研究．     

面向Agent的软件设计模式

在近几年的中,Agent技术收到了人们大量的关注.Agent可以理解为是一种具有创新性的软件开发类型,人们对其的研究也逐渐加强.设计模式可以理解为在一类特定的环境中反复出现的一些问题,通过人们的发现和分析找出应对通用问题的解决措施.研究出的设计模式可以在软件开发上有极大的作用,因此其在软件工程中被得到大量的使用.本文将要探讨的内容是面向Agent的软件设计模式,旨在为软件设计领域有更好的发展.     

面向Agent软件工程:现状、挑战与展望

面向Agent软件工程是近年出现的一种新颖软件开发范型,它借助于Agent技术来支持软件系统的工程化开发,被视为是支持复杂软件系统开发的一种重要方法和手段,受到了学术界和工业界的高度关注和重视。尽管在过去十年多的时间里面向Agent软件工程的研究取得了诸多进展,但其技术潜力尚有待进一步发挥,走向大规模工业化应用仍面临诸多问题和挑战。在分析面向Agent软件工程产生背景和技术特点的基础上,从方法、过程和工具三个不同的角度,综述了面向Agent软件工程的研究现状,识别和分析了它当前所面临的一组关键挑战,展望和讨论了其未来的研究方向。     

自适应多Agent系统的面向Agent软件开发方法学ODAM

面向Agent软件工程被视为是一种可有效支持复杂系统开发的新颖软件开发范型.为支持复杂多Agent系统的开发,面向Agent软件工程的研究需发挥Agent技术的潜力和灵活性,借鉴软件工程领域已取得的成果,提出了一个面向Agent软件开发方法学ODAM以支持自适应多Agent系统的开发.ODAM以动态绑定机制作为自适应多Agent系统的核心机制,借助于组织学的概念和思想对自适应多Agent系统进行高层抽象和自然建模,以管理和控制系统的复杂度;集成了迭代开发和MDA方法以适应Agent技术平台的多样性,简化复杂自适应系统的开发.介绍了ODAM的方法学框架和具体的技术细节,包括动态绑定机制、基于组织抽象的元模型和建模语言、基于迭代开发和MDA的软件开发过程,并进行了案例分析.     

面向Agent的软件工程方法学

现实世界中的软件系统越来越大,越来越复杂,使得现有的软件工程技术(如面向对象技术)很难解决系统中存在的一些问题.为了更好地解决这些问题,智能Agent由于其自身所具有的灵活性被应用到软件工程中,据此文中提出了一种新的面向Agent的软件工程方法学.详细介绍了面向Agent的系统建模方法和Agent的体系结构.最后给出了面向Agent的软件工程方法学在RoboCup中的具体应用,表明面向Agent的软件工程方法学为大型复杂系统的设计和实现提供了一种有效的新途径.     

面向Agent的软件工程方法学

现实世界中的软件系统越来越大,越来越复杂,使得现有的软件工程技术(如面向对象技术)很难解决系统中存在的一些问题。为了更好地解决这些问题,智能Agent由于其自身所具有的灵活性被应用到软件工程中,据此文中提出了一种新的面向Agent的软件工程方法学。详细介绍了面向Agent的系统建模方法和Agent的体系结构。最后给出了面向A-gent的软件工程方法学在RoboCup中的具体应用,表明面向Agent的软件工程方法学为大型复杂系统的设计和实现提供了一种有效的新途径。     

面向Agent程序设计的研究

面向Agent程序设计(agent-oriented programming,简称AOP)基于多Agent系统的抽象和思想、借助于Agent理论和技术来支持软件系统的构造与实现,其程序设计思想、软件模型、基础理论和语言设施有别于现有主流程序设计技术,如OOP,代表了一种新颖的程序设计范型.由于多Agent系统被视为支持开放环境下复杂软件系统开发的一种新颖、有效的技术手段,因而近年来AOP受到人工智能、软件工程和分布计算等领域研究学者和工程实践人员的高度关注,并在过去20年取得了重要进展.但是,无论在应对复杂多Agent系统开发方面,还是在大规模工业化应用等方面,AOP的研究与实践都面临着严峻的挑战.作为一种程序设计范型,AOP研究需要在交叉其他学科知识(如人工智能)的基础上,充分借鉴软件工程以及已有程序设计范型的原理、原则和成功实践,从而推动技术走向成熟并为广大工程实践人员所接受.通过对AOP研究历程的系统介绍,从软件工程的视点考虑MAS程序设计的不同层次,综述AOP在程序设计抽象与模型、机制与理论、语言与设施和支撑平台这4个方面的研究成果,展示不同时期AOP研究关注点的变化以及发展趋势,分析当前AOP研究与实践存在的问题和面临的挑战,并展望进一步的研究.     

集成Agent技术和软件工程技术

为了满足日益复杂应用的软件开发需求,近年来Agent技术研究的一项重要趋势是与软件工程技术相结合.讨论了集成Agent技术和软件工程技术的背景和需求;介绍了正在开展的基于组织抽象和Caste机制的面向Agent软件工程研究.该项工作的特点是借助于组织学的高层抽象和概念来支持基于Agent系统的分析、建模和体系结构设计,将Caste视为支持基于Agent系统实现的基本模块构件,并建立沟通这二者之间的技术桥梁.     

ADK: An Agent Development Kit Based on a Formal Design Model for Multi-Agent Systems

The advent of multi-agent systems has brought us opportunities for the development of complex software that will serve as the infrastructure for advanced distributed applications. During the past decade, there have been many agent architectures proposed for implementing agent-based systems, and also a few efforts to formally specify agent behaviors. However, research on narrowing the gap between agent formal models and agent implementation is rare. In this paper, we propose a model-based approach to designing and implementing intelligent agents for multi-agent systems (MAS). Instead of using formal methods for the purpose of specifying agent behavior, we bring formal methods into the design phase of the agent development life cycle. Specifically, we use the formalism called agent-oriented G-net model, which is based on the G-net formalism (a type of high-level Petri net), to serve as the high-level design for intelligent agents. Based on the high-level design, we further derived the agent architecture and the detailed design for agent implementation. To demonstrate the feasibility of our approach, we developed the toolkit called ADK (Agent Development Kit) that supports rapid development of intelligent agents for multi-agent systems and we discuss the role of inheritance in agent-oriented development. As a potential solution for automated software development, we summarize the procedure to generate a model-based design of application-specific agents. Finally, to illustrate an application built on ADK, we present an air-ticket trading example.     

A comprehensive view of agent-oriented patterns

This paper presents a comprehensive framework for classifying, analyzing and describing agent-oriented software patterns. We present a two dimensional scheme for classifying agent-oriented patterns. We define agent-oriented pattern attributes and use these attributes in a process for analyzing and placing agent-oriented patterns within the classification scheme. Using the proposed classification scheme, we classify 28 patterns written by a variety of agent researchers, chosen from almost 100 patterns which we have studied.     

Process models for agent-based development

A great deal of research in the area of agent-oriented software engineering (AOSE) focuses on proposing methodologies for agent systems, i.e., on identifying the guidelines to drive the various phases of agent-based software development and the abstractions to be exploited in these phases. However, very little attention has been paid so far to the engineering process subjacent to the development activity, disciplining the execution of the different phases involved in the software development. In this paper, we focus on process models for software development and put these in relation with current researches in AOSE. First, we introduce the key concepts and issues related to software processes and present the various software process models currently adopted in mainstream software engineering. Then, we survey the characteristics of a number of agent-oriented methodologies, as they pertain to software processes. In particular, for each methodology, we analyze which software process model it (often implicitly) underlies and which phases of the process are covered by it, thus enabling us to identify some key limitations of currently methodology-centered researches. On this basis, we eventually identify and analyze several open issues in the area of software process models for agent-based development, calling for further researches and experiences.     

一个基于智能的MAS模型及其方法论

为了得到好的体系结构模式来将模式驱动的方法用于多智能体系统(MAS)的设计,必须有形式上抽象但是技术上细化的方法论.基于智能思想的提出,使得以智能作桥梁将AO,PO和OO的优点融合,并以此提出一种覆盖了从事务分析到Agent组织系统实现全过程而又比较技术化的方法论IB.同时提出一个基于智能的智能系统模型(MIBIS),通过模型的构造过程来叙述方法论.因为模型以及构造过程的形式化和整个过程的技术化,所以使得该模型和方法论能够被用于体系结构模式的归纳,也能用于工程的实用.而且该模型所表达的结构有良好动态组织性、实用性、实时性、扩展性和重用性.     

基于Agent的网络分布式动态防护体系

从系统科学的观点出发，提出了网络分布式动态防护体系的概念，研究了其基于系统工程与面向Agent的设计思想和方法。据此设计了基于Agent的分布式动态防护体系，论述了数据获取、信息处理、决策响应与辅助等Agent的功能原理及其动态协作关系。该体系具有本质的智能性和动态性，能有效检测并阻断多种入侵，实现了分布动态防护。     

ELDAMeth: An agent-oriented methodology for simulation-based prototyping of distributed agent systems

In application domains, such as distributed information retrieval, content management and distribution, e-Commerce, the agent-based computing paradigm has been demonstrated to be effective for the analysis, design and implementation of distributed software systems. In particular, several agent-oriented methodologies, incorporating suitable agent models, frameworks and tools, have been to date defined to support the development lifecycle of distributed agent systems (DAS). However, few of them provide effective validation methods to analyze design objects at different degrees of refinement before their actual implementation and deployment. In this paper, ELDAMeth, a simulation-based methodology for DAS, which enables rapid prototyping based on visual programming, validation, and automatic code generation for JADE-based DAS, is presented. ELDAMeth can be used both stand-alone for the modeling and evaluation of DAS and coupled with other agent-oriented methodologies for enhancing them with simulation-based validation. In particular, the proposed methodology, which is based on the ELDA (Event-driven Lightweight Distilled StateCharts-based Agents) agent model, provides key programming abstractions (event-driven computation, multi-coordination, and coarse-grained strong mobility) very suitable for highly dynamic distributed computing and is supported by a CASE tool-driven iterative process seamlessly covering the detailed design, simulation, and implementation phases of DAS. A simple yet effective case study in the distributed information retrieval domain is used to illustrate the proposed methodology.     

Adding debugging support to the Prometheus methodology

This paper describes a debugger which uses the design artifacts of the Prometheus agent-oriented software engineering methodology to alert the developer testing the system, that a specification has been violated. Detailed information is provided regarding the error which can help the developer in locating its source. Interaction protocols specified during design, are converted to executable Petri net representations. The system can then be monitored at run time to identify situations which do not conform to specified protocols. A process for monitoring aspects of plan selection is also described. The paper then describes the Prometheus Design Tool, developed to support the Prometheus methodology, and presents a vision of an integrated development environment providing full life cycle support for the development of agent systems. The initial part of the paper provides a detailed summary of the Prometheus methodology and the artifacts on which the debugger is based.