多QoS约束下网格工作流调度的克隆选择算法

多QoS约束下的工作流调度是网格计算中难以求解的问题.在深入剖析该问题难解性基础上,采用克隆选择算法求解该问题.首先通过增加网格服务的唯一标识,简化工作流调度的编码方式.其次,提出QoS偏好的概念,将调度问题的目标函数转换为适应值函数.该算法具有QoS属性的可扩展性.最后通过大量实验,优化算法参数,与基于遗传算法、蚁群算法的调度算法对比,克隆选择算法求解效率较优.在扩展情况下,与单一QoS约束下的时间、费用贪婪算法对比,克隆选择算法能进行最优调度.     

分组交换网络调度算法——SFQ+的研究

分组调度是实现计算机网络QoS保证的核心问题.该文描述了SFQ 分组调度算法,在SFQ算法的基础上引入了DWCS的动态窗函数约束机制,并与传统的SFQ和DWCS算法作了比较,给出了算法的性能评价,对算法的扩展进行了展望.     

基于混合遗传算法的热轧生产调度优化方法

热轧生产调度是一个复杂的约束组合优化问题,其生产约束包括连续轧制板坯的宽度、厚度和硬度跳变要求,轧制单元的最大长度,产品库存及交货期等.基于多旅行商模型,建立了热轧生产批量调度问题的优化模型,并提出一种混合遗传算法(遗传算法、局部搜索)求解该问题.通过应用串行边重组和并行边重组的遗传交叉算子,算法在优化过程中可以很好地处理调度约束.针对工业数据的仿真结果证明该调度模型和混合遗传算法的并行求解策略可以有效地解决热轧生产批量调度问题.     

基于禁忌搜索算法测地卫星任务调度研究

研究测地卫星调度问题,它是一个复杂的组合优化问题,涉及多个卫星,大量的任务与约束限制,何时和如何执行每项任务。分析了问题的主要约束,在合理的假设基础上建立了带有时间窗口多资源调度问题模型,提出一种改进的禁忌搜索算法求解该模型。用实例对模型和算法进行了验证,并将结果与动态规划方法求解结果比较分析,结果表明模型和算法是有效的。     

面向复杂作业车间的交互式两级调度方法

针对边界不确定和具有决策偏好的大规模复杂作业车间调度问题,提出以第1级为交互式约束设置求解,第2级为优化求解的两级调度求解策略.在第1级调度中研究交互式约束满足的基于优先级快速调度构建算法,作为支持决策者交互式约束调整的快速响应求解方法.在第2级调度中以基于优先级的快速调度构建算法为基础,研究以优先级为决策变量的智能优化搜索算法,作为满足第1级调度中的交互式约束的改进优化求解.该方法较好地融入了决策者的经验知识和偏好,同时结合优化搜索求解算法,使得在满足决策者偏好的基础上进一步改进调度求解质量,增加调度求解结果的可信度,在实际应用中取得良好的应用效果.最后,通过一个案例对该两级调度求解策略的过程进行描述,并对所提出方法的有效性进行阐述.     

基于遗传算法的多性能目标网格服务调度算法

在分析状态图工作流模型的基础上，提出了一种网格环境下多QoS（服务质量）约束的组合服务模型，根据提出的模型归纳出了动态服务调度问题的形式化描述，并提出了一种基于遗传算法的动态服务调度算法进行求解.该算法采用基于服务区域及服务实例个数的编码方式，以组合方案的有效性和组合服务的综合QoS参数的效用值作为适应度函数，从而保证组合服务调度的全局QoS要求.与其它算法进行了比较.实验结果显示该算法是可行和有效的．     

资源受限多项目调度问题的两阶段算法

在资源受限项目调度问题中,将可更新资源进一步拓展为具有胜任力差异的人力资源,建立考虑胜任力差异的人力资源受限多目标项目调度问题模型.该模型是对传统多模式资源约束项目调度问题更接近研发项目群实际的扩展.针对模型提出两阶段优化算法,第1阶段是项目时序约束优化阶段,采用蚁群算法(ACO)进行任务列表的优化求解,通过对信息素增量规则的改进、串联进度生成机制(SSGS)及资源冲突消解策略的使用,使蚁群算法的求解效率和质量得以提高;第2阶段是资源约束优化阶段,以第1阶段求得的优化任务列表为输入,逐项对人力资源约束进行核查与调整,最终生成项目调度的优化方案.数值实验表明,考虑胜任力差异的数学优化模型更符合研发项目群管理实践,同时两阶段算法在求解质量方面具有良好性能.     

双层探测卫星网络半分布式资源调度方法

对具有高轨和低轨双层星座的探测卫星网络资源调度问题进行研究,提出一种半分布式调度方法.给出一种基于高轨星覆盖域的低轨星分群算法,在此基础上建立半分布式资源管理机制与对应的资源调度问题多主体求解框架.设计了群间分布协商策略--基于改进合同网的两级协商策略和群内集中调度方法--粒子群调度算法.实验结果表明,同完全分布式和集中式算法相比,该方法具有更优的求解性能和处理动态任务的能力.     

基于预防维护的单机调度问题

在两种维护约束下,研究完工时间之和最小化的单机调度问题.第1种维护约束是,固定周期预防维护;第2种维护约束是,机器工作期间可连续加工的最大工件个数受限.对于这种带有约束的调度问题,根据问题的规模,采用4种方法进行求解.针对小规模问题,建立一个二值整数规划模型,并根据最优解的特性制定剪枝规则,进而给出分支定界算法.针对中、大规模问题,采用遗传算法进行求解,为缓解遗传算法中常见的早熟问题,对变异算子进行改进,采用动态变异方法,提出动态遗传算法.最后通过仿真实验对各种算法进行性能评估.     

工件从大到小到达的带处理器费用的半在线调度算法

对大多数调度问题来说,处理器集往往是事先给定的,而且在算法进行过程中,它是不 变的.Imreh和Noga第一次提出了在调度中考虑处理器有费用的模型.他们研究了所谓的List Model问题,给出了竞争比为1.618的在线算法,同时证明了任意在线算法的竞争比至少是 4/3.该文研究List Model问题的一个半在线情形,即假设工件是从大到小到达的,给出一个竞 争比为3/2的半在线算法.同时证明对该问题的这一半在线情形,任意半在线算法的竞争比至 少是4/3.     

Optimal Time-Critical Scheduling via Resource Augmentation

We consider two fundamental problems in dynamic scheduling: scheduling to meet deadlines in a preemptive multiprocessor setting, and scheduling to provide good response time in a number of scheduling environments. When viewed from the perspective of traditional worst-case analysis, no good on-line algorithms exist for these problems, and for some variants no good off-line algorithms exist unless P = NP . We study these problems using a relaxed notion of competitive analysis, introduced by Kalyanasundaram and Pruhs, in which the on-line algorithm is allowed more resources than the optimal off-line algorithm to which it is compared. Using this approach, we establish that several well-known on-line algorithms, that have poor performance from an absolute worst-case perspective, are optimal for the problems in question when allowed moderately more resources. For optimization of average flow time, these are the first results of any sort, for any NP -hard version of the problem, that indicate that it might be possible to design good approximation algorithms.     

Optimal Time-Critical Scheduling via Resource Augmentation

Abstract. We consider two fundamental problems in dynamic scheduling: scheduling to meet deadlines in a preemptive multiprocessor setting, and scheduling to provide good response time in a number of scheduling environments. When viewed from the perspective of traditional worst-case analysis, no good on-line algorithms exist for these problems, and for some variants no good off-line algorithms exist unless P = NP . We study these problems using a relaxed notion of competitive analysis, introduced by Kalyanasundaram and Pruhs, in which the on-line algorithm is allowed more resources than the optimal off-line algorithm to which it is compared. Using this approach, we establish that several well-known on-line algorithms, that have poor performance from an absolute worst-case perspective, are optimal for the problems in question when allowed moderately more resources. For optimization of average flow time, these are the first results of any sort, for any NP -hard version of the problem, that indicate that it might be possible to design good approximation algorithms.     

基于至少连续满足弱硬实时限制的调度算法

对至少连续满足弱硬实时限制的性质进行了扩充，提出并证明了任务不满足子序列长度与任务连续满足的截止期限数之间的关系.在此基础上提出了改进的弱硬实时限制调度算法：MRA．MRA用于在弱硬实时系统中保证任务满足至少连续满足限制，是一种高效、易于实现的调度算法,仿真实验的结果表明，MRA调度算法在提高任务对限制的满足率和保证任务实时性方面优于同类算法．     

面向多维修中心的资源受限任务调度问题研究

装备维修保障对推进作战顺利进行具有重要作用,合理高效的维修任务调度是维修保障的主要内容。首先讨论了资源受限伴随维修保障任务调度下的资源分类、优先级评估指标、维修调度模型、动态调度算法;其次分析了装备维修工序调度的流程;然后介绍了常见调度问题的目标函数、约束条件、求解算法;最后总结了资源受限任务调度存在的开放性问题和未来的发展方向。     

On-line Multi-threaded Scheduling

On-line scheduling problems are studied with jobs organized in a number of sequences called threads. Each job becomes available as soon as a scheduling decision is made on all preceding jobs in the same thread.We consider two different on-line paradigms. The first one models a sort of batch process: a schedule is constructed, in an on-line way, which is to be executed later. The other one models a real-time planning situation: jobs are immediately executed at the moment they are assigned to a machine.The classical objective functions of minimizing makespan and minimizing average completion time of the jobs are studied.We establish a fairly complete set of results for these problems. One of the highlights is that List Scheduling is a best possible algorithm for the makespan problem under the real-time model if the number of machines does not exceed the number of threads by more than 1. Another one is a polynomial time best possible algorithm for minimizing the average completion time on a single machine under both on-line paradigms.     

云中截止时间动态分配的工作流调度成本优化算法

现如今,如何在满足截止时间约束的前提下降低工作流的执行成本,是云中工作流调度的主要问题之一。三步列表调度算法可以有效解决这一问题。但该算法在截止时间分配阶段只能形成静态的子截止时间。为方便用户部署工作流任务,云服务商为用户提供了的三种实例类型,其中竞价实例具有非常大的价格优势。为解决上述问题,提出了截止时间动态分配的工作流调度成本优化算法(S-DTDA)。该算法利用粒子群算法对截止时间进行动态分配,弥补了三步列表调度算法的缺陷。在虚拟机选择阶段,该算法在候选资源中增加了竞价实例,大大降低了执行成本。实验结果表明,相较于其他经典算法,该算法在实验成功率和执行成本上具有明显优势。综上所述,S-DTDA算法可以有效解决工作流调度中截止时间约束的成本优化问题。     

On-line EM algorithm for the normalized gaussian network

A normalized gaussian network (NGnet) (Moody & Darken, 1989) is a network of local linear regression units. The model softly partitions the input space by normalized gaussian functions, and each local unit linearly approximates the output within the partition. In this article, we propose a new on-line EMalgorithm for the NGnet, which is derived from the batch EMalgorithm (Xu, Jordan, &Hinton 1995), by introducing a discount factor. We show that the on-line EM algorithm is equivalent to the batch EM algorithm if a specific scheduling of the discount factor is employed. In addition, we show that the on-line EM algorithm can be considered as a stochastic approximation method to find the maximum likelihood estimator. A new regularization method is proposed in order to deal with a singular input distribution. In order to manage dynamic environments, where the input-output distribution of data changes over time, unit manipulation mechanisms such as unit production, unit deletion, and unit division are also introduced based on probabilistic interpretation. Experimental results show that our approach is suitable for function approximation problems in dynamic environments. We also apply our on-line EM algorithm to robot dynamics problems and compare our algorithm with the mixtures-of-experts family.     

Dynamic Scheduling and Path Planning of Automated Guided Vehicles in Automatic Container Terminal

The uninterrupted operation of the quay crane (QC) ensures that the large container ship can depart port within laytime, which effectively reduces the handling cost for the container terminal and ship owners. The QC waiting caused by automated guided vehicles (AGVs) delay in the uncertain environment can be alleviated by dynamic scheduling optimization. A dynamic scheduling process is introduced in this paper to solve the AGV scheduling and path planning problems, in which the scheduling scheme determines the starting and ending nodes of paths, and the choice of paths between nodes affects the scheduling of subsequent AGVs. This work proposes a two-stage mixed integer optimization model to minimize the transportation cost of AGVs under the constraint of laytime. A dynamic optimization algorithm, including the improved rule-based heuristic algorithm and the integration of the Dijkstra algorithm and the Q-Learning algorithm, is designed to solve the optimal AGV scheduling and path schemes. A new conflict avoidance strategy based on graph theory is also proposed to reduce the probability of path conflicts between AGVs. Numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm over existing methods.      

Lagrangian relaxation and constraint generation for allocation and advanced scheduling

Diverse applications in manufacturing, logistics, health care, telecommunications, and computing require that renewable resources be dynamically scheduled to handle distinct classes of job service requests arriving randomly over slotted time. These dynamic stochastic resource scheduling problems are analytically and computationally intractable even when the number of job classes is relatively small. In this paper, we formally introduce two types of problems called allocation and advanced scheduling, and formulate their Markov decision process (MDP) models. We establish that these MDPs are “weakly coupled” and exploit this structural property to develop an approximate dynamic programming method that uses Lagrangian relaxation and constraint generation to efficiently make good scheduling decisions. In fact, our method is presented for a general class of large-scale weakly coupled MDPs that we precisely define. Extensive computational experiments on hundreds of randomly generated test problems reveal that Lagrangian decisions outperform myopic decisions with a statistically significant margin. The relative benefit of Lagrangian decisions is much higher for advanced scheduling than for allocation scheduling.