一种融合用户显隐式阅读偏好的论文推荐模型

在海量学术文献的个性化推荐中,现存基于内容的方法以CNN作为特征提取工具,关注用户的显式阅读偏好,却忽略了全局语义特征,而基于图的方法通常忽略用户和论文之间的高阶关联结构信息。针对以上问题,提出一种混合推荐模型GNPR(Graph Neural Paper Recommendation),能够学习更完整的用户显式阅读偏好及用户和论文之间的高阶关联信息。该方法使用Word2vec和DCNN(Dual Convolutional Neural Network)处理文本,以双层自注意力的特征抽取模式学习文本全局特征,补充用户显式阅读偏好。针对概念、用户、论文和论文元数据等数据构建知识图谱,使用改进的图卷积网络学习用户和论文之间的高阶关联信息,从而挖掘用户隐式的阅读偏好。在CiteULike-a等数据集上验证了GNPR模型的有效性。     

面向学术社交网络的多维度团队推荐模型

学术社交网络的出现改变了传统的科研方式,对于如何基于学术社交网络为学者进行团队个性化推荐进行了研究,提出了一种多维度潜在团队推荐模型(multi-faceted team recommendation,MFTR)。该模型首先通过投影梯度非负矩阵分解方法提取团队和用户的特征向量,并根据两者的特征向量计算其相似度,然后再融合用户的社交好友关系和热门团队信息来为用户推荐具有相似研究兴趣的潜在团队。最后在真实学术社交网站——学者网的数据上进行实验,结果表明该模型能有效地提高推荐的准确度,并缓解了冷启动问题。     

结合概率矩阵分解的混合型推荐算法

针对社交网络推荐系统中存在的数据稀疏、冷启动等问题,提出了一种结合特征传递和概率矩阵分解（TPMF）的社交网络混合型推荐算法。以概率矩阵因式分解（PMF）方法作为推荐框架,不仅考虑了用户信任网络,还结合推荐项目之间的关联关系、用户项目评分矩阵和自适应权重来权衡个人潜在特征和社交潜在特征对用户的影响程度。将社交网络中用户间的信任特征传递引入推荐系统中作为推荐的有效依据。实验结果表明,与基于用户的协同过滤（UBCF）、TidalTrust、PMF和SoRec算法相比,TPMF的平均绝对误差（MAE）直接相减后降低了4.1%到20.8%,均方根误差（RMSE）降低了3.3%到18.5%。在冷启动问题中,与上述四种算法相比,TPMF的平均绝对误差相减后降低了1.6%到14.7%,均方根误差降低了约1.2%到9.7%,能有效缓解冷启动问题,提高算法的鲁棒性。     

基于标签相似度计算的学术圈构建方法

为面向学者的社交网络系统中的用户构建学术圈,对促进学者之间的交流具有重要的应用价值。根据学者之间的共同属性进行相似度计算,形成学术领域相似和研究课题相近的学术圈,能让学者们更加紧密和频繁地协同合作。提出了利用学者的学术信息提取代表个人特征的学术标签,并对不同类别标签的权重进行衡量,再通过相似度计算和聚类算法构建学术圈的方法。通过抓取学者社交网络平台SCHOLAT公开的学者信息进行实验,进而验证所提方法的可靠性和实用性。     

融合交互强度的优化社交推荐算法

针对现有社交化推荐算法忽视了评级数据与社交信息之间关联的探索,提出了一种融合交互强度的优化社交推荐算法。首先,利用社交信息和评级数据结合两种相似度丰富社交矩阵;接着,定义用户间交互强度代表用户间复杂关系;最后,利用交互强度与社交关系之间的关联以及用户潜在特征与用户群体参与特征的关联构建新的目标函数,学习用户和项目的潜在特征,实现个性化推荐。在三个真实数据集上进行实验,与基线模型相比,提出的算法在推荐预测精度上有显著提升,且在对不同评级数量的用户进行潜在特征学习时,表现出良好的鲁棒性。综上,融合交互强度可以进一步提升社交化推荐算法性能,增强用户体验感。     

基于图注意力的异构图社交推荐网络

针对现有社交推荐算法忽视了用户潜在关联和项目之间的协作关系,提出了一个新的算法模型GATHGN(GAT based heterogeneous graph neural network),在该模型框架中对用户关联和项目关系统一建模。首先,挖掘用户显式社交关系、潜在关联关系和用户—项目关联关系,从而提取用户社交高阶特征和潜在兴趣高阶特征;而后,基于图注意力机制聚合上述两种高阶特征,逐层更新用户融合特征;最后,依据更新的用户融合特征与项目特征计算最终的推荐结果。在Yelp数据集和Flickr数据集上的实验结果表明,GATHGN的命中率与归一化折损累计增益较基线算法有显著提升。     

科研项目同行评议专家学术专长匹配方法

现有的评审专家推荐过程通常依赖于人工匹配,在进行专家推荐时不能充分捕捉评审项目所属学科与专家研究兴趣之间的语义关联,导致专家推荐的精确性较低。为解决这个问题,提出了一种科研项目同行评议专家学术专长匹配方法。该方法构建学术网络以建立学术实体联系,并设计元路径捕捉学术网络中不同节点间的语义关联;使用随机游走策略获得项目所属学科与专家研究兴趣共现关联的节点序列,并通过网络表示学习模型训练得到具有语义关联的项目所属学科与专家研究兴趣的向量表示;在此基础上,按照项目学科树层次结构逐层计算语义相似度,以实现多粒度的同行评议学术专长匹配。在爬取的知网和万方论文数据集、某专家评审数据集、以及百度百科词向量数据集上得到的实验结果表明,所提方法能提升项目所属学科与专家研究兴趣间的语义关联,并能有效应用于项目评审专家的学术专长匹配。     

融合用户历史行为与社交关系的个性化社交事件推荐方法

为了提升基于事件的社交网络（EBSN）中社交事件的推荐效果,提出了融合用户历史行为和社交关系的个性化社交事件推荐方法。首先采用深度学习技术从用户的历史行为以及用户之间的潜在社交关系两个方面建立用户模型;然后在对用户偏好建模时,引入用户偏好的负向量表示,并使用注意力权重层根据不同的候选推荐事件为用户历史行为中不同的事件和用户社交关系中不同的好友分配不同的权重,同时考虑了事件以及群组的多种特征;最后在真实数据集上进行了大量实验。实验结果表明,该个性化社交事件推荐方法在命中率（HR）、归一化折损累计增益（NDCG）、平均倒数排名（MRR）评价指标上优于对比的深度用户社交事件推荐（DUMER）模型和融合注意力机制的深度兴趣网络（DIN）模型。     

融合重叠社区正则化及隐式反馈的协同过滤方法

针对目前推荐系统存在的数据稀疏和冷启动等问题,提出了一种融合重叠社区正则化及隐式反馈的协同过滤方法（OCRIF）,该方法不仅考虑了用户在社交网络中的社区结构,而且将用户评分信息与社交信息的隐式反馈融入推荐模型之中。此外,由于网络表示学习可以有效学习节点在社交网络的全局结构上的近邻信息,提出了一种网络表示学习增强的OCRIF（OCRIF+）,该方法结合社交网络中用户在网络中的低维表示与用户-商品特征,能更有效地刻画用户之间的相似度及用户对兴趣社区的归属度。多个真实数据集上的实验结果显示：所提出的方法的推荐效果优于同类方法,与TrustSVD方法相比,在FilmTrust、DouBan以及Ciao数据集上,该方法的均方根误差（RMSE）分别下降了2.74%、2.55%以及1.83%,平均绝对误差（MAE）分别下降了3.47%、2.97%以及2.40%。     

利用准私密社交网络文本数据检测抑郁用户的可行性分析

社交媒体的发展为抑郁用户的检测提供了一条新的途径。已有的相关研究通常是利用用户在Twitter、微博等社交网络平台上的用户行为数据或公开发表的文本内容,较少有利用微信朋友圈、QQ空间这种相对比较私密的社交网络数据。直观地,这类准私密社交网络数据更能反映用户的心理健康状况。该文主要讨论利用准私密社交网络文本数据检测抑郁用户的可行性,包括训练样本的选择、特征量化方法、检测模型选择和不同文本特征下的模型分类效果等。实验表明,采用平衡高低分组的方法选择样本比非平衡高低分组样本和离散化的高低分组样本训练的分类器要好;利用Z-score标准化的特征量化方法比直接使用频次或归一化频率要好;随机梯度下降模型SGD较支持向量机SVM等其他用于对比的分类模型要好。实验还发现,相对于词袋、词向量等文本特征,主题特征有较好的效果,可以使社交网络用户抑郁检测模型的F值达到0.753,而对抑郁用户的检测精度达到0.813。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.