基于Matlab的光子晶体波导仿真研究

本文首先介绍了光子晶体波导的原理,然后分析时域有限差分法微分方程及边界条件,最后运用matlab语言实现二维光子晶体波导的仿真。     

基于FDTD二维光子晶体器件设计软件的开发

介绍了一个基于时域有限差分法（FDTD）的二维光子晶体器件设计软件PCCAD，所用的核心算法是时域有限差分法。与同类FDTD商业软件相比，特点在于其具有多种光子晶体结构编辑模板，多种点源、线源，先进的边界吸收技术及多种参数优化扫描等功能。快速傅里叶变换及Pade算法在软件设计中的应用使模拟更加精确、快速。软件适用于各种平面光子晶体的仿真设计，探索新的器件结构。最后，利用此软件设计了直波导、T型波导等二维平面光子晶体器件。     

光子晶体结构参数对直波导型模式转换器性能影响研究

为研究光子晶体结构参数改变对直波导结构的模式转化器效率的影响,通过改变光子晶体间距和形状两个参数,并结合时域有限差分法和直接二元搜索算法分析直波导型模式转化器对应转换效率。仿真结果表明,在正方形光子晶体间距为150 nm时,器件转换效率为94.8%,收敛时间为87分钟。在波长范围在1500 nm到1600 nm时,圆形光子晶体可在64 nm带宽范围内转换效率优于其他两种形状。     

光子晶体研究的现状和发展

光子晶体是80年代末提出的新概念和新材料，是一门涉及光学、材料和器件方面正蓬勃发展的有前途的新学科。回顾光子晶体的历史，介绍光子晶体的相关概念、物理特性、相关应用等。从光子晶体的理论研究、实验研究和应用三个方面展开论述。     

光子晶体的研究及其在传感器中的应用

光子晶体是指具有光子带隙(PBG)特性的人造周期性电介质结构,有时也称为PBG光子晶体结构。按照光子晶体的光子禁带在空间中所存在的维数,可以将其分为一维光子晶体、二维光子晶体和三维光子晶体。光子晶体传感器应用包括应变传感器、温度传感器、化学传感器、光子晶体光纤传感器、长周期光纤光栅(LPFG)生物传感器、LPFG化学传感器等。本文从光子晶体传感器的概述、研究现状和应用几方面对光子晶体传感器的应用进展进行了综述,希望对光子晶体传感器有一个比较全面的了解。     

光子晶体的研究与应用

光子晶体是一种具有光子能带及能隙的新型材料。其特有的性质,使光子晶体具有广阔的应用前景。本文基于固体物理学的基本原理,对光子晶体的理论基础进行了简单介绍,根据其特有结构,对光子晶体的特性做了一定分析,并结合现实需要,综述了光子晶体在光学等方面的应用。     

光子晶体的研究与应用

光子晶体是一种具有光子能带及能隙的新型材料。其特有的性质,使光子晶体具有广阔的应用前景。本文基于固体物理学的基本原理,对光子晶体的理论基础进行了简单介绍,根据其特有结构,对光子晶体的特性做了一定分析,并结合现实需要,综述了光子晶体在光学等方面的应用。     

基于集成光波导的超快光子微积分运算研究进展

为了克服电子计算的速率瓶颈,采用全光计算可以有效释放光子的巨大带宽资源,同时全光计算在全光通信网络中有着举足轻重的作用,集成光波导器件以其尺寸小、质量轻、功率代价小等优势已经成为最受关注的光子计算芯片资源之一。光子微积分运算是指在光域中直接对输入信号进行微积分数学运算。本文回顾了几种 常见的硅基光波导器件用于光子微积分运算的实现方案,包括高阶光子微分运算、分数阶微分运算、高阶常系数微分方程求解、可重构的一阶常系数微分方程求解,分别采用的硅基集成光子器件包括级联马赫增德尔干涉仪、掺杂型马赫增德尔干涉仪、级联微环谐振器和掺杂型微环谐振器。本文指出利用集成光波导器件来实现光子微积分器势必会成为光子微积分运算的重要发展方向。     

基于磁畴壁的超宽带单向波导

基于磁光材料的磁畴壁,提出了一种新型超宽带单向波导。该波导的基本模型是一个金属-铁氧体-铁氧体-金属构成的多层波导系统,中间两层铁氧体为钇铁石榴石(Yttrium iron garnet,YIG),它们分别处于两个大小相等方向相反的外部静态磁场中。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该波导中除了YIG材料固有的光子带隙之外,还存在一个由有限铁氧体厚度导致的新的光子带隙。两个光子带隙均支持能够免疫散射和背向反射的完全单向电磁模式。该波导系统具有结构简单,免疫散射以及超宽单向工作频带等优点,是实现全光子集成电路的有效途径。     

向列相液晶缺陷光子晶体可调谐滤波器的研究

在一维光子晶体中引入向列相液晶作为缺陷层,用电场改变液晶分子的取向,形成光子晶体可调谐滤波器.用传输矩阵法研究了液晶缺陷光子晶体的可调谐滤波特性,模拟计算了电压和液晶材料参数对滤波器透射谱的影响.结果表明,改变电压能容易改变光子晶体滤波器透射峰的位置、强度、个数和带宽,表现出很好的调谐滤波功能.     

三维FDTD众核算法的设计与实现

在电磁学中,时域有限差分算法(FDTD)能够精确地模拟空间中电磁场的变化,在电介质器件设计领域得到了广泛的应用。众核(many-core)处理器片上计算资源丰富,对于计算密集型课题有较好的适应性。通过对麦克斯韦方程FDTD仿真算法的分析,并根据众核处理器的特性,实现了FDTD算法的众核并行。实验结果表明,FDTD算法在众核处理器平台上具有较好的计算效率,能够很好地发挥众核结构的优势。     

Performance analysis and optimization of three-dimensional FDTD on GPU using roofline model

The Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method is commonly used for electromagnetic field simulations. Recently, successful hardware-accelerations using Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) have been reported for the large-scale FDTD simulations. In this paper, we present a performance analysis of the three-dimensional (3D) FDTD on GPU using the roofline model. We find that theoretical predictions on maximum performance agrees well with the experimental results. We also suggest the suitable optimization methods for the best performance of FDTD on GPU. In particular, the optimized 3D FDTD program on GPU (NVIDIA Geforce GTX 480) is shown to be 64 times faster than the naively implemented program on CPU (Intel Core i7 2600).     

Rigorous interference and diffraction analysis of diffractive optic elements using the finite-difference time-domain method

The Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method has proven to be a useful tool to analyze electromagnetic scattering phenomena. In this work, the FDTD method is applied at optical wavelengths. More precisely, we present the results obtained using the FDTD algorithm to simulate the performance of optical devices such as volume diffraction gratings. The Perfectly Matched Layers (PML), Total-Field Scattered-Field formulation (TF/SF) and Near-Field to Far-Field transformation (NF/FF) are some add-ons included in order to correctly calculate the far field distribution obtained from the numerical near-field values computed in the simulation region. These values in the near-field region are computed by illuminating the grating with of a plane wave at the Bragg angle of incidence. In addition, we compare the results obtained by the FDTD method to those obtained using the Rigorous Coupled Wave Theory (RCWT) applied to diffraction gratings. As will be seen in this paper there is good agreement between the two approaches, thus validating our FDTD implementation.     

Study on the propagation properties of TM electromagnetic wave in Lossy left‐handed material based on CUDA‐implemented parallel

By using the method of Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) and the technology of Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA), the propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves in Left‐Handed Materials (LHM) have been studied in this paper. The LHM slab was matched with the free space and the secondary focusing phenomenon of LHM was simulated. Compared with the serial FDTD program, our work showed that this method had a high accuracy. The phase compensation effect and the inverse Snell effect of LHM were also discussed by using the parallel FDTD method based on CUDA, which further proved that our results were consistent with the theoretical study. By comparing the calculation time of traditional FDTD program with that of the CUDA based parallel FDTD program, we conclude that the latter is more efficient than the former. This parallel method can be used as a more efficient way to study LHM.     

Implementation of the iterative finite-difference time-domain technique for simulation of periodic structures at oblique incidence

In this paper we review a recently developed finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) iterative technique for the analysis of periodic structures at oblique incidence. We show how it can be implemented in FDTD code and estimate required computer memory and time resources. To illustrate performance of our technique we demonstrate the plasmon formation in a thin gold film placed at air/glass interface and calculate reflectance from silicon textured coating at oblique incidence.     

Microwave tomography for breast cancer detection on Cell broadband engine processors

Microwave tomography (MT) is a safe screening modality that can be used for breast cancer detection. The technique uses the dielectric property contrasts between different breast tissues at microwave frequencies to determine the existence of abnormalities. Our proposed MT approach is an iterative process that involves two algorithms: Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). It is a compute intensive problem: (i) the number of iterations can be quite large to detect small tumors; (ii) many fine-grained computations and discretizations of the object under screening are required for accuracy. In our earlier work, we developed a parallel algorithm for microwave tomography on CPU-based homogeneous, multi-core, distributed memory machines. The performance improvement was limited due to communication and synchronization latencies inherent in the algorithm. In this paper, we exploit the parallelism of microwave tomography on the Cell BE processor. Since FDTD is a numerical technique with regular memory accesses, intensive floating point operations and SIMD type operations, the algorithm can be efficiently mapped on the Cell processor achieving significant performance. The initial implementation of FDTD on Cell BE with 8 SPEs is 2.9 times faster than an eight node shared memory machine and 1.45 times faster than an eight node distributed memory machine. In this work, we modify the FDTD algorithm by overlapping computations with communications during asynchronous DMA transfers. The modified algorithm also orchestrates the computations to fully use data between DMA transfers to increase the computation-to-communication ratio. We see 54% improvement on 8 SPEs (27.9% on 1 SPE) for the modified FDTD in comparison to our original FDTD algorithm on Cell BE. We further reduce the synchronization latency between GA and FDTD by using mechanisms such as double buffering. We also propose a performance prediction model based on DMA transfers, number of instructions and operations, the processor frequency and DMA bandwidth. We show that the execution time from our prediction model is comparable (within 0.5 s difference) with the execution time of the experimental results on one SPE.     

High Spatial Order Energy Stable FDTD Methods for Maxwell’s Equations in Nonlinear Optical Media in One Dimension

In this paper, we consider electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation in nonlinear optical media in one spatial dimension. We model the EM wave propagation by the time-dependent Maxwell’s equations coupled with a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) for the response of the medium to the EM waves. The nonlinearity in the ODEs describes the instantaneous electronic Kerr response and the residual Raman molecular vibrational response. The ODEs also include the single resonance linear Lorentz dispersion. For such model, we will design and analyze fully discrete finite difference time domain (FDTD) methods that have arbitrary (even) order in space and second order in time. It is challenging to achieve provable stability for fully discrete methods, and this depends on the choices of temporal discretizations of the nonlinear terms. In Bokil et al. (J Comput Phys 350:420–452, 2017), we proposed novel modifications of second-order leap-frog and trapezoidal temporal schemes in the context of discontinuous Galerkin methods to discretize the nonlinear terms in this Maxwell model. Here, we continue this work by developing similar time discretizations within the framework of FDTD methods. More specifically, we design fully discrete modified leap-frog FDTD methods which are proved to be stable under appropriate CFL conditions. These method can be viewed as an extension of the Yee-FDTD scheme to this nonlinear Maxwell model. We also design fully discrete trapezoidal FDTD methods which are proved to be unconditionally stable. The performance of the fully discrete FDTD methods are demonstrated through numerical experiments involving kink, antikink waves and third harmonic generation in soliton propagation.     

Application of FIR‐neural network on finite difference time domain technique to calculate input impedance of microstrip patch antenna

Finite impulse response artificial neural network (FIR‐ANN) is used for speeding up the FDTD. The FIR‐ANN based FDTD (Neuro FDTD) is used to calculate input impedance of coaxial fed stacked microstrip patch antenna. Input impedance obtained by Neuro FDTD and FDTD are compared. It has been observed that Neuro FDTD provides same result with less number of iteration than compared to FDTD. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2010.     

基于GPU的FDTD麦克斯韦方程快速求解

采用图形处理器(GPU)为主计算核心,应用时域有限差分法(FDTD)实现电磁学中麦克斯韦方程组的快速求解。通过对FDTD求解麦克斯韦旋度方程的直接时间域的分析,给出FDTD的仿真算法。根据GPU能高效地提高FDTD的仿真速度,解决FDTD仿真算法中的计算量庞大问题。利用GPU在FDTD计算中的处理能力,实现了更长的脉冲持续时间和庞大的模型求解与仿真,在适当的时间内完成了超大量的仿真计算。根据在CPU和FDTD上的实际计算结果表明,基于GPU的FDTD仿真算法具有高精度和高效率等特点。