基于状态估计的起重机吊重摆角信息获取方法

针对工程实际应用中桥式起重机或门式起重机吊重摆角和摆角角速度不易直接测量的问题,利用小车 位置信息设计了状态观测器,对吊重摆角和摆角角速度信息进行估计．通过引入观测器输出与小车吊重系统输出之 间的差值,该差值经过观测器的增益向量调节送至观测器的输入端,将观测器的极点配置在负实轴上,实现观测器 对摆角和摆角角速度稳定、快速估计．仿真研究表明：基于状态估计的吊重摆角信息获取方法可行,观测器具有较 强的鲁棒性;随极点增大,观测器对吊重和绳长变化具有更宽的适应范围,但极点过大时,会出现估计误差上冲或 下冲现象;当极点确定时,观测器对绳长变化比吊重变化敏感．     

起重机吊重系统状态观测器设计与仿真

针对工程实际中起重机吊重摆角和摆角角速度不易直接测量的问题,利用小车位置信息设计了状态观测器,对吊重摆角和摆角角速度信息进行估计。通过引入观测器输出与小车吊重系统输出之间的差值并经过观测器的增益向量调节送至观测器的输入端,合理配置观测器的极点,实现观测器对摆角和摆角角速度稳定、快速估计。仿真研究表明:基于状态估计的吊重摆角信息获取方法可行,观测器能在2s内实现在线观测,而且具有较强的鲁棒性;随着极点的增大,观测器对吊重和绳长的变化具有更宽的适应范围,但极点过大时,估计误差会出现上冲或下冲的现象;观测器对绳长的变化始终比对吊重的变化更敏感。     

基于状态估计的起重机吊重摆角衰减方法

研究桥式起重机防摇控制问题,针对工程实际中起重机吊重摆角和摆角角速度不易直接测量的问题,采用小车位置信息,设计状态观测器,通过引入观测器输出与小车吊重系统输出的差值.并经过观测器的增益向量调节送至观测器的输入端,观测器的4个极点均配置在复平面的负实轴上.通过反馈观测器的状态变量估计信息形成闭环控制系统,使吊重摆角在规定时间内以指定误差衰减为零,达到吊重摆角防摇控制.仿真结果表明,观测器在2s前精确估计吊重摆角及其角速度信息,吊重摆角在6s内得到有效防摇控制,证明了系统设计合理和有效.     

基于降维观测器的起重机吊重防摇系统研究

对直流电压控制桥门式起重机小车驱动电机的小车吊重动力学系统,设置降维观测器,用小车位置和速度信息对摆角、摆角角速度和驱动力进行估计,从而解决了工程实际中这些状态变量不易直接测得的问题.为了防止吊重摇摆,采用全状态反馈形成吊重防摇的闭环控制系统,并给出了控制系统结构以及降维观测器和反馈控制器增益参数的确定方法.仿真结果表明:各状态变量能从观测时间开始消除重构误差;吊重摆角能在小车指定位置和时间内衰减为零,其余状态变量也有良好的动态特性.     

非独立悬架车辆自激摆振的数值仿真分析

基于一个三自由度的转向系统模型,利用数值仿真方法分析了横拉杆刚度、主销后倾角、转向机刚度、轮胎侧偏刚度、轮胎拖距、转向机阻尼、绕主销当量阻尼等参数对载重汽车自激型摆振的影响.仿真分析的结果表明,上述参数发生变化时,可诱发自激摆振,但车速也是影响摆振的关键因素之一.在确定的系统参数和车速下,初始激励不仅可能诱发稳定的自激摆振,还可能是发散的运动.与受迫型自激摆振不同,自激型摆振的频率变化与车速的变化并不一致.     

起重机吊重系统降维观测器设计与仿真

研究起重机吊重系统稳定性控制问题,由于吊重过程产生摆动,起重机吊重系统防摇控制技术中的摆角和摆角速度信息难以准确测量,影响吊重的安全性。为此提出设计了起重机吊重系统降维状态观测器,给出了状态观测器的结构和增益矩阵,实现对摆角和摆角速度的状态信息重构。观测器能够分别在3.5s和1s内估计出系统的摆角和角速度,而且有较强的鲁棒性,实现防摇控制。由于观测器增益参数对观测器极点变化具有不同程度的敏感性,极点越大,收敛速度越快,观测时间越短。但是极点过大也会导致误差出现急剧峰值,不利于防摇实现。仿真结果表明,合理选择极点和设计降维观测器结构能够很好实现状态信息的软测量控制问题。     

双吊具欠驱动桥吊的建模与仿真

较之于传统的单吊具桥吊,双起升双吊具桥吊是一种新型高效集装箱装卸机械,但其本质上是一类复杂的欠驱动非线性系统,其建模和控制方法存在较大难度。利用拉格朗日分析方法和仿真手段对双起升双吊具桥吊的动力学特性进行了研究,分析了吊绳长度和负载变化对桥吊动态特性的影响,以及作业环境中的摩擦力和空气阻力对模型特性的影响;建立了双起升双吊具桥吊的动力学模型,并进行了简化。最后,仿真研究为验证双起升双吊具桥吊的动力学模型的正确性提供了依据。     

伴有初始负载摆角的桥式起重机能量防摆控制

桥式起重机是一种广泛应用的大型搬运设备,在实际工作过程中,台车运动时会产生伴有初始负载摆角的负载摆动,影响工作效率并带来安全隐患.针对这种情况,设定期望的台车误差轨迹和摆角误差轨迹,将桥式起重机动力学模型转换为误差跟踪动力学模型,提出一种基于能量分析方法的桥式起重机防摆控制策略.通过LaSalle不变性原理和Lyapunov方法对闭环系统的稳定性进行理论分析.仿真与实验结果表明,所提防摆控制方法的控制性能几乎不受初始负载摆角的影响,可以保证桥式起重机在无初始负载摆角和带有初始负载摆角的情况下都能取得良好的控制效果,能够驱动台车准确到达目标位置,有效抑制并快速消除负载摆角,同时对外部扰动具有很强的鲁棒性.     

起落架磁流变减摆器模糊PID控制算法的研究

为了减小飞机机轮的摆振,提高飞机乘坐的舒适性和驾驶的安全性,将磁流变控制技术应用于飞机起落架减摆器,实现减摆器阻尼力的实时智能控制;针对磁流变减摆器,建立了飞机起落架摆振的半主动控制非线性动力学模型,设计了模糊PID控制算法,并使用Matlab/Simulink建立了半主动控制仿真模型;通过调节流过磁感线圈的电流大小改变磁流变减摆器的阻尼力,从而减小机轮摆动实现半主动控制;通过动力学仿真,在给定速度下分别对比未安装减摆器、被动控制下以及半主动控制下机轮摆角、侧向位移、侧滑角随时间变化的曲线,结果表明了模糊PID控制算法的正确性和可行性,该控制策略可以较好的抑制机轮的摆振,同时也表明模糊PID控制算法具有良好的可控性,减摆效果也明显优于传统的被动控制。     

非线性优化PID控制在桥式起重机防摆中的应用

控制或消除吊重摇摆对提高起重机工作效率、减少装卸作业安全隐患具有重要意义。以桥式起重机为例,建立其非线性模型,对负载摆动的动态过程进行动力学分析,研究负载摆动过程对系统的影响。以此为基础在Simulink环境下设计双闭环机构的PID控制器,通过非线性优化NCD模块对其进行参数优化。实验结果证明:该方法可快速准确确定PID控制器优化参数,5 s内可消除摆动,达到满意的控制效果;即使在吊重和绳长发生改变时系统仍具有一定鲁棒性。     

A practical fuzzy controllers scheme of overhead crane

This paper presents fuzzy-based design for the control of overhead crane.Instead of analyzing the complex nonlinear crane system,the proposed approach uses simple but effective way to control the crane.There are twin fuzzy controllers which deal with the feedback information,the position of trolley crane and the swing angle of load,to suppress the sway and accelerate the speed when the crane transports the heavy load.This approach simplifies the designing procedure of crane controller;besides,the twin controller method reduces the rule number when fulfilling the fuzzy system.Finally,experimental results through the crane model demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheme.     

A practical fuzzy controllers scheme of overhead crane

1IntroductionThe overhead crane systemis widely usedinindustryformoving heavy cargos .Thus anti_sway and position controlhave become the requirements as a core technology forautomated crane systemthat are capable of flexible spatialautomatic conveyance .The purpose of crane control is to reduce the swing ofthe load while movingthe trolleyto the desired position asfast as possible .However ,the overhead crane has seriousproblems :the crane acceleration,required for motion,always induces undesir…     

Swing angle estimation for anti-sway overhead crane control using load cell

Overhead crane movement results in suspended load sway, which may cause dangers and damages. Common anti-sway methods are based on swing angle information. This paper presents a novel method that uses load cell sensors for swing angle estimation. According to our proposed method, a damping signal is generated and added to the speed reference in order to suppress the suspended load sway. Conventional methods of swing angle estimation are based on measurement by camera vision, acceleration, or some other type of sensor. Compared to conventional methods, the proposed method based on load cell is simpler to build and less sensitive to ambient conditions. The effectiveness of the method is verified by computer simulation.     

Inverse motion planning method for overhead crane systems with state constraints

The trajectory planning problem with state constraints of overhead crane systems is considered in this paper. A new method, that is, an inverse motion planning method, is proposed. On this basis, a new trajectory planner is designed. The payload swing angle trajectory is designed first, and then by substituting it into the dynamic equations, the trolley trajectory is derived. For any transportation tasks, the adjustable parameter of the planner is computed by solving the state constraints such that the system states; that is, the trolley acceleration, trolley speed, and payload swing angle will not exceed their predefined constraints. Several experimental tests are conducted to verify the swing elimination performance of the proposed method.     

The switching algorithm for the control of overhead crane

This paper presents the fuzzy logic based method to control the trolley cranes. The information, including the position of trolley, load swing and the differences between the present and previous signals, are applied to derive the proper power to drive the trolley. An easy but effective switching algorithm is investigated to improve the control of trolley and suppress the load swing in this paper. This also helps to enhance the control power of the crane to depart from the deadzone. Finally, several experiments through the scaled trolley crane demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheme.This work was supported by the National Science Council of the Republic of China under Grant NSC-91-2213-E-231-007.     

一种直接基于摆角约束的欠驱动桥式吊车轨迹规划方法

针对非线性桥式吊车系统,本文提出了一种新颖的基于摆角约束的轨迹规划方法.为了提高运送过程的效率和安全性,论文设计了期望轨迹以实现如下优点: 1)使台车很快到达目标位置; 2)将负载摆角抑制到可接受的范围之内; 3)当负载在目标位置停止时无残余摆动.具体而言,所设计的轨迹由三个阶段构成,每一阶段均根据抗摆和零残余摆角的要求来构造摆角曲线,在此基础上,利用桥式吊车的非线性运动学方程分析得到台车轨迹.论文引入了一种优化机制对运送时间,最大摆角等指标进行折衷考虑.文中通过仿真和实验结果表明了所设计的直接基于摆角约束的轨迹规划方法的性能.     

一种直接基于摆角约束的欠驱动桥式吊车轨迹规划方法（英文）

This paper proposes a novel swing constraint-based trajectory planning method for nonlinear overhead crane systems.To enhance the efficiency and security of the transportation process, some desired trajectories are designed to achieve the following merits: 1) leading the trolley to reach the destination sufficiently fast; 2) keeping the payload swing in an acceptable domain;3) eliminating the residue swing when the trolley stops at the desired position. Specifically, the trajectories are divided into three stages. For each stage, the desired curve of the swing angle is directly constructed in accordance with anti-swing and zero-residual swing requirements, based on which the trolley trajectory is then obtained by analyzing the nonlinear kinematics of the crane system.An optimization mechanism is introduced to make intelligent compromises among the indices of transportation time, maximal swing angle, and so on. Both simulation and experimental results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed direct swing constraint-based trajectory planning method.