五指形仿人机械手的设计与实现及示教

设计和实现了一个具有五个手指和手掌的仿人机械手（以下简称仿人机械手）,并利用数据手套对其进行了示教,使其能有效地完成复杂的作业。首先,以现有的仿人机械手研究成果为基础,对仿人机械手进行了优化设计和实现;然后,以数据手套为示教源,对仿人机械手示教模型进行了研究,采用D-H变换矩阵建立了仿人机械手的逆向运动学,解决了示教运动映射问题。最后,利用仿人机械手进行了若干作业实验,实验结果证明了仿人机械手及其示教模型的正确性。     

一种基于气动柔性驱动器的仿人机械手设计

为了提高柔性机械手结构刚性，保证其柔顺性以及实现灵巧运动，本文基于柔性驱动器技术，分析人手的外形、结构和运动特点，采取以气动柔性驱动器作为驱动关节的驱动方式，再结合刚性机械结构，设计出一种具有气动柔性手指、拇指对掌关节、刚性掌部的仿人机械手，并对其进行了姿态及抓握实验。实验结果表明，该仿人机械手具有良好的灵巧性和稳定的抓取能力。     

基于数据手套的仿人机械手控制系统

为了以自然、直观的方式控制仿人机械手,提高仿人机械手的操作性能,设计和实现了基于数据手套的仿人机械手控制系统.提出了从14-传感器数据手套到仿真虚拟手和五指型仿人机械手的关节角度映射方案.设计了实时仿真控制和在线控制两类控制模式,提出的借助仿真虚拟手可及时展示控制效果,解决了在线控制仿人机械手时运动时延带来的控制不直观的问题.实验结果证明了基于数据手套的仿人机械手控制系统的正确性和实用性.     

气动柔性五指机械手的运动学及抓持能力

根据人手仿生学结构,采用2种自主开发的柔性关节,研发了气动柔性仿人机械手.该机械手有5根手指,每根手指由关节本体和驱动装置复合一体的3个柔性关节组成.首先采用参数化齐次坐标变换矩阵,建立了机械手运动学方程.而且分析了机械手的工作空间,并对机械手摆出复杂手势和取物进行了仿真.相应的实物样机实验通过机械手气动平台完成,验证了该机械手的灵活性及其功能.测试了柔性手指在不同通气方式下手指各关节的夹持力.该机械手具有较高灵活性,能够完成抓、握、捏、夹和拧等13种取物模式,对物形变化具有较强的适应性.     

仿人形机器人两眼协调运动控制系统的实现

人的两个眼球通常都是协调运动的,两个眼球各自独立地运动是不可能的。为此,我们以人的视觉生理学和解剖学研究成果为基础,对上述人的视觉机理进行研究,目的是简化人类复杂的视觉反馈系统,研制出相应的仿人形机器人视觉系统。本文主要介绍作者开发的一个仿人形机器人两眼协调运动控制系统及其控制软件。该控制系统及其控制软件可以用于实时地追踪、定位和识别活动人脸等运动目标。     

一种微细零件上下料机械手的设计与仿真

针对研制一种微细零件的CNC加工装备,提出了能快速反应的移动机械手的总体方案,实现仿人动作。基于多体系统运动学理论和齐次变换矩阵,建立了机械手的运动学模型,得出了机械手末端的向量方程,并在此基础上利用蒙特卡洛法求解上下料机械手的工作空间。对机械手的结构进行了适当简化后,将所建立的三维模型导入到Adams软件中进行运动学仿真,得到了机械手卜任意一点的位移、速度和受力等方面的分析曲线,对机械手控制的实现及物理样机的制作奠定了基础。     

基于仿人机械手的五指力封闭抓取算法

手是人类在长期进化过程中形成的最完美的工具,能够灵活、精细的进行抓取物体等操作。机械手设计初衷是取代人手完成工作,是机器人系统的重要组成部分,因此抓取物体等操作一直是仿人机械手的研究重点。传统的抓取方法是利用机械手三指形成力封闭完成任务。但由于机械手本身结构复杂等原因,易出现控制信号偏差或某自由度未达到要求水平,使得抓取过程中目标物体脱落等问题。为了使机械手达到稳定抓取的效果,本文提出了一种效仿人手抓取的五指力封闭抓取算法,其本质是利用冗余机制解决传统三指抓取过程中可能出现的抓取不平稳或脱落的问题。首先,基于三指力平衡算法的思想上提出了满足五指力封闭抓取算法的条件。然后,对五指力封闭抓取算法进行了充分性和必要性的证明。最后,通过仿真环境下的实验抓取不同目标物体,验证了五指力封闭算法的可行性及必要性。     

基于VC++的并联机械手轨迹规划及算法

介绍了新型3p6ss并联机械手轨迹的规划和算法.该项目以vc 为基础,利用OpenGL进行实体仿真建模后,优化仿 真软件,研究可交互性轨迹算法,用c语言编程,实现轨迹的可操控性,可选择性.利用mathmatica计算实体机械手轨迹及相 应驱动电机转数.文章同时给出了仿真结果.     

过程控制中的仿人智能控制算法

过程控制对象难以建立精确的数学模型,仿人智能控制以人的思维方式、控制经验、行为和直觉推理为基础,避开了求解繁琐的对象模型或建立脑模型时遇到的种种难题,因此它在过程控制中将会显示出其独特的优势;文中详细讨论了应用于过程控制中的仿人智能控制算法;最后,现场应用表明仿人智能控制是过程控制中的最佳选择。     

4DOF仿人手概念设计与抓持能力分析

本文提出了一种4自由度仿人手的概念设计及自由度分配方案,拟通过进行自由度的合理分配,提高少自由度仿人手的抓持能力,从而解决仿人手目前面临的少自由度和高抓持性能需求的矛盾.借鉴人手抓持分类方法,分别就精度抓持、力度抓持及人手常用抓持手势、手语进行抓持规划,并利用虚拟样机技术进行抓持仿真,表明该手能够完成抓圆柱、圆锥、球及拇指与其余手指对捏等不同类型的抓持任务.同时该手还可做出握手、OK等手势以及13种聋哑人字母语的手语,表明该手具有一定的用人类手势手语方式与人交流的能力.     

Fuzzy sliding mode control of a finger of a humanoid robot hand

Abstract: The motion control problem for the finger of a humanoid robot hand is investigated. First, the index finger of the human hand is dynamically modelled as a kinematic chain of cylindrical links. During construction of the model, special attention is given to determining bone dimensions and masses that are similar to the real human hand. After the kinematic and dynamic analysis of the model, in order to ensure that the finger model tracks its desired trajectory during a closing motion, a fuzzy sliding mode controller is applied to the finger model. In this controller, a fuzzy logic algorithm is used in order to tune the control gain of the sliding mode controller; thus, an adaptive controller is obtained. Finally, numerical results, which include a performance comparison of the proposed fuzzy sliding mode controller and a conventional sliding mode controller, are presented. The results demonstrate that the proposed control method can be used to perform the desired motion task for humanoid robot hands efficiently.     

仿人机器人复杂动作设计中人体运动数据提取及分析方法

提出了仿人机器人复杂动作设计中人体运动数据提取及分析方法. 首先, 通过运动捕捉系统获取人体运动数据, 并采用运动重定向技术, 输出人--机简化模型的数据; 然后, 对运动数据进行分析和运动学解算, 给出基于人体运动数据的仿人机器人逆运动学求解方法, 得到仿人机器人模型的关节角数据; 再经过运动学约束和稳定性调节后, 生成能够应用于仿人机器人的运动轨迹. 最终, 通过在仿人机器人BHR-2上进行刀术实验验证了该方法的有效性.     

Virtual circle mapping for master–slave hand systems

The classical mapping methods were developed based on anthropomorphic robot hands. Normally, they are not applicable or cannot provide satisfactory performance if the robot hand is non-anthropomorphic. This paper presents a virtual circle mapping method dealing with the three-fingered non-anthropomorphic robot hand. The basic idea is to express the operator's motion by a virtual circle determined by the three fingertips. Four sets of parameters are used to describe the circle: circle radius, central angles, circle center and circle orientation. By transforming the four sets of parameters from the human frame to the robot frame, the information of relative positions between the fingertips is delivered. The robot fingertip positions are then computed according to the transformed parameters. The concept is introduced and implemented on a specific three-fingered non-anthropomorphic robot hand. The simulation results and the experiments have shown that the proposed method is able to obtain better workspace matching and, thus, the operator can tele-control the robot hand more intuitively.     

Integrating a flexible anthropomorphic, robot hand into the control, system of a humanoid robot

This article presents the approaches taken to integrate a novel anthropomorphic robot hand into a humanoid robot. The requisites enabling such a robot hand to use everyday objects in an environment built for humans are presented. Starting from a design that resembles the human hand regarding size and movability of the mechatronical system, a low-level control system is shown providing reliable and stable controllers for single joint angles and torques, entire fingers and several coordinated fingers. Further on, the high-level control system connecting the low-level control system with the rest of the humanoid robot is presented. It provides grasp skills to the superior robot control system, coordinates movements of hand and arm and determines grasp patterns, depending on the object to grasp and the task to execute. Finally some preliminary results of the system, which is currently tested in simulations, will be presented.     

Modeling and design of a humanoid robotic face based on an active drive points model

This study develops a face robot with human-like appearance for making facial expressions similar to a specific subject. First, an active drive points (ADPs) model is proposed for establishing a robotic face with less active degree of freedom for bipedal humanoid robots. Then, a robotic face design method is proposed, with the robot possessing similar facial appearance and expressions to that of a human subject. A similarity evaluation method is presented to evaluate the similarity of facial expressions between a robot and a specific human subject. Finally, the proposed facial model and the design methods are verified and implemented on a humanoid robot platform.     

拟人机器人TH-1手臂运动学

拟人机器人手臂的主要特点是它的运动功能，能够实现握手、行走时掌握平衡等动作．本文 主要针对自行设计的具有转摆结构的拟人机器人TH-1手臂机构进行了运动学分析，为其控 制提供数学基础．提出了坐标变换、三角变换等方法，巧妙求解出拟人机器人TH-1手臂逆 向运动学的解析表达式．建立了仿真软件平台，验证了运动学正逆向方程的有效性．     

A human-like real-time grasp synthesis method for humanoid robot hands

This paper addresses a real-time grasp synthesis of multi-fingered robot hands to find grasp configurations which satisfy the force closure condition of arbitrary shaped objects. We propose a fast and efficient grasp synthesis algorithm for planar polygonal objects, which yields the contact locations on a given polygonal object to obtain a force closure grasp by a multi-fingered robot hand. For an optimum grasp and real-time computation, we develop the preference and the hibernation process and assign the physical constraints of a humanoid hand to the motion of each finger. The preferences consist of each sublayer reflecting the primitive preference similar to the conditional behaviors of humans for given objectives and their arrangements are adjusted by the heuristics of human grasping. The proposed method reduces the computational time significantly at the sacrifice of global optimality, and enables grasp posture to be changeable within 2-finger and 3-finger grasp. The performance of the presented algorithm is evaluated via simulation studies to obtain the force-closure grasps of polygonal objects with fingertip grasps. The architecture suggested is verified through experimental implementation to our developed robot hand system by solving 2- or 3-finger grasp synthesis.     

Development of flexible joints for a humanoid robot that walks on an oscillating plane

In this study, we develop flexible joints for a humanoid robot that walks on an oscillating plane and discuss their effectiveness in compensating disturbances. Conventional robots have a rigid frame and are composed of rigid joints driven by geared motors. Therefore, disturbances, which may be caused by external forces from other robots, obstacles, vibration and oscillation of the surface upon which the robot is walking, and so on, are transmitted directly to the robot body, causing the robot to fall. To address this problem, we focus on a flexible mechanism. We develop flexible joints and incorporate them in the waist of a humanoid robot; the experimental task of the robot is to walk on a horizontally oscillating plane until it reaches the desired position. The robot with the proposed flexible joints, reached the goal position despite the fact that the controller was the same as that used for a conventional robot walking on a static plane. From these results, we conclude that our proposed mechanism is effective for humanoid robots that walk on an oscillating plane.