基于蚁群算法的无线传感器网络能量有效路由算法研究

本文结合蚁群算法的理论,提出了改进的能量有效路由算法(IEEABR),该算法在蚂蚁数据包结构、概率选择公式及信息素更新公式等方面做了改进.通过为前向蚂蚁与后向蚂蚁设计不同的报文结构提高了传输效率.概率选择过程中考虑邻居剩余能量的相对大小,能够避免蚂蚁选择能量较小的邻居作为下一跳,均衡了网络能量的消耗.让前向蚂蚁在路径搜...     

基于Q学习的蚁群优化水声网络协议

针对水声通信中数据传输延时高且动态适应性弱的问题, 提出了一种基于Q学习优化的蚁群智能水声网络路由协议(Q-learning ant colony optimization, QACO). 协议包括路由行为和智能决策部分, 在路发现和维护阶段, 依靠网络智能蚂蚁进行网络拓扑环境的构建和节点之间的信息交换以及网络的维护. 在Q学习阶段, 通过定量化节点能量和深度以及网络传输延时学习特征作为折扣因子和学习率, 以延长网络的生命周期, 降低系统能耗和延时. 最后通过水声网络环境进行仿真, 实验结果表明QACO在能耗、延迟和网络生命周期方面都优于基于Q学习辅助的蚁群算法(Q-learning aided ant colony routing protocol, QLACO)和基于 Q-learning 的节能和生命周期感知路由协议(Q-learning-based energy-efficient and lifetime-aware routing protocol, QELAR)和基于深度路由协议 (depth-based routing, DBR)算法.     

Ant-based survivable routing in dynamic WDM networks with shared backup paths

In this paper, we consider the problem of survivable routing in dynamic WDM networks with single link failure model. Our work mainly concerns in how to dynamically determine a protection cycle (i.e., two link-disjoint paths between a node pair) to establish a dependable lightpath with backup paths sharing. This problem is identified as NP-complete, thus a heuristic for finding near optimal solution with reasonable computation time is usually preferred. Inspired from the principle of ant colony optimization, we propose in this paper an ant-based mobile agents algorithm for this problem with improved blocking performance. To enable the new ant-based algorithm, we propose to use on each network node both a routing table that contains a set of feasible protection cycles between source destination nodes and also a pheromone table for mobile agents. By keeping a suitable number of mobile agents in a network to continually and proactively update the routing tables based on the current network congestion state, the routing solution of a connection request can be obtained with a reasonable computation time. Extensive simulation results upon the ns-2 network simulator and two typical network topologies show that our new algorithm can achieve a significantly lower blocking probability than the promising algorithm for dynamic lightpath protection proposed in [11] with a comparable computation complexity.     

The performance of a hybrid routing intelligent algorithm in a mobile ad hoc network

End-to-end delay, power consumption, and communication cost are some of the most important metrics in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) when routing from a source to a destination. Recent approaches using the swarm intelligence (SI) technique proved that the local interaction of several simple agents to meet a global goal has a significant impact on MANET routing. In this work, a hybrid routing intelligent algorithm that has an ant colony optimisation (ACO) algorithm and particle swarm optimisation (PSO) is used to improve the various metrics in MANET routing. The ACO algorithm uses mobile agents as ants to identify the most feasible and best path in a network. Additionally, the ACO algorithm helps to locate paths between two nodes in a network and provides input to the PSO technique, which is a metaheuristic approach in SI. The PSO finds the best solution for a particle’s position and velocity and minimises cost, power, and end-to-end delay. This hybrid routing intelligent algorithm has an improved performance when compared with the simple ACO algorithm in terms of delay, power consumption, and communication cost.     

蚁群优化算法在Ad Hoc网络路由中的应用

针对蚁群算法固有的搜索时间长、易陷入局部最优解的缺点,提出一种改进的基于蚁群算法的Ad Hoc网络路由算法。通过采取赌轮方式和扩散信息素提高路由搜索能力,绕开能量低的邻居节点均衡网络节点能量;同时对路由表做出修改,提高路由算法性能,增强算法的适应能力。经过与已有路由算法AODV的仿真比较,结果表明该算法不仅增加了路径的搜索多样性,减少了路径收敛时间,而且提高了网络的生存时间。     

基于蚁群优化的AdHoc网络生存时间和其他网络性能平衡路由协议

本文提出了基于蚁群优化(ACO)算法的Ad Hoc网络生存时间和其他网络性能平衡路由协议(ABEAR)。协议按需发送人工蚂蚁进行路由发现,综合节点残留的信息素浓度、下一跳节点剩余能量、节点周围链路质量和拥塞情况选择下一跳节点来转发数据包,尽量避开信道使用频率较高的路径,减少了因信道冲突、数据包丢失和数据包重传所造成的能量损失,还缩短了网络传输时延,提高了网络吞吐量。协议还采用跨层机制根据MAC层通信活动情况,在保证网络连通性的前提下使部分空闲节点转入睡眠状态来节省能量消耗。仿真表明,与AODV协议相比,ABEAR协议在网络生存时间、数据包交付率和端到端平均时延方面均有较大改善。     

Study on the algorithm for smart community sensor network routing with adaptive optimization via cluster head election

To reduce the uneven energy consumption for the data transmission and extend network life of intelligent community sensor network, an adaptive routing optimized algorithm for intelligent community sensor networks with cluster head election is proposed. In this algorithm, a three-dimensional clustering method adapted to the structure of intelligent community sensor network is proposed. The three-dimensional clustering method uses the cluster head election mechanism based on minimizing the total transmission loss to optimize the energy of the intelligent community sensor network. Second, an adaptive ant colony propagation method is proposed to solve the problem of intercluster data propagation after clustering. With the best path finding algorithm of ant colony algorithm, energy balance routing with lower energy loss and lower packet error rate is proposed. Finally, the simulation results show that the algorithm has better performance in reducing energy consumption and delay, improving transmission efficiency and node survival time.     

针对Ad Hoc网络组播组发现的蚁群算法

针对将蚁群算法应用于Ad Hoc网络组播寻路中存在无法同时找到多目标的局限性,提出了一种采用逆向寻路的解决方案。当前进蚂蚁在到达接收端时,会自动复制出若干个返回蚂蚁并进行回溯,而这些返回的蚂蚁并不是按原路返回,而是进行反向的寻路,同时原前进蚂蚁将继续寻找其他多目标并进行相同的操作。仿真结果与原始蚁群算法进行了比较,可以发现在延迟、带宽消耗、发包数上逆向蚁群算法要优于原始蚁群算法。仿真实验表明,改进的蚁群算法减少了为寻找多目标所造成的延迟,并且提高了算法的收敛速度。     

Ant colony algorithms in MANETs: A review

Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) consist of special kind of wireless mobile nodes which form a temporary network without using any infrastructure or centralized administration. MANETs can be used in wide range of future applications as they have the capability to establish networks at anytime, anywhere without aid of any established infrastructure. It is a challenging task to find most efficient routing due to the changing topology and the dynamic behavior of the nodes in MANET. It has been found that ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithms can give better results as they are having characterization of Swarm Intelligence (SI) which is highly suitable for finding the adaptive routing for such type of volatile network. ACO algorithms are inspired by a foraging behavior of group of ants which are able to find optimal path based upon some defined metric which is evaluated during the motion of ants. ACO routing algorithms use simple agents called artificial ants which establish optimum paths between source and destination that communicate indirectly with each other by means of stigmergy. Keeping in view of the above, in this paper we provide a taxonomy of various ant colony algorithms with advantages and disadvantages of each others with respect to various metrics.     

传感器网络中单源单汇路由问题的模型与算法

路由问题是无线传感器网络中的核心问题之一,寻找从源到汇的最小费用路径非常困难。蚁群优化算法是最近提出的求解复杂组合优化问题的启发式算法,该算法能够在完全分布式环境下对复杂问题进行求解。文章建立了无线传感器网络中单源单汇路由问题的数学模型,并给出了基于蚁群优化的求解算法。     

CCN中基于邻居协作的多态蚁群路由算法

内容中心网络是一种全新的网络体系结构,通过内容名字进行寻址和路由。然而,现有经典蚁群优化算法收敛速度慢、不能充分利用节点缓存,提出一种新的基于邻居协作的多态蚁群路由算法。在CCN上添加一个含有三种状态蚂蚁的覆盖层,通过节点信息素的动态变化来实时控制各种状态蚂蚁的转发概率;用户请求路由过程中,针对“高流行度”和“低流行度”的内容执行差异化邻居缓存探索策略,在引入少量网络开销的前提下实现兴趣包的快速应答。仿真结果表明,所提出的算法在加快收敛速度、降低内容请求时延和减小阻塞率等方面有较好的表现。     

基于蚁群算法的无线传感器网络节点可信安全路由

针对无线传感器网络内部恶意节点可能产生的攻击,提出一种基于蚁群算法的节点可信安全路由协议,将节点信任评估模型引入到蚁群路由算法中,提高无线传感器网络的节点可信度,以节点可信度为依据隔离恶意节点,增强网络安全性。仿真结果显示,算法在网络丢包率、端到端时延、吞吐量和全网能耗等评价指标上都得到了显著的改善,对黑洞攻击具有较好的抵抗性能。     

基于动态路由与蚁群优化的移动无线自组织网络算法

移动无线自组织网络(MANET)的移动性与动态性导致网络的服务质量较差,基于此,提出一种基于动态路由与蚁群优化的移动无线自组织网络算法。利用非线性节点拥塞度来增强拥塞度的差异,提出一种基于预测的链接断裂预防方案,基于动态路由设计了有效的路由搜索方案,基于蚁群的信息素参数有效的选择最优路由并实现路由维护。最终,详细的分析本算法的能量效率,计算出本算法的能耗较低。仿真试验结果表明本算法的吞吐量、传输延迟、传输可靠性以及能量效率均具有较好的性能,优于其他基于智能优化或同类型路由算法。     

基础信息层经验规则的一种表达方法

该文讨论在复杂的大型辅助决策系统中,构造智能决策规则模型的一种方法。这是一种基于决策表的知识表示方法。它在传统决策表的基础上,吸收了产生式规则、框架表示法、模糊理论、关系模型等多种方法的思想和技术,把传统决策表加以扩展,得到了一种结构性好、表达能力强、可操作性较好的智能决策表达工具,用来表示大型辅助决策系统中的复杂领域知识,将其中松散的经验规则形式化成智能决策规则模型,从而增强其结构性和可操作性,有效支持对其它信息的操作。     

基于改进蚁群算法的多约束QoS路由方法

高速多媒体网络路由问题是一个多QoS约束的NP一完全问题,提出一种改进蚁群路由算法对该问题进行求解。该算法采取了带记忆的后继节点选择方式,利用蚂蚁已走过的路径启发后继节点的选取;引入了基于目标函数的信息素更新机制,依据目标函数评价蚂蚁路径搜索行为,并根据蚂蚁的表现采取不同的信息素更新策略,提高了算法的寻优能力和收敛速度。仿真实验表明,该算法能快速得到较大程度满足业务QoS要求的路径。     

基于蚁群算法的网络安全路由算法研究

通过研究蚂蚁寻食的轨迹,分析推理出一种得到最优路径的并行算法,由于其灵感来源于蚂蚁,所以起名为蚁群算法。蚁群算法是近年才发展起来的,成功应用于很多领域,如车辆调度问题、分布式人工智能研究、负载平衡、大规模集成电路设计、工厂生产计划制定方面、图像着色和路由算法方面等等。本文主要是运用蚁群算法,寻找Ad Hoc网络中最优路由路径,使整个Ad Hoc网络成为一个稳定可靠的网络系统。     

Ant Algorithms: Theory and Applications

This paper reviews the theory and applications of ant algorithms, new methods of discrete optimization based on the simulation of self-organized colony of biologic ants. The colony can be regarded as a multi-agent system where each agent is functioning independently by simple rules. Unlike the nearly primitive behavior of the agents, the behavior of the whole system happens to be amazingly reasonable. The ant algorithms have been extensively studied by European researchers from the mid-1990s. These algorithms have successfully been applied to solving many complex combinatorial optimization problems, such as the traveling salesman problem, the vehicle routing problem, the problem of graph coloring, the quadratic assignment problem, the problem of network-traffic optimization, the job-shop scheduling problem, etc. The ant algorithms are especially efficient for online optimization of processes in distributed nonstationary systems (for example, telecommunication network routing).__________Translated from Programmirovanie, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2005.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Shtovba.     

基于Q学习量子蚁群的微纳卫星路由算法

在微纳卫星网络中,传统蚁群路由算法不能同时保证数据传输的安全性和网络业务的服务质量,且易陷入局部最优解,收敛速度较慢。为解决上述问题,提出一种实现多目标优化的Q学习量子蚁群路由算法。该算法在选择下一跳节点的转移概率时,将路径的平均信任值和路径的费用作为两个优化目标,构成最优路径的节点性能指标,保证数据传输的安全性和网络业务服务质量。在考虑路径费用函数时,将量子计算引入到状态转移概率计算中,避免陷入局部最优解,并在算法中引入Q学习的思想,将信息素映射成Q学习的Q值,强化算法在动态环境中的学习能力,以提高路由的整体性能。仿真结果表明,与蚁群优化算法和改进的蚁群多约束路由算法相比,Q学习量子蚁群路由算法明显改善包投递率、平均端到端时延和节点平均能耗等性能指标,避免了蚁群算法易陷入局部最优解,提高了收敛速度,可适用于具有高速移动节点的微纳卫星网络。     

基于蚁群算法的QoS组播路由问题研究

提出一种基于蚁群算法的服务质量(QoS)多约束的组播路由算法,算法通过引入模拟退火思想和多行为蚂蚁,解决了常规蚁群算法搜索能力差,容易陷入局部最优的缺点.给出一个网络路由模型,给定相关参数进行仿真实验,实验结果表明,基于模拟退火思想的逆向蚂蚁算法性能优于常规蚁群算法,能更好地搜寻到全局最优解.     

一种基于AntNet改进的QoS路由算法

对具有NP完全难度的网络状态动态变化下的路由问题，提出了一种基于蚁群网络（Antnet）的蚁群优化分布式QoS路由算法．算法的主要特点是；（1）采用了动态更新的概率表替代传统的路由表；（2）采用了智能的初始化方法；（3）采用了一种新颖的信息素更新机制；（4）采用一种新的节点选择机制；（5）引入蚂蚁相遇机制．与标准的AntNet相比，该算法具有更快的收敛速度和较好的吞吐能力．另外，算法同时考虑了满足QoS度量和负载平衡等问题。