多蚁群分级优化的多目标求解方法*

为提高多目标优化方法的求解性能,在给出了蚁群算法优化函数类问题求解方法的基础上,提出了基于多蚁群分级优化多目标问题的求解方法。构建了子蚁群以自身启发式信息及以其他子群的启发式信息获得准Pareto解以及采用各子群的每一只蚂蚁获得的准Pareto解作支配判断,从而提高Pareto解的多样性;构建了父蚁群以准Pareto解作为空间节点构成TSP类似的组合优化问题,其求解结果以获得多目标优化问题的Pareto解的前沿,从而提高Pareto解的均匀分布性。通过优化实例验证,结果表明,多蚁群分级优化的多目标求解方法     

基于云模型的NSGA-Ⅱ算法改进

如何使算法快速收敛到真正的Pareto前沿,并保持解集在前沿分布的均匀性是多目标优化算法重点研究解决的问题.提出一种基于云模型的改进NSGA-Ⅱ算法,利用正态云模型云滴的随机性和稳定倾向性特点,分别对交叉、变异、拥挤距离算子进行改进.使算法既具有传统的趋势性和满足快速寻优能力,又具有随机性.在提高收敛速度与保持种群多样性之间做了个很好的权衡.通过求解多目标背包问题,对本文算法的多目标优化性能进行了考察,并与NSGA-Ⅱ算法进行比较,结果表明本文算法在整个解空间内能快速搜索到Pareto最优解,使搜索到的Pareto最优解在前沿均匀分布.     

多目标资源优化分配问题的Memetic 算法

针对传统算法求解多目标资源优化分配问题收敛慢、Pareto解不能有效分布在Pareto 前沿面的问题, 提出一种新的Memetic 算法. 在遗传算法的交叉算子中引入模拟退火算法, 加强了遗传算法的局部搜索能力, 加快了收敛速度. 为了使Pareto 最优解均匀分布在Pareto 前沿面, 在染色体编码中引入禁忌表, 增加了种群的多样性, 避免了传统遗传算法后期Pareto 解集过于集中的缺点. 通过与已有的遗传算法、蚁群算法、粒子群算法进行比较, 仿真实验表明了所提出算法的有效性, 并分析了禁忌表长度和模拟退火参数对算法收敛性的影响.

     

动态多目标优化的预测遗传算法

为了在动态环境中很好地跟踪最优解,考虑动态优化问题的特点,提出一种新的多目标预测遗传算法.首先对 Pareto 前沿面进行聚类以求得解集的质心;其次应用该质心与参考点描述 Pareto 前沿面;再次通过预测方法给出预测点集,使得算法在环境变化后能够有指导地增加种群多样性,以便快速跟踪最优解;最后应用标准动态测试问题进行算法测试,仿真分析结果表明所提出算法能适应动态环境,快速跟踪 Pareto 前沿面.     

高效求解Pareto最优前沿的多目标进化算法

设计了一种新的求解均匀分布的Pareto最优解集的多目标进化算法(MOEA),其主要的特点是使用了一种新的个体适应值的计算方式,方法是通过群体中某一个体与群体的最优非劣解集的最小距离来刻画个体的适应值的.算法还结合了遗传算法中的精英策略以及NSGA-Ⅱ中的拥挤距离[12],提高了非劣解向Pareto最优前沿收敛的速度,并且保证了Pareto 最优解集的多样性.仿真结果表明,算法不仅能够获得分布良好的Pareto最优前沿,而且能够极大地简化计算,减少了算法的运行时间,其计算复杂度为o(mn2)(m表示的是目标函数的个数,n是种群的规模).     

基于人工免疫系统的多目标函数优化

为克服传统遗传算法退化和早熟等缺点,同时降低优化算法的复杂度,提出基于人工免疫系统（Artificial Immune System, AIS）实现无约束多目标函数的优化。使用随机权重法和自适应权重法计算种群个体的适应值,使Pareto最优解均匀分布的同时,加快算法的收敛;通过引入人工免疫系统的三个基本算子：克隆、超变异和消亡,保持种群的多样性;在进化种群外设立Pareto 解集,保存历代的近似最优解。使用了两个典型的多目标检测函数验证了该算法的有效性。优化结果表明,基于AIS的多目标优化算法可使进化种群迅速收敛到Pareto前沿,并能均匀分布,是实现多目标函数优化的有效方法。     

遗传算法在多目标决策中的应用研究

1 引言多目标优化是实践中广泛存在的一种优化问题,其理论研究已经取得了一些进展,但是在算法上还不太成熟。一种求解方法是将各个目标加权,从而将多目标问题转化为单目标问题。另一种方法是求多目标规划问题的非劣解(Pareto意义下的最优解),供决策者从中选择。本文主要讨论如何求解多目标优化问题的Pareto有效解。现在,考虑如下带有等式约束和不等式约束的多目标优化问题。     

基于精英选择和个体迁移的多目标遗传算法

提出基于遗传算法求解多目标优化问题的方法,将多目标问题分解成多个单目标优化问题,用遗传算法分别在每个单目标种群中并行搜索.在进化过程中的每一代,采用精英选择和个体迁移策略加快多个目标的并行搜索,提出了控制Pareto最优解数量并保持个体多样性的有限精度法,同时还提出了多目标遗传算法的终止条件.数值实验说明所提出的算法能较快地找到一组分布广泛且均匀的Pareto最优解.     

基于Pareto解集分段预测策略的动态多目标进化算法

针对现有的动态多目标优化算法种群收敛速度慢、多样性难以保持等问题,提出了一种基于Pareto解集分段预测策略的动态多目标进化算法BPDMOP。当检测到环境变化时,对前一时刻进化得到的Pareto最优解根据任一子目标函数进行排序,并按照该子目标的大小均分为3段,分别计算出每一段Pareto解集中心点的移动方向;对每一段Pareto子集进行系统抽样得到Pareto前沿面的特征点,利用线性模型分段预测下一代种群;根据优化问题的难易程度,自适应地在预测的种群周围产生随机个体来增加种群的多样性。通过对3类标准测试函数的实验表明了该算法能够有效求解动态多目标优化问题。     

基于动态多种群的多目标粒子群算法

研究进化算法在求解多目标优化问题时,极易陷入到伪Pareto前沿(等价于单目标优化问题中的局部最优解),为了提高优化过程,提出一种基于动态多种群的多目标粒子群算法(DMSMOPSO).在DMSMOPSO算法中,为了增加种群的多样性,提升粒子跳出局部最优解的能力,采用多子群进行搜索并且子群是动态地进行构建;采用K-均值聚...     

A problem space genetic algorithm in multiobjective optimization

In this study, a problem space genetic algorithm (PSGA) is used to solve bicriteria tool management and scheduling problems simultaneously in flexible manufacturing systems. The PSGA is used to generate approximately efficient solutions minimizing both the manufacturing cost and total weighted tardiness. This is the first implementation of PSGA to solve a multiobjective optimization problem (MOP). In multiobjective search, the key issues are guiding the search towards the global Pareto-optimal set and maintaining diversity. A new fitness assignment method, which is used in PSGA, is proposed to find a well-diversified, uniformly distributed set of solutions that are close to the global Pareto set. The proposed fitness assignment method is a combination of a nondominated sorting based method which is most commonly used in multiobjective optimization literature and aggregation of objectives method which is popular in the operations research literature. The quality of the Pareto-optimal set is evaluated by using the performance measures developed for multiobjective optimization problems.     

Multi-objective optimization of stochastic disassembly line balancing with station paralleling

One of the major activities performed in product recovery is disassembly. Disassembly line is the most suitable setting to disassemble a product. Therefore, designing and balancing efficient disassembly systems are important to optimize the product recovery process. In this study, we deal with multi-objective optimization of a stochastic disassembly line balancing problem (DLBP) with station paralleling and propose a new genetic algorithm (GA) for solving this multi-objective optimization problem. The line balance and design costs objectives are simultaneously optimized by using an AND/OR Graph (AOG) of the product. The proposed GA is designed to generate Pareto-optimal solutions considering two different fitness evaluation approaches, repair algorithms and a diversification strategy. It is tested on 96 test problems that were generated using the benchmark problem generation scheme for problems defined on AOG as developed in literature. In addition, to validate the performance of the algorithm, a goal programming approach and a heuristic approach are presented and their results are compared with those obtained by using GA. Computational results show that GA can be considered as an effective and efficient solution algorithm for solving stochastic DLBP with station paralleling in terms of the solution quality and CPU time.     

Solution of multiobjective optimization problems: coevolutionary algorithm based on evolutionary game theory

When attempting to solve multiobjective optimization problems (MOPs) using evolutionary algorithms, the Pareto genetic algorithm (GA) has now become a standard of sorts. After its introduction, this approach was further developed and led to many applications. All of these approaches are based on Pareto ranking and use the fitness sharing function to keep diversity. On the other hand, the scheme for solving MOPs presented by Nash introduced the notion of Nash equilibrium and aimed at solving MOPs that originated from evolutionary game theory and economics. Since the concept of Nash Equilibrium was introduced, game theorists have attempted to formalize aspects of the evolutionary equilibrium. Nash genetic algorithm (Nash GA) is the idea to bring together genetic algorithms and Nash strategy. The aim of this algorithm is to find the Nash equilibrium through the genetic process. Another central achievement of evolutionary game theory is the introduction of a method by which agents can play optimal strategies in the absence of rationality. Through the process of Darwinian selection, a population of agents can evolve to an evolutionary stable strategy (ESS). In this article, we find the ESS as a solution of MOPs using a coevolutionary algorithm based on evolutionary game theory. By applying newly designed coevolutionary algorithms to several MOPs, we can confirm that evolutionary game theory can be embodied by the coevolutionary algorithm and this coevolutionary algorithm can find optimal equilibrium points as solutions for an MOP. We also show the optimization performance of the co-evolutionary algorithm based on evolutionary game theory by applying this model to several MOPs and comparing the solutions with those of previous evolutionary optimization models. This work was presented, in part, at the 8th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 24#x2013;26, 2003.     

Three self-adaptive multi-objective evolutionary algorithms for a triple-objective project scheduling problem

Finding a Pareto-optimal frontier is widely favorable among researchers to model existing conflict objectives in an optimization problem. Project scheduling is a well-known problem in which investigating a combination of goals eventuate in a more real situation. Although there are many different types of objectives based on the situation on hand, three basic objectives are the most common in the literature of the project scheduling problem. These objectives are: (i) the minimization of the makespan, (ii) the minimization of the total cost associated with the resources, and (iii) the minimization of the variability in resources usage. In this paper, three genetic-based algorithms are proposed for approximating the Pareto-optimal frontier in project scheduling problem where the above three objectives are simultaneously considered. For the above problem, three self-adaptive genetic algorithms, namely (i) A two-stage multi-population genetic algorithm (MPGA), (ii) a two-phase subpopulation genetic algorithm (TPSPGA), and (iii) a non-dominated ranked genetic algorithm (NRGA) are developed. The algorithms are tested using a set of instances built from benchmark instances existing in the literature. The performances of the algorithms are evaluated using five performance metrics proposed in the literature. Finally according to the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) the self-adaptive NRGA gained the highest preference rank, followed by the self-adaptive TPSPGA and MPGA, respectively.     

动态系统的常微分方程组建模—基于不同搜索技术的实验研究

以人口模型和化学反应模型为例,通过大量实验研究比较了分别采用基于两种传统的搜索方法即局部搜索算法和模拟退火算法、遗传算法（简称GA）四者相结合的14种不同算法建立动态系统的常微分方程组模型的实验结果,得到了有关各算法性能比较的一些新的结论。两个实例的实验结果表明：在14种算法中,GP＋GA＋LS－MU算法（即在采用GP的模型结构的优化过程中嵌入采用GA的模型参数的优化过程,并且在每一演化代对种群中的部分个体进行基于GP的标准变异算子产生邻域解的局域搜索过程）是目前解决常微分方程组建模问题的最好算法。     

求解TSP问题的一种改进的遗传算法

TSP问题是典型的NP完全问题,遗传算法是求解NP完全问题的一种理想方法。文章针对解决TSP问题,提出使用改进的遗传算法,即用浓度控制选择策略以保证群体的多样性,用贪婪交叉算子和启发式倒位变异算子来提高算法的收敛速度,较好地解决了群体的多样性和收敛速度的矛盾。算法的分析和测试表明,该文算法的改进是有效的。     

A multi-objective scatter search for a mixed-model assembly line sequencing problem

A mixed-model assembly line (MMAL) is a type of production line where a variety of product models similar to product characteristics are assembled. There is a set of criteria on which to judge sequences of product models in terms of the effective utilization of this line. In this paper, we consider three objectives, simultaneously: minimizing total utility work, total production rate variation, and total setup cost. A multi-objective sequencing problem and its mathematical formulation are described. Since this type of problem is NP-hard, a new multi-objective scatter search (MOSS) is designed for searching locally Pareto-optimal frontier for the problem. To validate the performance of the proposed algorithm, in terms of solution quality and diversity level, various test problems are made and the reliability of the proposed algorithm, based on some comparison metrics, is compared with three prominent multi-objective genetic algorithms, i.e. PS-NC GA, NSGA-II, and SPEA-II. The computational results show that the proposed MOSS outperforms the existing genetic algorithms, especially for the large-sized problems.     

基于种群多样度的变参数遗传算法的研究

该文针对基本遗传算法（SGA）所存在的缺陷——早熟现象进行了分析，并在此基础上提出了基于种群多样度的变参数遗传算法（VPGA）。该算法从概率角度分析了遗传操作算子的作用，搜索范围以及多样性的影响，依据种群的多样度对遗传算法的参数进行自动调节，抑制早熟现象。并应用两种遗传算法对评价遗传算法性能的四个著名测试函数进行了仿真测试，仿真结果表明该算法相对于基本遗传算法的优越性和抑制早熟现象的有效性。     

目标约束融合的约束多目标免疫算法及性能评价准则

免疫算法求解约束多目标优化问题时,如何设计抗体的亲和力,以及如何保持或提高种群的多样性为算法设计的关键.本文基于免疫系统的固有免疫和自适应免疫交互运行模式,提出目标约束融合的并行约束多目标免疫算法(parallel constrained multiobjective immune algorithm,PCMIOA).利用支配度和浓度设计抗体的亲和力,提出了目标约束融合的评价方法,增强了算法的收敛性.借助基因重组中DNA片段的转移机制,设计一种转移(transformation)算子,提高了种群的多样性.针对已有性能评价准则存在的不足给出一种改进的支配范围评价准则.数值实验选用12个约束二目标和4个非约束三目标测试函数验证PCMIOA的优化性能,并将其与3种著名的约束多目标算法和5种非约束多目标算法进行比较.结果表明:PCMIOA具有较强的优化性能.与其他算法相比,PCMIOA所获的Pareto最优前沿能较好的逼近真实Pareto最优前沿,且分布较均匀.     

免疫遗传算法在TSP求解中的应用

基本遗传算法保持群体多样性的能力较差，所以经常在问题求解的过程中得到局部最优解。根据生物的免疫原理提出的一种改进算法——免疫遗传算法。免疫遗传算法主要体现了生物免疫系统中的基因重组、免疫记忆、隔离小生境和免疫元动态等特性，这些特性改进基本遗传算法的群体多样性保持能力。最后结合旅行商问题（TSP）的优化介绍了具体实现方法，实验结果表明该免疫遗传算法有较好的性能。