核聚类启发式转导SVM

传统转导支持向量机有效地利用了未标记样本,具有较高的分类准确率,但是计算复杂度较高。针对该不足,论文提出了一种基于核聚类的启发式转导支持向量机学习算法。首先将未标记样本利用核聚类算法进行划分,然后对划分后的每一簇样本标记为同一类别,最后根据传统的转导支持向量机算法进行新样本集合上的分类学习。所提方法通过对核聚类后同一簇未标记样本赋予同样的类别,极大地降低了传统转导支持向量机算法的计算复杂度。在MNIST手写阿拉伯数字识别数据集上的实验表明,所提算法较好地保持了传统转导支持向量机分类精度高的优势。     

基于相似度融合的主动支持向量机算法

提出一种基于相似度融合的主动支持向量机算法,利用未标记样本和标记样本,结合支持向量机的方法实现主动学习.实验结果表明,该算法与普通主动学习的支持向量机相比,在保证分类器性能的情况下,可以减少标记样本的数目,抑制孤立样本对分类器的影响;在相同标记样本数目的情况下,该算法具有较高的分类精度.     

结合Tri-training半监督学习和凸壳向量的SVM主动学习算法*

为解决监督学习过程中难以获得大量带有类标记样本且样本数据标记代价较高的问题,结合主动学习和半监督学习方法,提出基于Tri-training半监督学习和凸壳向量的SVM主动学习算法.通过计算样本集的壳向量,选择最有可能成为支持向量的壳向量进行标记.为解决以往主动学习算法在选择最富有信息量的样本标记后,不再进一步利用未标记样本的问题,将Tri-training半监督学习方法引入SVM主动学习过程,选择类标记置信度高的未标记样本加入训练样本集,利用未标记样本集中有利于学习器的信息.在UCI数据集上的实验表明,文中算法在标记样本较少时获得分类准确率较高和泛化性能较好的SVM分类器,降低SVM训练学习的样本标记代价.     

一种改进的主动支持向量机算法及其应用

针对支持向量机中分类器易受样本孤立点影响的问题,提出一种改进的主动支持向量机算法,采用K—means算法获取少量“代表性”样本作为训练样本,通过训练该标识样本得到一个初始分类器,利用主动学习策略选择最佳未标记样本进行类别标记,并加入训练样本集重新训练分类器,重复该过程直到满足某些要求。运用Iris数据和遥感数据对其进行测试,实验结果表明,该算法是有效的。     

基于均衡有偏支持向量机的软件缺陷预测

针对软件缺陷预测中的样本集数量少和分布不对称问题,提出一种基于均衡有偏支持向量机的软件缺陷预测方法。该方法通过标记样本集和未标记样本集进行半监督学习,在少量非对称的标记样本集上,利用有偏支持向量机进行泛化学习。在半监督学习的迭代过程中,采用重采样策略平衡样本集以消除大量不对称的未标记样本集对软件缺陷预测的性能影响。在基准数据集上的实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地对类别不均衡的样本集进行软件缺陷预测。     

基于信息反馈的半监督支持向量机算法

针对直推式支持向量机中标记速度与标注精度之间的矛盾,提出一种信息反馈的半监督支持向量机算法,该算法利用上轮标注数量、重置次数、未标注边界样本数量等信息,动态调整标记样本数量,对区域标注和成对标注进行折衷,在继承渐进赋值和动态调整的同时,可以平衡标记速度与标记精度之间的矛盾,减少错误的传递和积累.在人工数据集和UCI数据集上的实验结果表明该算法在保证标注准确度的前提下提高算法速度.     

基于半监督学习和支持向量机的煤与瓦斯突出预测研究

针对支持向量机要求输入向量为已标记样本,而实际应用中已标记样本很难获取的问题,提出将半监督学习和支持向量机结合的煤与瓦斯突出预测方法;介绍了采用SVM预测煤与瓦斯突出的流程及其输入向量的选择;对半监督学习中的协同训练算法进行了改进:在同一属性集上训练2个不同分类器SVM和KNN,将2个分类器标记一致的样本加入训练集,从而充分利用未标记样本不断补充信息,更新训练集标记样本,达到强化训练集的目的。测试结果表明,改进后的算法比单独的支持向量机预测方法准确率更高。     

一种基于Fisher投影计算权重的模糊SVM模型

针对模糊支持向量机模型,提出一种基于Fisher投影的模糊权重赋值方法。首先将原始样本通过Fisher线性判别分析(LDA)投影到一维空间,然后根据投影点的分布计算原始样本的模糊权重。算法在低维空间中可以更好地对离群点和噪声样本进行检测,从而可以更好地计算模糊权重,提高分类器的泛化能力。在UCI标准数据集与ORL人脸数据库上的实验表明,基于提出的Fisher投影模糊权重赋值方法的模糊支持向量机算法具有更高的精度。     

一种多重支持向量机在线学习算法的研究

增量式支持向量机学习算法是一种重要的在线学习方法。传统的单增量支持向量机学习算法使用一个数据样本更新支持向量机模型。在增加或删除的数据样本点较多时,这种模型更新模式耗时巨大,具体原因是每个被插入或删除的样本都要进行一次模型参数更新的判断。该文提出一种基于参数规划的多重增量式的支持向量机优化训练算法,使用该训练算法,多重的支持向量机的训练时间大为减少。在合成数据集及真实测试数据集上的实验结果显示,该文提出的方法可以大大降低多重支持向量机训练算法的计算复杂度并提高分类器的精度。     

基于距离排序的快速支持向量机分类算法

传统支持向量机算法由于时空复杂度较高,因此很难有效地处理大规模数据。为了降低支持向量机算法的时空复杂度,提出一种基于距离排序的快速支持向量机分类算法。该算法首先计算两类样本点的样本中心,然后对每一个样本计算它与另一类样本中心之间的距离,最后根据距离排序选择一定比例的小距离样本作为边界样本。由于边界样本集合很好地包含了支持向量,而且数目较原始样本集合少得多,因此算法可以在保证支持向量机学习精度的前提下,有效地缩短训练时间和节约存储空间。在UCI标准数据集和20-Newsgroups文本分类数据集上的实验说明算法较以往支持向量预选取算法而言可以更为快速准确地进行支持向量预选取。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.