基于邻域灰度差值的二维Otsu分割方法研究*

针对传统二维灰度直方图的阈值分割方法中区域划分像素易丢失、运算速度慢等不足,通过深入分析图像中邻域灰度偏离的情况,并充分考虑像素的空间灰度信息,提出一种利用像素邻域灰度差值的新方法构建二维直方图;基于二维类间方差法实现了图像二维Otsu分割方法,并给出了相应算法的实现步骤。以生物图像中的鱼体分割为实例对方法进行了实验验证,结果表明算法分割效果良好,运算速度提高较明显。     

基于改进最大类间方差法的手势分割方法研究

针对手势图像中由于噪声和成像干扰造成的手势模糊和边界不清晰的问题,提出了一种基于改进最大类间方差法的手势分割方法.首先建立手势图像的二维灰度直方图,在二维灰度直方图上确定噪声点位置,在原图的相应区域滤除噪声.然后重建二维灰度直方图将内点区的点集投影到45度线,得到投影灰度直方图.接下来在灰度投影直方图上采用全局Otsu确定局部Otsu的左边界,用高斯函数拟合得到局部Otsu右边界,最后采用局部Otsu分割手势.该方法可以有效地对手势图像进行精确分割,实验结果验证了本文算法的有效性.     

改进的灰度-局部方差二维直方图图像分割

为了提高图像在受到高强度高斯噪声影响下的分割效果,针对传统的二维直方图灰度-平均灰度法,平均灰度-梯度法,二维Otsu斜分法等方法一致性低、对比度低和分割不够准确的情况,现提出一种改进的二维直方图灰度-局部方差的方法。局部方差不仅综合考虑了各像素点与中心像素点数据的离散程度,而且降低了图像受噪声干扰的影响。为了提高分割速度,减少计算量,使用了快速递推算法。实验结果表明该方法比传统的Otsu灰度-平均灰度法和平均灰度-梯度法具有更好的分割效果、一致性和对比度更高。     

基于HIS空间的枣虫害彩色图像分割方法

根据枣树虫害的特点,提出了一种在HSI空间上基于二维属性直方图的枣虫害彩色图像分割方法。该方法首先根据H,S,I三个分量中的两个结合分别建立H-S,H-I,S-I二维直方图,然后将二维直方图转化成灰度图像。利用转化后的图像进行一维灰度直方图阈值分割产生目标和背景区域,然后在二维直方图上以分割后的区域做阈值分割。最后将分割后的结果进行组合得到最终分割结果。实验结果表明此方法比传统的二维灰度直方图分割方法效果有明显的改善。     

利用混沌布谷鸟优化的二维Renyi灰度熵图像阈值选取

为了进一步降低现有的Renyi熵阈值法的计算复杂度,提出了基于混沌布谷鸟算法和二维Renyi灰度熵的阈值选取。首先,引入一维Renyi灰度熵阈值选取公式,建立基于像素灰度和邻域梯度的二维直方图,推导出基于该直方图的二维Renyi灰度熵阈值选取公式,通过快速递推公式来减少阈值准则函数的计算量;最后,采用混沌布谷鸟算法搜索最优阈值来完成图像分割。结果表明,与二维Arimoto熵法、基于粒子群的二维Renyi熵法、基于混沌粒子群的二维Tsallis灰度熵法、基于布谷鸟算法的二维Renyi灰度熵法相比,所提出的方法能够准确实现图像分割,且运算速度有所提升。     

基于灰度和非局部空间灰度特征的二维Otsu曲线阈值分割法

为了克服图像噪声对图像分割结果的影响,利用图像中与像素具有相似邻域结构的像素提取当前像素的非局部空间信息,构造了基于像素的灰度信息和非局部空间灰度信息的二维直方图,并将此二维直方图引入到Otsu曲线阈值分割法中,提出了基于灰度和非局部空间灰度特征的二维Otsu曲线阈值分割法。实验结果表明,该方法能进一步提高原始二维Otsu曲线阈值分割法对于图像噪声的鲁棒性,获得了更加理想的分割结果。     

灰度图像最小误差阈值分割法的二维推广

一维最小误差阈值法假设了目标和背景的灰度分布服从混合正态分布. 考虑到噪声等因素对图像质量的影响, 本文在二维灰度直方图上, 基于二维混合正态分布假设, 给出一维最小误差阈值法的二维推广表达式. 为了提高算法的运行速度, 也给出了快速递推算法. 实验表明, 二维最小误差阈值法是一个有效的图像分割算法, 能够更好地适应目标和背景方差相差较大的图像及噪声图像的分割问题.     

基于灰度-梯度二维对称Tsallis交叉熵的阈值分割

针对灰度级-平均灰度级直方图的二维Tsallis交叉熵阈值分割法存在错分、计算复杂度较高问题,提出一种基于灰度-梯度二维对称Tsallis交叉熵的阈值分 割方法。构建新的灰度-梯度二维直方图,更加全面地考虑目标点和背景点;导出基于该直方图区域划分的对称Tsallis交叉熵阈值选取公式;采用基于tent映射的 混沌小生境粒子群优化算法搜寻二维最佳阈值向量,并引入快速递推算法降低其适应度函数的计算复杂度。实验结果表明,与基于灰度级-平均灰度级直方图的 二维Tsallis交叉熵阈值分割法相比,该方法能够使分割后的图像边缘更加准确,类内灰度更加均匀,且实时性提高了30倍。     

灰度-梯度共生矩阵模型的加权条件熵阈值法

基于二维灰度直方图的最大熵阈值法是依据“灰度-灰度均值”构成直方图的图像分割方法,该方法着重于图像的内部信息,忽略了边界区域的信息。应用图像的梯度信息建立“灰度-梯度共生矩阵”,构造图像的二维灰度直方图,结合最大条件熵法进行阈值选取。为了充分提取图像内部和边缘信息,提出了二维加权最大熵阈值法。结果表明,该方法一方面能够保留更多的图像边缘信息,另一方面能够根据实际需要调节权值大小,得到兼顾图像内部和边缘信息的分割结果。     

基于小波变换的图像二维直方图分割方法

鉴于二维直方图阈值分割方法利用灰度的空间相关性取得高的分割效果和小波变换多尺度滤波思想,提出了一种基于小波变换的二维直方图分割结合方案;实验结果表明本文方法的有效性。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

基于AD9626的模拟信号采集存储卡设计

自然界的绝大部分信号都是以模拟的形式存在,因此模拟信号的采集转换存储在数字时代十分关键。文章讨论了在雷达信号处理领域基于AD9626的AD采集存储卡的设计原理、硬件结构和程序设计与芯片配置等问题,为今后相关领域的研究提供了可参考的方案。     

A human-computer interface for non-computer specialists

The COM teleconferencing system was designed to be easy to use for both beginners and people with much computer experience. A number of design choices in organizing the human-computer interface were considered very carefully. These design problems are not unique for teleconferencing applications, but will appear in many other developments of human-computer interfaces for non-computer specialists. This report discusses naming conventions, menu format, user commands, help facility and the treatment of ‘type ahead’ from the users.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

Call for papers Special issue on Modeling and control technologies for civil,energy,and power systems

正The control of civil,energy,and power systems presents significant new challenges for modeling and control theory.The purpose of this special issue is to provide a forum for researchers and practical engineers to discuss the recent advances in modeling and control technology development for civil,energy,and power systems.Prospective authors are invited to submit their original contributions with the focus on theory or applications of modeling,control     

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正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate and promote academic exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists everywhere.