基于知识的可重用构件查询系统KCQ

本文提出了一个基于知识的、支持面向对象程序设计方法的软件重用构件查询系统，本系统采用了语义网络知识表示模型，提供了构件知识表示语言ＣＫＲＬ，来描述可重用构件的特征和用于检索的知识．提供了语义网络联想式查询、条件查询和构件评价．     

KMS中用户知识共享行为模型的构建

用户知识共享行为是影响知识管理系统KMS（knowledge management systems，KMS）能否取得预期运行效果的关键因素。现有的一些KMS还不具有根据用户日常的知识活动自动评估用户知识共享行为的功能，限制了KMS在知识共享文化形成中的作用。在此从行为和动作的表示入手，基于BNF的行为表示体系、知识共享行为ontology和行为树映射方法，提出了一个动态、实时、自适应、交互式用户知识共享行为模型，该模型包括基于BNF的行为和动作的表示、知识共享行为ontology、用户知识共享行为树及其动态创建过程等内容，能够实现从数量上对用户知识共享的参与度做出评价，可以作为开发实现该功能的Agent程序的一般框架。     

面向Web服务的多Agent系统的通信机制

介绍了一种面向Web服务的多Agent系统的通信机制，该通信机制通过消息模板和基于本体论的知识表示语言，消除了多Agent系统中因通信语言的差异而产生的影响，实现了Agent之间的有效通信。     

基于任务结构模型的多Agent产品并行开发体系

为了促进产品并行开发,文章提出了一种用于描述基于领域的任务分解、任务之间的约束关系及任务与产品信息之间对应关系的任务结构模型,设计了表示语言ＣＲＬＥ以定义领域共享本体论和任务结构模型。在此基础上构建了多Ａｇｅｎｔ产品并行开发体系,包括由多个协作Ａｇｅｎｔ和一个协作促进器组成的Ａｇｅｎｔ联邦、系统服务Ａｇｅｎｔ和领域服务Ａｇｅｎｔ,并提供了协调机制。     

Windows95下的实时网络通信方法研究

深入研究了Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ９５下网络低层通信协议ＩＰＸ／ＳＰＸ的实时通信特点和方法,用ＢＯＲＬＡＮＤＣ＋＋语言给出了实现上述方法的程序实例。     

MAS中基于Ontology的知识表示与推理研究

采用基于Ontology的知识表示方法,解决多Agent的知识表示和共享问题,实现知识的自动推理和获取,实现多Agent之间语义理解,体现Agent的智能特征.在多Agent原型旅游系统中,采用OWL描述Ontology定义相关领域的知识表示与推理,为Agent之间的学习、协商,进一步交互通信打下基础.     

基于OWL的电厂设备故障特征的知识表示

为了对电力行业复杂的故障信息进行有效的知识管理,本文将本体论方法引入到设备故障信息的知识表示中。利用OWL本体语言的知识表示特性,介绍了基于OWL的电厂设备故障特征知识表示的过程,为特定领域知识的公共一致表示提供了新的思路,本研究结果不仅可以促进电力行业知识的共享和重用,还方便了电力行业内部以及企业间知识管理和信息交换。     

一种图象理解的专家系统工具语言

为了在实时图象处理系统中,实现并行环境下基于黑板模型的多知识源协同求解,从知识表示、推理方式、控制机制等方面介绍了智能所自行研制的一种图象理解专家系统工具语言--V语言（V.3版本）。该语言具有多种知识表示,采用数据驱动与模型驱动相结合的推理方式,由黑板对推理进行控制,知识库由多个知识源（分别存在有关模型的静态知识和各种图象处理算法）组成等特点。最后给出了针对水上桥梁一类的图象进行理解的具体实例。     

个性化本体的知识查询研究

在分布式系统中，既有共享概念的领域本体，又存在个体的知识组织个性，因此个性化本体的研究具有重要的现实意义。本文基于开放系统假设，定义个体的外现类及个体之间的相识关系，使用Web本体语言表示个性化本体的类描述和类公理。提出一个基于消解原理的个性化本体网络的知识查询递归算法，该算法不依赖注册服务器和分布式哈希表，具有较强的动态适应性。以一个（教）师（学）生本体网络的知识查询为例，讨论了个性化本体网络及其知识查询算法的实现。     

认识URL

在公路上驾驶汽车如果看不懂交通标志,我们将无法到达我们所希望去的地方。同样我们在Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ海洋中遨游时,如果不了解什么是统一资源定位器（ＵＲＬ）,我们也不能在Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ海洋中寻找资源、获取信息以及用Ｅｍａｉｌ通信。可见统一资源定位器对上网用户来说是多么重要。一个完整的ＵＲＬ应由下面几个部分组成:资源类型+主机名+子目录（可选）+文件名（可选）。下面举例来说明统一资源定位器的组成,例如下面的ＵＲＬ:ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｙｃｓｔｉ．ｓｔｉ．ｊｓ．ｃｎ／ｄｏｎｇｑｉａｎｇ／ｉｎｄｅｘ．ｈｔｍｌ,表面上看去…     

Joint organisational and technical development of CIM-systems: An extension of the classic scandinavian approach

In Scandinavia theories and methods for cooperative design tools for the computer supported craftsman have been the topics for intensive research for several years. This paper widens the discussion by taking in the question of CIM and the reshaping of the division of labour, work organisation and manufacturing processes. The paper argues for an evaluation of methods and tools developed for very different aspects of integrated manufacturing.     

证书和私钥漫游系统的设计方案

阐述了PKI应用系统中数字证书和私钥漫游的必要性和可行性，给出了数字证书和私钥漫游系统的设计方案。该方案提出了证书和私钥漫游系统的两种运行模式：作为独立的系统运行，可以为多个CA颁发的证书和私钥提供漫游服务；与CA认证系统结合在一起，只对本CA所颁发的证书和私钥提供漫游服务。方案详细描述了用户注册、证书和私钥的上传、下载流程以及安全方面的设计。     

A Probabilistic Analysis of Multiple-drug Testing Procedures in Sports Doping Control

Athletes engaged in competition, particularly those involved in international competitions such as the Olympics, are increasingly being tested for a greater variety of banned substances; it is not unusual for tests to be conducted for 100 drugs and another 400 as metabolites. Previous studies related to the accuracy of drug testing processes have failed to properly consider the effects of testing for more than one drug. In order to identify appropriate indicators for the multiple-drug case, probability theory and accuracy concepts applicable to testing for multiple drugs are developed and applied to illustrative data. The probability that a drug-free individual will test positive for drug use is shown to be much higher than indicated by previous studies, and it is shown that an increase in the number of drugs tested for yields an approximately proportionate increase in the probability that a positive test result is erroneous. Therefore, while testing for one drug may result in a comfortably low rate of false accusations of drug use, testing for multiple drugs may well result in an unacceptably high rate. Finally, a set of empirical measures is suggested for use in cases of tests for multiple drugs; the measures will provide for comparability among laboratory proficiency studies.     

Efficient Development of Lexical Language Resources and their Representation

Statistical approaches in speech technology, whether used for statistical language models, trees, hidden Markov models or neural networks, represent the driving forces for the creation of language resources (LR), e.g., text corpora, pronunciation and morphology lexicons, and speech databases. This paper presents a system architecture for the rapid construction of morphologic and phonetic lexicons, two of the most important written language resources for the development of ASR (automatic speech recognition) and TTS (text-to-speech) systems. The presented architecture is modular and is particularly suitable for the development of written language resources for inflectional languages. In this paper an implementation is presented for the Slovenian language. The integrated graphic user interface focuses on the morphological and phonetic aspects of language and allows experts to produce good performances during analysis. In multilingual TTS systems, many extensive external written language resources are used, especially in the text processing part. It is very important, therefore, that representation of these resources is time and space efficient. It is also very important that language resources for new languages can be easily incorporated into the system, without modifying the common algorithms developed for multiple languages. In this regard the use of large external language resources (e.g., morphology and phonetic lexicons) represent an important problem because of the required space and slow look-up time. This paper presents a method and its results for compiling large lexicons, using examples for compiling German phonetic and morphology lexicons (CISLEX), and Slovenian phonetic (SIflex) and morphology (SImlex) lexicons, into corresponding finite-state transducers (FSTs). The German lexicons consisted of about 300,000 words, SIflex consisted of about 60,000 and SImlex of about 600,000 words (where 40,000 words were used for representation using finite-state transducers). Representation of large lexicons using finite-state transducers is mainly motivated by considerations of space and time efficiency. A great reduction in size and optimal access time was achieved for all lexicons. The starting size for the German phonetic lexicon was 12.53 MB and 18.49 MB for the morphology lexicon. The starting size for the Slovenian phonetic lexicon was 1.8 MB and 1.4 MB for the morphology lexicon. The final size of the corresponding FSTs was 2.78 MB for the German phonetic lexicon, 6.33 MB for the German morphology lexicon, 253 KB for SIflex and 662 KB for the SImlex lexicon. The achieved look-up time is optimal, since it only depends on the length of the input word and not on the size of the lexicon. Integration of lexicons for new languages into the multilingual TTS system is easy when using such representations and does not require any changes in the algorithms used for such lexicons.     

Rapid Communication. Exposure assessment of biomechanical stress in repetitive manual work using frequency-weighted filters

A quantitative exposure assessment strategy for physical stress associated with repetitive manual tasks is proposed using continuous biomechanical data measured directly from electrogoniometers or force sensors. This paper describes an efficient method for reducing large quantities of biomechanical data into a quantifiable metric that accounts for recognized musculoskeletal exposure factors, including repetitiveness, postural or forceful exertion stress, and duration. A frequency domain approach is used for averaging elemental data recorded for repetitive cycles. Parameters for frequency-weighted filters are developed using psychophysical data for equivalent discomfort levels resulting from repetitive movements of different amplitudes and frequencies. These filters enable continuous biomechanical data to be filtered and integrated, resulting in a single quantity corresponding to psychophysical response characteristics for repetitive motion stress. It is anticipated that a similar approach may be used for epidemiological response characteristics. Applications of this theory may make it possible for assessing exposure to physical stress in a manner analogous to the way in which sound level meters are used for measuring exposure to acoustic noise. Repetitive wrist flexion and localized discomfort was used for demonstrating the feasibility of this approach. Suitable data reduction techniques are necessary for evaluating work methods, job designs, and for conducting large scale detailed epidemiological investigations of cumulative trauma disorder risk factors. Frequency-weighted filters based on human response to physical stress at different frequencies can greatly simplify exposure analysis and ultimately may make it possible for quantitative exposure limits to be established.     

A biorepository for ophthalmic surgical specimens

Biorepositories are collections of surgically obtained human tissues for current and future investigations of disease mechanisms, therapeutics, and diagnostics. In ophthalmology, a critical challenge is how to interface the operating room with the laboratory. To attain standards required for basic research, clinical and research teams must cooperate to collect, annotate, and store specimens that yield consistent results required for advanced molecular techniques. We developed an efficient platform for obtaining vitreous and other eye tissues from the operating room and transferring them to the lab. The platform includes a mobile lab cart for on-site tissue processing, a multi-user, web-based database for point-of-care phenotypic capture, and an integrated data tracking system for long-term storage. These biorepository instruments have proven essential for our studies in ophthalmic disease proteomics. This system can be implemented in other operating rooms and laboratories for a variety of biological tissues.     

水利系统干部人事档案数字信息化建设探索与实践

干部档案数字信息化建设是干部档案工作在信息化时代的必由之路,是提高干部信息管理和利用水平的必然要求。在阐述档案数字信息化概念的基础上,以南京水利科学研究院干部人事档案数字信息化建设为实例,对水利干部人事档案数字信息化建设进行有益探索,提出水利系统干部人事档案数字信息化系统建设的要素确定、基本程序及主要环节,具有实用性和可操作性。     

基于约束的XML文档规范化算法

XML模式设计是XML数据库设计的关键．基于XML文档的基本概念给出了XML部分函数依赖、传递函数依赖、XML范式、XML第1到第3范式以及DTD无损联接分解的相关定义,提出XML模式规范化转换规则,给出无损联接分解的两种规范化算法,对算法的正确性、可终止性和时间复杂性进行了证明分析,并实验证明了规范化后的文档查询和存储效率有明显的提高．这将对未来的XML函数依赖保持、XML多值依赖以及XML模式设计的进一步规范化研究奠定理论基础．     

Building a real-time kernel: First steps in validating a pure process/ADT model

A model based on simple, unadorned processes and abstract data types has been proposed for the design and implementation of real-time systems. We describe our generally successful experiences in using this model for the construction of a real-time operating system kernel containing services for process control, synchronization, time and input-output. Our work and results focus on the usefulness of the scheme for designing modules at hardware/software interfaces, for predicting deterministic timing behaviour, and for software development.     

基于MATLAB的化工单元操作图形演示模块的开发

针对化工单元操作中一些难以用文字描述清楚的重、难点问题,利用MATLAB图形演示器的强大功能,开发了化工单元操作图形演示模块。用户可以通过观看相应的图形演示,明确如梯级图解法确定精馏塔理论板层数、在焓湿图上如何确定空气状态点等重要问题的处理方法及重要概念的物理意义,从而深化对化工单元操作原理的理解。演示界面能动态显示问题的求解过程,并设有开放式的结构,因此具有很强的灵活性,适合于本科生、研究生及工程技术人员的学习使用。