复杂数字电路多级在线进化技术研究

复杂数字电路的在线进化是目前演化硬件领域的难题之一.本文阐述了基于多级分解进化的复杂数字电路在线进化思想,给出了数字电路进化设计算法,分析了数字电路编码方案,研究了数字电路在线验证评估方法,设计了适应度函数,给出了数字电路在线进化设计实验系统方案.以典型数字电路为例,验证了多级分解进化方法的有效性,实验结果表明,采用多级分解进化方法可大大提高数字电路在线进化设计的速度与成功率,也有利于提高数字电路在线验证评估效率.     

以FPGA和QUARTUS为基础平台的EHW环境实现

在讨论了EHW运行机制的基础上，论述了基于FPGA芯片和QUARTUS Ⅱ开发工具的EHW平台，详细介绍了Tcl脚本语言以及利用批处理技术实现VHDL程序自动处理和配置数据流文件自动下载的具体技术方法。进而，设计并实现了能以闭环方式进行系统演化的实验环境，并在此基础上有效地进行了多种演化策略和进化方式的研究。     

遗传算法及其进化硬件设计研究

遗传算法(Genetic Algorithms，GAs)是进化计算中的重要领域．也是人工智能迅速发展的重要领域，它是一类模拟自然进化过程和达尔文“适者生存”的算法。这一算法企图通过使用诸如交叉、变异等算子从先前的候选解中生成最佳解。进化硬件(Evolvable Hardware，EHW)则是受自然进化得到灵感、设计硬件系统的新型设计方法，它是进化计算技术和电子硬件结合的产物。本文给出GAs在计算机模型中的基本概念．讨论进化再配置硬件的设计，最后给出几个进化实验的例子。     

基于FPGA的数字电路进化设计与实现

针对目前演化硬件研究中的关键问题:电路的数学表示方法、遗传算法和快速重构硬件平台,文章建立了一个用于描述数字电路的电路网络演化模型;设计了矩阵组编码算子,改进了精英保留策略;最后基于虚拟可重构技术在FPGA中建立了一个适于演化操作的硬件平台,实现了数字电路的内部进化;实验结果验证了该模型的可行性与有效性,采用的矩阵组编码算子在(8,8,8,4)演化区域内显著提高了电路演化的速度,为演化硬件的进一步发展了提供新的方法。     

基于演化母板的通用演化硬件平台研究

作为一种新型的理论研究和实践技术,演化硬件(EHW)在机器学习、人工神经网络、自适应控制、信号处理与识别、容错系统和机器人等方面已经受到了广泛的重视。本文针对FPGA等商用可编程逻辑器件在演化硬件研究中出现的种种问题,提出一个基于演化母板的新型演化平台,并介绍了它的系统结构及工作原理。     

FPGA在演化硬件中的应用

介绍了FPGA的新应用—演化硬件EHW的进展和现状,其中主要包括EHW的概念、工作原理、存在问题和应用领域。阐述了EHW在电路与系统学科中的科学意义及其对新兴电子信息产业将产生的深远影响。     

基于演化硬件技术的自适应传感器

未来深空探测、海洋监测等需要系统在恶劣环境条件下长期自主工作的领域对传感器的可靠性提出了更高的要求.由此提出的概念之一就是传感器应该具备自适应能力,能够在恶劣环境条件下进行自我调节,适应新的环境变化而保持功能可用.借鉴达尔文进化论思想的演化硬件(EHW)技术为解决这一问题提供了一种可行方案.探讨了基于可重构器件的EHW技术原理,给出了EHW机制应用于自适应传感器系统的一些方法和演化自适应传感器的结构形式.     

基于精英池演化算法的数字电路在片演化方法

20世纪末演化硬件技术的提出为实现硬件系统的自适应与智能化等特征提供了一种可行的新技术,现阶段电路进化是演化硬件研究的热点之一.该文引入人工经验与规则,提出一种扩展矩阵编码法,保护具有较优结构的电路个体不易被淘汰;其次,基于多目标和局部寻优技术,结合子电路杂交与单元重要性的自适应变异策略,提出了一种设计数字电路的精英池演化算法,并在可编程逻辑器件上实现电路的自主动态重构与评价等演化过程.     

演化硬件在图像边缘检测中的应用

设计基于演化硬件（Evolvable Hardware，EHW）的快速边缘检测进化系统，提出一种适于此系统的图像边缘提取操作结构，给出进化算法的编码方案，设计用于染色体评估的适应度函数，利用标准遗传算法来实现可变结构参数的图像边缘提取进化方法，并采用Roberts，Sobel，LOG，Robinson等传统边缘检测算法与进化方法进行对比试验。结果表明：进化方法边缘检测误差率最低，只有9．87％，其边缘提取的效果优于传统检测方法，     

基于函数级FPGA原型的硬件内部进化

电路进化设计是现阶段可进化硬件（EHW）研究的重点内容，针对制约进化设计能力的主要“瓶颈”，该文提出并讨论了一种简洁高效的内部进化方法，包括基于函数变换的染色体高效编码方案，与之配套的函数级FPGA原型和进化实验平台以及在线评估与遗传数自适应方法等，交通灯控制器，4位可级联比较器等相对复杂且具应用价值的电路的成功进化，证明该方法适用于组合，时序电路的进化设计，并可显著地减少运算量，提高进化设计的速度和规模。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

正~~     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate