基于小波变换的脑电瞬态信号检测

在脑电（ＥＥＧ）信号分析与处理过程中,瞬态信号的检测和定位具有非常重要的实际意义,传统的瞬态脉冲检测方法是匹配滤波,但匹配波滤需要有关瞬态信号的先验知识,因而在实际应用中受一定的限制,本文用小波变换对含有瞬态干扰的脑电信号进行多尺度分解,在某些尺度下,瞬态信号特征得以明显增强,用简单的阈值比较就可以有效地检测并消除瞬态干扰,实验结果表是有,在缺乏先验知识的条件下,小波变换能有效检测出脑电信号中短时,低能量的瞬态脉冲。     

利用小波分析检测航空发动机传感器故障

该文比较了傅立叶变换与小波分析的基本理论并研究了它们在航空发动机传感器故障检测应用中的特点,提出了一种基于小波变换的故障检测方法.该方法针对噪声和故障信号均具有呈现非平稳瞬态特性的特点,利用小波多分辨分析将量测信号分解到不同的频率通道中去,因此它就可以在一定的频率区间内,将故障信号成分和正常信号输出成分区分开来,提高传感器故障检测的准确度.仿真结果表明,该方法借助小波变换强大的时频分析能力,可以准确判定传感器软、硬故障,有效降低误报率和漏报率,具有良好的应用价值.     

连续小波变换在传感器故障诊断中的应用

小波变换在信号分析与处理中有良好的局部性质.主要研究基于连续小波变换极值点的方法在传感器故障诊断中的应用.对输入信号输出信号进行连续小波变换,利用该变换求出输入输出信号的奇异值,然后去除由于输入突变所引起的极值点,则其余的极值点对应于传感器的故障.在MATLAB平台下,仿真结果表明,该故障诊断方法可以有效地进行故障检测和定位.     

基于调Q小波变换的心电信号特征量提取方法

与传统的基于频域划分信号分解方法不同,提出了一种基于品质因数的自适应信号分解方法。利用调Q小波变换自适应生成品质因数不同的小波函数作为信号分解的基函数,利用Mallat塔式算法将复合信号分解为具有持续振荡特性的高共振分量和具有瞬态冲击特性的低共振分量,并将其用于心电信号的特征量提取。相比于小波分析、经验模态分解等方法,该方法可以有效地去除信号中的噪声及干扰,分离频谱混叠且振荡形式不同的信号。通过数值仿真和实例分析证明了该算法的优越性。     

小波变换结合MIVP识别图像脉冲噪声的研究

提高脉冲噪声的识别率是提高去除脉冲噪声效果的关键。利用小波变换检测信号奇异点的原理,小波变换可用于识别信号中的脉冲噪声。实验表明,在小波变换识别数字图像的脉冲噪声时,由于将受到脉冲噪声污染的像素点判别为未受脉冲噪声污染的像素点的误判率较高,影响了小波变换识别脉冲噪声的整体精度。为了有效解决这一问题,提出了一种基于统计理论的数字图像脉冲噪声统计量识别法称之为MIVP法,可以弥补小波变换误判噪声点为非噪声点的不足。以小波变换结合MIVP法为基础构成图像脉冲噪声滤波器,在不增加时间复杂度的条件下,有效提高了脉冲噪声的滤波效果。     

基于小波变换的脑电信号瞬态特征提取

本文探讨了利用小波变换对脑电信号瞬态提取的新方法.实验结果表明基于小波变换的脑电信号瞬态检测法能方便而有效地完成瞬态波形的检测与参数提取.     

基于小波变换的间谐波检测与去噪

间谐波是一种特殊的谐波,它的大量存在对电能质量造成了污染,因而对其进行检测和分析具有十分重要的意义。文中分析了小波变换的特性及用于间谐波检测的优势,采用了正交小波多分辨率分析算法检测间谐波,并选择小波阈值法对信号进行去噪处理。仿真结果表明,小波变换具有良好的时频特性,能有效检测出信号中所含各频率成分,并且能有效的抑制和消除噪声。随着小波理论的进一步发展和完善,其在电能质量信号检测方面的应用将越来越广泛。     

基于小波变换的脉象信号特征提取方法

为了较好地区分正常人与心脏病人的脉象信号，利用小波变换奇异性检测功能与多尺度分辨特性，提出了两种提取脉象信号特征的方法：连续小波变换法和二进小波变换法。在此基础上，构造了两种特征向量：小波变换系数的尺度——主波峰值和小波变换的尺度——能量值。经过对临床采集的235例脉象信号的处理与分析统计，所得数据具有较好的重复性与稳定性，可以作为用于脉象信号识别的特征向量。     

基于小波分析的肿瘤基因表达信号突变点检测

对某肿瘤组织细胞基因表达信号进行突变点检测,分析可疑突变基因,为医学诊断提供参考。先去除原始基因表达信号的高频部分,再对低频进行小波分析,结合模极大值原理检测出各试验细胞所对应的突变基因点。小波变换能方便而有效地检测出信号的突变成分,它在对肿瘤基因表达信号奇异点进行检测和分析方面是有效的,结论具有一定的医学参考意义。     

基于小波分析的脉冲涡流信号去噪方法研究

应用小波多尺度分解与重构技术和小波包分析技术对脉冲涡流检测信号进行处理,将信号中的噪声分离出来并去除。采用离散小波变换的强制消噪法、软阈值消噪法和不同熵准则的小波包消噪法,对实测的脉冲涡流信号进行消噪。在保留信号中有用成分的前提下,结合信号的信噪比和均方根误差,对消噪方法进行比较和优选。实验结果表明,小波包分析中的Threshold熵准则法效果最好。     

小波分解和最小二乘支持向量机的风机齿轮箱故障诊断

根据齿轮箱故障时振动信号特点,提出了一种基于小波分解和最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)相结合的齿轮箱故障诊断方法。通过对齿轮箱振动信号进行小波分解,得到各分解节点对应频率段的重构信号和节点的能量,并将各节点能量组成的特征向量作为诊断模型的特征向量,输入到LS-SVM多类分类器中进行故障识别。诊断结果表明:该方法能够准确地识别风力发电机组齿轮箱的常见故障。     

基于递推参数辨识的齿轮箱故障在线检测

为实现齿轮箱故障的在线检测,提出基于递推AR模型参数辨识的齿轮箱振动信号在线辨识方法。对实验室的齿轮箱进行不同工况下振动信号的检测,利用最优辅助变量法确定其自回归模型的阶次和模型参数的初值,以自回归模型系数作为状态变量,采用Kalman滤波器技术进行在线递推参数辨识。实验结果表明,该方法中参数变化量的2-范数会发生突变,能检测出齿轮磨损和轴承外圈剥落的故障。     

A novel fault diagnosis technique for wind turbine gearbox

The gearbox is one of the most important parts of a mechanical equipment. The importance of fault diagnosis in rotating machineries for preventing catastrophic accidents and ensuring adequate maintenance has received considerable attention. In this study, a fault diagnosis method based on gearbox vibration signal monitoring is used to differentiate the signal characteristics of different working conditions and improve the accuracy of diagnosis. The time-domain sequence approximate entropy (ApEn) adaptive strategy is used to propose a wind turbine intelligent fault diagnosis algorithm based on a wavelet packet transform (WPT) filter and a cross-validated particle swarm optimized (CPSO) kernel extreme learning machine (KELM). First, the correlation between the parameter requirements of the intelligent diagnosis system and the system complexity analysis is analyzed. Then, the parameters related to the wavelet filter is determined by calculating the ApEn of the time-domain sequence. Finally, a compact wind turbine gearbox test bench is constructed and tested to validate the proposed ApEn-WPT+CPSO-KELM to identify gearbox-related faults for verification. Results show that the proposed ApEn-WPT+CPSO-KELM method can accurately identify four states of the wind turbine gearbox.     

Investigation of engine fault diagnosis using discrete wavelet transform and neural network

An investigation of a fault diagnostic technique for internal combustion engines using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and neural network is presented in this paper. Generally, sound emission signal serves as a promising alternative to the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis in rotating machinery when the vibration signal is not available. Most of the conventional fault diagnosis techniques using sound emission and vibration signals are based on analyzing the signal amplitude in the time or frequency domain. Meanwhile, the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) technique was developed for obtaining both time-domain and frequency-domain information. Unfortunately, the CWT technique is often operated over a longer computing time. In the present study, a DWT technique which is combined with a feature selection of energy spectrum and fault classification using neural network for analyzing fault signal is proposed for improving the shortcomings without losing its original property. The features of the sound emission signal at different resolution levels are extracted by multi-resolution analysis and Parseval’s theorem [Gaing, Z. L. (2004). Wavelet-based neural network for power disturbance recognition and classification. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 19, 1560–1568]. The algorithm is obtained from previous work by Daubechies [Daubechies, I. (1988). Orthonormal bases of compactly supported wavelets. Communication on Pure and Applied Mathematics 41, 909–996.], the“db4”, “db8” and “db20” wavelet functions are adopted to perform the proposed DWT technique. Then, these features are used for fault recognition using a neural network. The experimental results indicated that the proposed system using the sound emission signal is effective and can be used for fault diagnosis of various engine operating conditions.     

基于迁移学习的小样本齿轮箱故障诊断方法

实际工程场景中齿轮箱受工况、环境等因素影响,数据难以满足特征分布相同、训练数据充足等条件,如何在变工况情况下对齿轮故障进行诊断是故障诊断领域一大难点。为此,提出了一种结合Logistic混沌麻雀搜索优化算法(LSSA)与深度置信网络(DBN)的智能故障诊断方法,即LSSADBN。首先,将时域振动信号进行快速傅里叶变换(FFT)转换为频域信号作为训练数据集,运用Logistic混沌映射对SSA种群进行初始化,采用LSSA方法对训练数据集进行DBN结构寻优;使用最优结构DBN对源域训练集进行预训练,并加入少量目标域样本用于反向权重调优,最终实现在小样本情况下对目标域齿轮箱健康状况的准确识别。实验对比结果证明,LSSADBN方法在模型调优阶段具有更快的收敛速度,且针对不同的目标域进行迁移时都具备较高的准确率,LSSADBN方法的研究对小样本情况下的齿轮箱故障诊断具有一定的应用价值。     

基于BP神经网络的变速箱故障诊断方法研究

针对变速箱的工作时间不能真实反映实际健康状况的问题,通过提取变速箱的振动信号作为状态参数,建立了基于BP神经网络的变速箱故障诊断模型;该模型首先提取振动信号中对故障反映灵敏的成分作为特征值,获得BP神经网络的训练数据,并通过对比确定最优的隐含层节点数,确定BP神经网络的结构参数;模型训练结束后,以验证数据为例进行故障诊断研究,并对诊断结果进行评估;评估结果表明,该模型准确度高,具有较好的应用和推广价值。     

风机传动系统故障诊断试验系统设计

为了获得风机传动系统中轴承和齿轮箱的故障规律,进一步挖掘混合故障的运行特点,设计了一套传动系统试验台。介绍了传动系统部件的设备选型,轴承和齿轮箱典型故障的制备以及振动信号和声发射信号相结合的故障信号采集系统的搭建。最后,对试验台的运行状态信号进行采集与故障分析。分析结果表明传动系统部件及故障设备能够很好地模拟实际工况,结合振动信号和声发射信号,可以进一步提高故障检测的准确性。     

Intelligent fault diagnosis in microprocessor systems for vibration analysis in roller bearings in whirlpool turbine generators real time processor applications

Large steam turbines used for electrical power generation demand governing systems of very high integrity (safety) and availability. The latest generation of electronic governors uses microprocessors in a distributed, two level architecture to achieve the required integrity and availability and in addition provides greater configuration flexibilities and wider facilities than earlier governors. Rolling element bearings are one of the major machinery components used in industries like power plants, chemical plants and automotive industries that require precise and efficient performance. Vibration monitoring and analysis is useful tool in the field of predictive maintenance in small hydro electric power plants. Health of rolling element bearings can be easily identified using vibration monitoring because vibration signature reveals important information about the fault development within them. Numbers of vibration analysis techniques are being used to diagnosis of rolling element bearings faults. This paper proposes a new signal feature extraction and fault diagnosis method for fault diagnosis of low-speed machinery. Initially, the proposed work explores the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) to adaptively remove the exact noises from vibration analysis and then feature extraction is performed by exploiting the noise removed pre-processed data. Statistic filter (SF) and Hilbert transform (HT) are combined with moving-peak-hold method (M-PH) to extract features of a fault signal, and Special bearing diagnostic symptom parameters (SSPs) in a frequency domain that are sensitive to bearing fault diagnosis are defined to recognize fault types. The SF is first used to adaptively cancel noises, and then fault detection is performed by exploiting the optimum symptom parameters in a time domain to identify a normal or fault state. For precise diagnosis, the SSPs are calculated after the signals are processed by M-PH and HT.     

基于广义多重分形维数算法的汽车变速箱故障诊断研究

提出了一种基于扩展广义多重分形维数算法的汽车变速箱故障诊断方法。该算法是基于传统的G-P关联维数算法扩展而形成的,通过该算法对变速箱上采集的不同工作状态下的振动信号进行处理,提取变速箱齿轮的振动信号的分数维,观察及分析分形维数与变速箱齿轮的磨损规律的关系,发现其反映变速箱齿轮的真实运行状态,故可以此作为齿轮磨损预测和诊断的有效依据。     

A novel approach to wavelet selection and tree kernel construction for diagnosis of rolling element bearing fault

A novel methodology for early diagnosis of rolling element bearing fault is employed based on continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and support vector machine (SVM). CWT is especially suited for analyzing non-stationary signals in time–frequency domain where time information is retained as well as frequency content. To better approximate non-stationary vibration signals from rolling element bearing, a wavelet choice criterion is established to select an appropriate mother wavelet for feature extraction. The Shannon wavelet is picked out of several considered wavelets. The classification tree kernels (CTK) are constructed to address nonlinear classification of the characteristic samples derived from the wavelet coefficients. By using Fuzzy pruning strategy, a large variety of classification trees are generated. The trees with diverse structures can effectively explore intrinsic information among samples. Then, the tree kernel matrices can be acquired through ensemble statistical learning, which eventually reveal the similarity of samples objectively and stably. Under such architecture of kernel methods, a classification tree kernel based support vector machine (CTKSVM) is proposed to identify bearing fault. The performance of the methodology involving CWT and CTKSVM (CWT–CTKSVM) is evaluated by cross validation and independent test. The results show that the CWT–CTKSVM totally is superior to other SVM methods with common kernels. Therefore, it is a prospective technique for detection and identification of rolling element bearing fault.