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电站特种设备的安全技术管理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
电站的锅炉、压力容器和压力管道等都属于特种设备。这些特种设备的工作条件恶劣(高温、高压)、部件复杂、数量繁多,容易发生故障和事故,是影响火力发电厂运行可靠性和经济性的决定性因素。在2003年全国火电300MW机组非计划停运事故中,电站特种设备事故约占43.8%,所以,加强电站 相似文献
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宁夏电网火电机组非计划停运分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对宁夏电网2007年火电机组非计划停运情况进行汇总,通过分析影响大机组非计划停运的主要因素,提出降低非计划停运的措施,为宁夏电网并网火电机组提高运行可靠性提供了依据. 相似文献
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火电在我国能源结构中具有重要地位,为了适应电力增长的需求,提高火电机组的热效率,降低供电煤耗,同时满足国家节能减排方针,1 000 MW超超临界机组逐渐成为火力发电厂中的主力机组,为了充分利用高参数、大容量机组的经济性,并保证机组安全性、寿命不受影响,机组停机过程中的优化显得尤为重要。通过对停机过程的不断优化,合理兼顾经济性与安全性,降低机组在低负荷运行阶段的能耗,避免机组在不稳定运行期间的设备损坏,防止在停机过程中由于操作不当造成环保参数超标,降低汽轮机缸体温度,为机组停运后的检修争取时间。文章通过多次机组滑参数停运的过程总结及对一次典型机组滑参数停运的描述,介绍了相关经验以供参考。 相似文献
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通过对2005年全国100MW 及以上容量火电和40MW 及以上容量水电机组、200MW 及以上容量火电机组5种主要发电辅助设备可靠性的计划停运、非计划停运及主要影响因素进行分析与评估,特别是通过近几年的指标分析比较,提出影响可靠性因素的变化趋势,为提高发电企业可靠性管理提供了有益的依据。 相似文献
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高压加热器是汽轮发电机组回热系统中的重要辅机设备,运行高压加热器可提高锅炉给水温度,降低机组能耗。它是利用汽轮机的抽汽加热锅炉给水的装置,对提高电厂热效率有着重要作用,高压加热器的水位控制对整个系统的安全运行有着重要的影响。 相似文献
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对江苏电网近几年大机组非计划停运情况进行了分析,通过分析比较得到了影响大机组非计划停运的主要因素,提出了降低大机组非计划停运的措施,为江苏电网并网发电机组提高可靠性提供了依据。 相似文献
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One of the ways for improving the operational reliability and economy of thermal power station equipment, including combined-cycle equipment, is to decrease the rates of the corrosion of constructional materials and the formation of scales in the water-steam circuit. These processes can be reduced to a minimum via the use of water with a minimum content of admixtures and the correction treatment of a heat-transfer fluid. The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS), which unites specialists from every country of the world, has developed water and steam quality standards for power station equipment of different types on the basis of theoretical studies and long-term experience in the operation of power plants in 21 countries. Different water chemistry regimes are currently used at conventional and combined-cycle thermal power stations. This paper describes the conditions for the implementation of water chemistry regimes with the use of sodium salts of phosphoric acid and NaOH for the quality correction of boiler water. Water and steam quality standards and some recommendations for their maintenance under different operational conditions are given for each of the considered water chemistry regimes. The standards are designed for the water-steam circuit of conventional and combined-cycle thermal power stations. It is pointed out that the quality control of a heat-transfer fluid must be especially careful at combined-cycle thermal power stations with frequent startups and shutdowns. 相似文献
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对某省1996年至2000年发电设备可靠性指标完成情况及影响因素进行了分析,找到造成机组非计划停运和降出力的主要因素,制定出提高机组热控专业可靠性的管理措施和技术措施,保证机组的安全经济运行。 相似文献
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机组的优化启动,是火电厂提高经济效益最直接有效措施之一,电力体制改革的实施。使得火电厂更加重视自身的发电成本,实现机组的快速启停可以降低电厂的发电成本,提高电厂的经济性。 相似文献
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The use of potent power units in thermal and nuclear power plants in order to regulate the loads results in intense wear of power generating equipment and reduction in cost efficiency of their operation. We review the methodology of a quantitative assessment of the lifespan and wear of steam-turbine power units and estimate the effect of various operation regimes upon their efficiency. To assess the power units’ equipment wear, we suggest using the concept of a turbine’s equivalent lifespan. We give calculation formulae and an example of calculation of the lifespan of a steam-turbine power unit for supercritical parameters of steam for different options of its loading. The equivalent lifespan exceeds the turbine’s assigned lifespan only provided daily shutdown of the power unit during the night off-peak time. We obtained the engineering and economical indices of the power unit operation for different loading regulation options in daily and weekly diagrams. We proved the change in the prime cost of electric power depending on the operation regimes and annual daily number of unloading (non-use) of the power unit’s installed capacity. According to the calculation results, the prime cost of electric power for the assumed initial data varies from 11.3 cents/(kW h) in the basic regime of power unit operation (with an equivalent operation time of 166700 hours) to 15.5 cents/(kW h) in the regime with night and holiday shutdowns. The reduction of using the installed capacity of power unit at varying regimes from 3.5 to 11.9 hours per day can increase the prime cost of energy from 4.2 to 37.4%. Furthermore, repair and maintenance costs grow by 4.5% and by 3 times, respectively, in comparison with the basic regime. These results indicate the need to create special maneuverable equipment for working in the varying section of the electric load diagram. 相似文献
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随着电力需求的增长、装机容量的增加和用电侧负荷峰谷差的增大,大型火电机组常处于低负荷工况下运行,提高机组的经济性、降低运行成本成为发电厂的迫切要求,节能也成为提高火电机组经济性的必要环节,减少机组煤耗是节能的一种重要方法。以300 MW火电机组为例,通过耗差分析方法,对机组的经济性进行评价,分析机组的经济指标参数对供电煤耗率的影响,给出了减少煤耗率的典型措施,以达到降低煤耗、提高机组经济性的目的。 相似文献
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Robinson J. Whelan C.D. Haggerty N.K. 《Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on》2004,40(3):853-860
Industrial manufacturers strive to maximize uptime of plant operations and processes. However, downtime can be a valuable asset and present many opportunities to address those critical maintenance items that can impact reliability. Since motors and associated driven equipment comprise almost 90% of the process loads, identifying and correcting these mechanical and electrical maintenance problems will reduce unplanned production shutdowns and significantly increase business profits. This paper explores the various protection technologies available to the plant and design engineer for implementation of a cost effective and reliability centered motor management program. 相似文献
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结合国内电力市场现状,建立了火电机组负荷分配优化的模型.对比分析了机组负荷分配优化不同算法的优缺点,具有全局寻优能力的混沌算法最适合火电机组负荷分配优化的求解,并开发了机组负荷分配优化系统软件,对降低火电厂总煤耗,提高供电品质,实现火电厂机组的安全、稳定和经济运行具有一定的理论和现实意义. 相似文献