输入侧断相对多脉波整流器直流侧谐波抑制方法的影响

为描述多脉波整流器断相时的故障特征,分析了断相对使用直流侧谐波抑制方法的多脉波整流器的影响。以使用两抽头变换器的24脉波整流器和使用有源平衡电抗器的12脉波整流器为例,分析了正常工作和断相运行时整流器各处的电压和电流特征。通过理论分析和实验验证,结果表明断相会导致两整流桥输出电压的瞬时差等于零,进而使抽头变换器和有源平衡电抗器不能产生环流去抑制输入电流谐波;同时,断相运行也将使负载电压纹波显著增大,即断相将导致输入侧和负载侧电能质量恶化。相关结论可为并联型多脉波整流器断相故障的分析和实时处理提供理论依据。     

一种直流侧带混合谐波抑制电路的24脉波整流器

常规12脉波整流器会对电网造成大量谐波污染。为同时提高整流器交、直流侧电能质量,提出了一种直流侧带混合谐波抑制电路(Hybrid Harmonic Suppression Circuit, HHSC)的24脉波整流器。所提整流器由常规12脉波整流器、抽头变换器(Tapped Inter-Phase Converter, TIPC)和补偿电路(Compensation Circuit, CC)组成。TIPC的输出端与负载串联,直接调制整流桥的输出电流和电压。CC与负载并联,间接调制整流桥的输出电流,然后根据交、直流两侧电流关系和直流侧电压关系,最终使整流器输入电流接近正弦波,输出电压由12脉波倍增至24脉波。该方法仅需小容量(仅为输出功率的2.65%)的HHSC即可有效降低输入电流谐波和输出电压纹波,具有高谐波抑制性能、低谐波抑制代价等优点。在Matlab/Simulink中搭建仿真模型,验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性。     

基于直流侧混合电压谐波注入的低谐波串联36脉波整流器

为满足整流器高电压输出和提升串联12脉波整流器谐波抑制能力,提出一种使用直流侧混合脉波倍增技术的低谐波串联36脉波整流器。基于隔离型串联12脉波整流器,在其直流侧设置混合电压谐波注入电路且负载端并联滤波电容,可同时抑制交、直流侧谐波,实现低谐波运行。混合谐波注入电路参与调制两个整流桥间电流和电压波形,最终使交流侧输入电压阶梯数由12提升至36。该文分析所提36脉波整流器工作机理,设计注入变压器最优电压比、功率管IGBT导通角及其控制电路,研究正常状态下和IGBT故障下整流器的运行特性,并使用硬件在环（HIL）测试系统验证了理论分析的正确性。实验结果表明,所提整流器器件利用率高、谐波含量低,IGBT故障下具备鲁棒性强、输出电压增益高的特点,可应用于高电压、高功率变流场合。     

一种使用无源谐波抑制方法的多脉波整流器

提出一种使用直流侧无源谐波抑制方法的多脉波整流器及其设计方法,该方法采用一组单相整流桥产生环流,调节多脉波整流器的输入线电流。单相整流桥的输入端与平衡电抗器的二次侧相连,其输出端与负载相连,将吸收的谐波能量回馈给负载。分析单相整流桥的几种运行模态,设计平衡电抗器的最佳匝比。所提出的多脉波整流器是一种24脉波整流器,其输入线电流的THD理论上约为7.6%。仿真和实验结果表明,该多脉波整流器输入线电流的THD低于5%。此外,该多脉波整流器具有易于实现且谐波抑制成本低的优点。     

基于非常规平衡电抗器的直流侧谐波抑制方法

为提高多脉波整流器的谐波抑制能力,提出一种基于非常规平衡电抗器的直流侧谐波抑制方法.在常规平衡电抗器的基础上,增加一次侧抽头数和二次绕组,并通过一次侧抽头控制电路和二次侧整流电路与负载相连,进而提高整流器输出电压脉波数和输入电流的阶梯数,降低了输入电流总谐波畸变率(THD).以输入线电流THD最小为目标,分析非常规平衡电抗器的工作模式和参数优化设计方法.实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性,应用非常规平衡电抗器后,并联型整流器的输出脉波数可从12脉波增加至24、36、48脉波,输入线电流THD由15.15％降低至3.81％,谐波抑制能力得到显著提升.     

基于电力电子变压器的串联型12脉波整流器

针对串联型多脉波整流器中移相变压器体积大与重量高等问题,研究一种基于电力电子变压器的串联型12脉波整流器.该整流器由AC-AC变换器及高频多脉波整流器组成;分析了AC-AC变换器的工作原理,并根据工作原理设计了其控制策略,获得了AC-AC变换器输入、输出电压之间的定量关系;设计了Y/Δ/Y型移相变压器,并根据其结构获得了其输入电压与整流桥输入电压之间的数学关系;利用开关函数法确定了2个三相二极管整流桥的导通模态,建立了电力电子变换器输入电压与整流器输出电压之间的定量关系;引入等效电阻的概念,建立了整流器解析模型,获得了电力电子变压器输入电流以及输入功率因数的表达式.仿真和实验结果表明,使用电力电子变压器代替工频主变压器后,主变压器体积和重量减小三分之二,电力电子变压器输入电流THD值为6.5％左右,负载电压和电流保持恒定.     

一种基于全波平衡电抗器的双反星形12脉波整流器

为了有效抑制常规双反星形整流器的输入电流谐波和输出电压脉动,提出一种基于全波平衡电抗器的双反星形12脉波整流器。所提出的12脉波整流器由常规的双反星形整流器和全波平衡电抗器组成。全波平衡电抗器中含有带副边绕组的平衡电抗器和辅助单相全波整流器,辅助单相全波整流器通过从平衡电抗器的副边绕组提取方波电流来增加2个三相半波整流桥的输出电流和电压模态,然后依据交直流两侧电流和直流侧电压的关系,将双反星形整流器的脉波数从6倍增到12,显著抑制了输入电流谐波和输出电压脉动。因流过辅助单相全波整流器的电流仅为负载电流的6.69%,相较于现有基于抽头平衡电抗器的脉波倍增方法,所提方法除具备电路结构简单可靠、易于实现和成本低廉等优点外,还具有更小的附加导通损耗,更适用于低压大功率工业场合。研制了一台功率为1.1 kW的实验样机,验证了理论分析的正确性和该方法的有效性。     

输入侧断相对自耦型12脉波整流器的影响

分析了输入侧断相对使用升压型三角形联结自耦变压器的12脉波整流器的影响,给出正常工作和断相运行时整流器各处的电压和电流特征。理论分析和实验结果表明,两整流桥输出电压的瞬时差是形成12脉波整流的关键;断相时,12脉波整流器等效为两个具有相同输入电压的单相全桥整流电路的并联,两整流桥输出电压瞬时差等于零,导致负载电压为2脉波,直流侧电能质量显著降低;所断相的输入电流等于零,整流器工作于严重的不对称状态。     

基于新型低损耗平衡变换技术的多相整流系统

常规抽头式平衡电抗器技术可有效抑制大功率多相整流器的网侧电流谐波,但负载电流全部流经抽头二极管。这一情况致使二极管导通损耗严重,制约了该技术的应用。为此,提出一种结构简单、可靠性高的谐波抑制方法。该方法从常规六相整流系统的直流侧入手,在常规平衡电抗器上增设一个中心抽头式的绕组,通过合理配置其匝比,并在此绕组与负载之间串接单相全波整流器即可实现。利用该方法对原整流系统电流进行调制,可使原整流器从12脉波工作状态转变为24脉波工作状态。该方法不仅可取得与两抽头变换法一样的网侧电流谐波抑制效果,与两抽头变换法相比,还可使单相全波整流器二极管的平均电流不超过负载电流的2%,即可有效解决了传统抽头变换法因高损耗带来的问题。理论分析、仿真及实验结果均验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性。     

一种直流侧使用低损耗无源脉波倍增电路的并联型24脉波整流器

传统无源式抽头平衡变换器虽然可以降低12脉波整流器的网侧电流总谐波畸变率，但其抽头与负载回路串联引起的高损耗问题严重制约了该方法在大功率整流场合的应用。为此，提出一种损耗低、易于实现的无源谐波抑制方案。该方案仅需在12脉波整流器的直流侧配置两个具有对称结构的双抽头平衡变换器，利用辅助二极管调制原理产生的方波电流，将整流器的脉波数由12倍增至24倍。与无源式两抽头平衡变换器相比，所提方案在实现相同的谐波抑制效果前提下，降低辅助二极管电流有效值至2%。所提方案具有鲁棒性强、损耗低和易于实现的优点，更适合应用于低压大电流场合。     

Three-phase active harmonic rectifier (AHR) to improve utility input current THD in telecommunication power distribution system

Modern telecommunication power supply systems have several parallel-connected switch-mode rectifiers to provide -48 V DC. A typical switch-mode rectifier configuration includes a three-phase diode rectifier followed by a DC-DC converter. Such a system draws significant harmonic currents for the utility, resulting in poor input power factor and high total harmonic distortion. In this paper, a three-phase active harmonic rectifier (AHR) scheme is proposed. In the AHR scheme, a diode rectifier module is replaced by a six-insulated-gate-bipolar-transistor pulsewidth-modulation rectifier to supply load harmonics as well as its own active power. Each DC-DC converter module is connected to a shared 48-V DC link. The AHR module together with parallel-connected switch-mode rectifiers is controlled to achieve clean input power characteristics. The VA ratings of the AHR scheme is compared with an active power filter approach. The control design is based on the synchronous reference frame approach. Analysis, simulation, and experimental results show that the AHR offers several advantages such as lower VA rating, better current control response, efficient use of the AHR DC link, small size, and stable DC-link voltage control.     

Reliable 3-phase PWM boost rectifiers employing a stacked dualboost converter subtopology

This paper describes circuit topologies for three-phase pulse-width modulation (PWM) boost rectifiers that operate with a unity fundamental power factor and a low-distortion AC line current. Overlap delays between the switching of the upper and lower devices in a PWM rectifier leg are not critical and diodes eliminate the possibility of the DC-link capacitor discharging into short circuits and shoot-through fault conditions. The rectifiers are controlled using a “stacked dual boost converter cell” subtopology model that can be used in two current control modes. The dual current-control mode shapes two line currents and can achieve current distortion levels below 5%. The single current control mode shapes one line current and can achieve current distortion levels close to 5% with the rectifier output DC voltage at the standard level associated with a rectified mains voltage. The per-unit current ratings for the switches in the three-phase PWM switch networks are around 15-20% of the input RMS line current as compared to 71% for a standard three-phase PWM rectifiers. Circuit simulations and experimental results are used to demonstrate the performance and feasibility of the rectifiers described     

六相整流系统变压器一次侧断相分析

对变抽头六相整流系统断相现象进行了详细的理论分析、仿真研究和试验验证,指出断相六相整流系统相当于两个单相桥式整流的并联,得到了变抽头在断相时失效的结论.两整流桥断相时的输入输出电压在理想情况下只是大小不同,相位完全一样,在非理想情况下波形发生较小畸变.该整流系统断相时直流输出电压近似为正弦半波,直流脉动特别大,对电网的电磁干扰非常严重;负载电流绝大部分流经与变压器星形二次侧相连的整流桥,而与三角形二次侧相连的整流桥上只流过较小的电流.上述结论对变压器和整流二极管参数选定以及该系统的故障诊断与实时处理具有重要的指导作用.     

Implementation of an interleaved pulse‐width modulation converter for renewable energy conversion

This paper presents an interleaved soft switching converter to achieve the features of zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn‐on for power switches, zero current switching turn‐off for rectifier diodes at full load, less transformer secondary winding with full‐wave diode rectifier topology, and balance primary currents with series connection of the transformer secondary windings. Two circuit modules are adopted in the proposed circuit, and they are operated with an interleaved pulse‐width modulation. Thus, ripple currents at the input and output sides are reduced. In each module, two ZVS converters using the same switches are operated with interleaved half switching cycle. The secondary windings of transformers are connected in series in order to ensure that the primary side currents are balanced. The full‐wave diode rectifier topology is used on the output side such that the voltage stress of rectifier diodes equals output voltage, rather than being two times the output voltage as in a conventional center‐tapped rectifier topology. Laboratory experiments with a 1000‐W prototype are provided to describe the effectiveness of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

倍流整流三电平零电压软开关三相高功率因数整流器

提出一种新型的具有倍流整流的三电平零电压软开关三相高功率因数AC/DC变换器电路,该电路入端电感电流工作在DCM方式,以便实现高功率因数,输出滤波电感工作在CCM方式.与普通零电压三电平变换器比较,该电路在整个负载范围内更易实现功率管的零电压开关,无占空比丢失和二次侧电压尖峰.本文分析了电路工作原理,给出了高功率因数与电路参数的关系曲线,推导了电压增益公式和入端电感与输出滤波电感的设计公式,最后给出了实验结果.     

High‐efficiency current‐doubler rectifier with low output current ripple and high step‐down voltage ratio

This paper presents a current‐doubler rectifier with low output current ripple and high step‐down voltage ratio. In the proposed rectifier, two extra inductors are introduced to extend the duty ratio of the switches, which in turn reduces the peak current through the isolation transformer as well as the output current ripple; two extra diodes are used to provide discharge paths for the two extra inductors. To highlight the merits of the proposed rectifier, its performance indexes, such as voltage gain function, secondary winding peak current of the isolation transformer, and output current ripple, are analyzed and compared with the conventional current‐doubler rectifier. In this paper, a zero‐voltage‐switching phase‐shift full‐bridge converter with the proposed rectifier with an input voltage of 400 V, output voltage of 12 V, and full load power of 500 W has been implemented and verified, and experimental results have shown that 90% conversion efficiency could be achieved at full load. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.