Designing for Long Campaign Life Blast Furnace (2)--The Simulation of Temperature Field of Lining and Cooling Apparatus

Through the numerical modeling of temperature field for Blast Furnace (BF) lining and stave coolers, it can tell designers how to design a cooler which the hot surface temperature is less than its critical temperature under very high heat flux. Applying low heat re- sistance lining and staves cooler to BF is good for a layer of slag skull frozen on the hot surface of cooling stave. As long as the slag skull can stand, the furnace wall is stable and the heat loss of furnace does not increase. This is the basic principle for designing long campa- ignship BF.     

铜-铸铁冷却壁的稳态温度场分析

通过实体建模的方法和传热学理论,建立了铜-铸铁冷却壁的有限元模型.分析了铜-铸铁冷却壁热面的稳态温度场与渣皮、炉衬对冷却壁温度场的影响.结果表明,只要冷却壁的热面挂有20mm渣皮或炉衬厚度为50mm时,就可以保证冷却壁在1 200℃的煤气流温度中不会被烧坏.     

Optimum design and layout of the cooling apparatus for long compaignship blast furnace

Generally, the cooler life can determine the blast furnace life. The slag-metal skull frozen on the cooler can separate the cooler from the hot gas flow in blast furnace. The key problem is how to freeze liquid slag-metal on the cooler, and the main measure is to decrease the hot surface temperature of the cooler. The computational technology of heat transfer was practically used for long campaign blast furnace design. The optimum design of the cast iron stave, copper stave, plate-stave combined system and flange stave was given by the computing results. According to the results, the optimum arrangement of different coolers (cast iron or copper     

高炉用铜－钢复合冷却壁传热及力学性能分析

采用热力耦合方法研究了铜层厚度和冷却水道间距对铜－钢复合冷却壁温度及应力分布的影响．以1：1比例铜－钢复合冷却壁进行了热态试验,测试了铜－钢复合冷却壁温度分布,计算了热态试验条件下铜－钢复合冷却壁的温度分布,计算结果与试验结果基本吻合．计算结果显示,铜－钢复合冷却壁铜层厚度增加,壁体最高温度和最大等效应力减少,铜层厚度上限值为70mm;冷却水道间距减少可以降低壁体最高温度和最大等效应力,当冷却水道间距小于220mm时,减少冷却水道间距对降低壁体最高温度和最大等效应力作用较小．铜层厚度为60mm,冷却水道间距为220mm的铜－钢复合冷却壁在高炉热负荷较高区域工作不易发生塑性变形损坏．     

水管冷却等效热传导方程中混凝土初温的研究

针对进行水管冷却的混凝土浇筑仓温度场仿真计算时,水管冷却等效热传导方程中的混凝土初温的计算存在不同的算法,采用水管冷却精细有限元法和水管冷却等效热传导法,对含冷却水管的混凝土棱柱体进行温度场对比分析,研究了水管冷却等效热传导法中混凝土初始温度的计算方法.分析认为水管冷却等效热传导方程中的混凝土初温应是含冷却水管的混凝土棱柱体在通水开始时刻的混凝土平均温度,该平均温度可由混凝土棱柱体单元高斯点温度与高斯点所占体积的乘积除于混凝土棱柱体单元体积获得.     

热管用于挤出机中螺杆的冷却

热管是一种新型传热元件。具有导热性能高、结构简单、工作可靠、温度均匀等优点。本文通过分析目前挤出机中螺杆冷却所存在的问题,重点介绍了一种新式挤出机螺杆的冷却方式,即将螺杆芯部挖空,在其中装上热管。该装置结构紧凑、导热效率高、无需保养维修,且借助于热管操纵装置可有效地控制螺杆温度,具有极其重要的推广价值。     

马钢高炉破损冷却壁应力分析有限元软件的编制

对大中型计算机有限元通用程序SAP，ADINA和ADINAT进行了研究，根据高炉冷却壁的破损调查结果，开发出适合于486／586微机运行的应力分析有限元计算软件．算例结果与理论解良好吻合，可用于计算分析冷却壁的温度场和应力分布．     

Experimental study on heat transfer characteristics of blast furnace copper staves

Much attention has been paid to copper staves because they have excellent performance and longevity. The hot test of copper staves was carded out using all-scale stave experiment system and according to the results, the temperature distribution and heat charac-teristics were studied. The result shows that copper stave possesses outstanding heat transfer ability, a well-distributed temperature field and low temperature on the hot side. In addition, a model was established to calculate the cooling water channels‘ inner face temperature.The calculation results indicates that the highest temperature of the inner wall of the channels is 42℃, and at the same time, the cold side of the stave temperature is 42-43℃. That is to say, the temperature in the stave is quite uniform.     

Analysis of heat transfer of loop heat pipe used to cool high power LED

A novel loop heat pipe (LHP) cooling device for high power LED is developed. The thermal capabilities, including startup performance, temperature uniformity and thermal resistance of the loop heat pipe under different heat loads and incline angles have been investigated experimentally. The obtained results indicate that the thermal resistance of the heat pipe heat sink is in the range of 0.19–3.1 K/W, the temperature uniformity in the evaporator is controlled within 1.5°C, and the junction temperature of high power LED can be controlled steadily under 100°C for a heat load of 100 W.     

马钢4#高炉炉身冷却模块技术的应用

大型炉身冷却模块技术是近年来应用的新技术,因其运用厚壁水管弯制,直接与炉皮焊接,再浇注耐热混凝土,避免了传统铸铁冷却壁存在的缺陷,为高炉长寿拓宽了思路。     

3-D temperature distribution of a full size BF copper stave with oblate channel

An experiment of a new type full size copper stave for a real blast furnace was carried out in a special-designed experimental system. The 3-D temperature distribution inside the stave including isotherm was obtained based on the experiment data. And the effects of the temperature of cooling water and the velocity of the water as well as the temperature of the furnace on the 3-D temperature distribution were obtained. The experimental and calculation results show that the highest temperature of the hot surface is lower than 90℃ which is very good for the solidified slag formation on the hot surface and protecting the stave.     

大体积混凝土水管冷却关键参数的敏感性研究

分析了大体积混凝土三维水管冷却温度场的计算原理与方法,利用有限元软件对影响冷却效果的三个关键因素,即冷却水温、通水流量和水管管径进行了仿真计算及敏感性分析。结果表明:冷却水温参数对大体积混凝土影响的效果高于通水流量和水管管径;在通水200 h后,以25 ℃水温为基准,水温每降低1%,混凝土内部最高温度下降约0.066 ℃;以0.6 m³/h通水流量为基准,流量每增加1%,混凝土内部最高温度下降约0.026 ℃;以20 mm管径为基准,管径每增加1%,混凝土内部最高温度下降约0.049 ℃。     

水温差及热负荷在线检测技术在包钢高炉上的应用

简介了水温差及热负荷在线检测系统功能、系统组成和特点,以及如何利用它分析、判断、执行高炉冷却制度,该系统还可用于预测煤气流的分布和冷却壁的漏水情况.     

承台大体积混凝土水化热分析及温控措施

大体积混凝土会产生大量的水化热导致结构裂缝的出现,对结构的耐久性和承载力产生不利影响,因此需要采取控制措施,减少混凝土内部的梯度温度,控制大体积混凝土结构在施工过程中裂缝的产生。论文采取混凝土内部布置管冷的措施来降低承台大体积混凝土结构在施工过程中产生的水化热,控制混凝土温度裂缝。利用Midas/Civil有限元软件的水化热计算模块进行水阳江特大桥承台大体积混凝土结构的数值模拟,通过无管冷和有管冷的对比分析,确定布置管冷的必要性。研究进水温度、水流量等参数对承台大体积混凝土结构的水化热影响,确定管冷合理的参数取值。分析浇注温度对承台施工过程中温度效应的影响,确定合适的浇筑温度。通过优化分析得到浇筑温度为15℃、进水温度10℃和管冷水流量为2 m~3/h时,其冷却的效果较好并满足规范要求。通过合理的管冷布置和必要的温控措施,能够有效地降低施工中内部温度并且符合工程的实际要求。     

无料钟高炉停炉几个问题的探讨

介绍了空料线回收煤气停炉法在无料钟高炉停炉上的应用情况．对回收煤气、炉顶温度控制和料面深空等操作问题进行了探讨．应用料线与煤气中二氧化碳百分含量的关系曲线对停炉过程进行预测，使高炉停炉操作更加完善．     

高熔点钢板电阻点焊电极传热特性数值模拟与分析

以22MnB5钢板电阻点焊电极为研究对象,基于控制体积法对其传热特性进行了数值模拟与分析.着重对其电极温度场分布以及冷却水流场分布进行了研究,探讨了电极冷却腔底面凹角、冷却水管与冷却腔底距离、冷却水管端面切角等因素对电极散热能力的影响规律,并在此基础上对电极结构进行了优化设计.结果显示,在不影响电极正常工作的前提下,优化后电极的冷却能力有显著增强,完全冷却时间较优化前减少2 s.     

Quantificational indexes for design and evaluation of copper staves for blast furnaces

The quantificational and normative design is the precondition of improving the design of copper staves for blast furnaces. Based on a 3-dimensional temperature field calculation model, from the view point of heat transfer and long campaigns note with the core of forming accretion, the forming-accretion-ability （FAA） and the rib hot surface maximum temperature difference （ATmax） as quantificational indexes to direct and evaluate the design of copper staves for blast furnaces were presented. The application of the two indexes in design essentially embodies the new long campaigns in the stage of design. With the application of the two indexes, good results can be obtained. Firstly, it was suggested that the rib height of a copper stave can be reduced to 15 mm, which is a new method and theory for the reduction of copper staves. Secondly, the influence of insert on FAA and ATmax, is decided by the volume of insert. According to this, the principle of design for the hot surface geometry of copper staves was put forward that the ratio of the rib hot surface to the copper stave hot surface （abbreviated as the ratio of rib to stave） must be maintained in the range of 45% to 55%; for the present copper stave with a 35-40 mm thick rib, the ratio of rib to stave in the range of 50% to 55% can optimize the design of copper staves; for the copper stave with a smaller rib thickness, for example 15 ram, the ratio of rib to stave in the range of 45% to 50% can optimize the design of copper staves. It can be summarized that the thicker the rib thickness, the larger is the ratio of rib to stave. 2008 University of Science and Technology Beijing. All rights reserved.     

Numerical simulation for the lower shaft and the hearth bottom of blast furnace

One of the methods forming the shell is to appropriately design the cooling staves and hearth without overheating during the campaign life of the furnace. The three-dimensional steady mathematical models for calculating the temperature distribution in the coolers and two-dimensional unsteady mathematical models with phase-change latent heat for calculating the temperature distribution of the hearth bottom were established. The calculation results show that the formation of the slag-metal protection shell can be achieved by optimizing the design parameters of the coolers. Increasing the heat conductivity of the carbon brick can move the isothermal line of 1150℃ upward outside the hearth bottom.     

马钢HT冷却壁解剖研究与破损机理

使用金相分析、电镜及能谱分析、化学分析和力性分析方法，对马钢3号高炉第四代炉役炉腹段HT冷却壁进行了解剖研究．提出了HT冷却壁的微观破损机制．     

大体积混凝土小温差的长期通水冷却

通水冷却是大体积混凝土温控防裂的主要措施,现有的通水冷却方式要求在短时间内将混凝土温度降低到目标温度,必将在水管附近产生较大的温度梯度,可产生较大的拉应力,不利于水管附近混凝土的防裂,而小温差长期通水冷却方式由于水温与混凝土温度差别较小,可减低降温梯度,减小温度应力.采用三维有限元热流耦合精细算法对大体积混凝土水管的小温差长期通水冷却进行了研究.计算结果表明:现有的通水冷却方式会产生较大的温度梯度和温降速率,使混凝土应力偏大,不利于温控防裂,初步验证了小温差长期通水冷却可以有效地减小混凝土温度梯度和应力的优点.