Selective depression action of taurine in flotation separation of specularite and chlorite

Chlorite, as the most representative gangue mineral associated with specularite, of which the separation of these two minerals is difficult. This paper investigated the depression effect of taurine on specularite/chlorite separation via flotation experiments, adsorption tests, contact angle measurements, Zeta potential detection, FT-IR measurements, and XPS analyses. The results of single mineral flotation indicated that chlorite could be depressed selectively by taurine with the recovery of less than 30%, but the floatability of specularite remains high with recovery rate of 81.77% at pH 10. The artificial mixed mineral flotation results confirmed the effectiveness of taurine as a depressant. Surface adsorption, contact angle, and Zeta potential detection revealed taurine primarily adsorbs on the chlorite surface, which hampered the DDA’s subsequent adsorption and results in the chlorite’s poor floatability. The FT-IR spectra and XPS analyses provided further proof that taurine adsorbed on chlorite surface as an electron donor, and part of the electrons transferred from the sulfonic acid group of taurine to metal ions during the adsorption process. In addition, the hydrogen bond between amino-group of taurine and O ions in chlorite surface was also formed in the adsorption process. Finally, optimized adsorption configurations of taurine on chlorite surfaces were proposed.     

辛基羟肟酸浮选行为的研究进展

羟肟酸是一类高效、低毒、选择性强的捕收剂,已被广泛应用于多种金属矿,特别是稀土矿物的浮选。其中,辛基羟肟酸（OHA）碳链长度适中,生产工艺简单且成本低,具有良好的浮选性能和起泡性能。介绍了OHA的合成方法、捕收机理、分析检测手段及其在稀土矿物、钨矿物、铁矿物、锡石、孔雀石等矿物浮选中的应用。OHA可通过络合作用与多种金属离子形成稳定的杂环螯合物,从而实现药剂在矿物表面的选择性吸附。OHA浮选pH范围较宽,pH为7左右浮选效果最佳。在抑制剂的作用下,OHA能实现稀土矿物、钨矿物等有价矿物与重晶石、萤石、石英等脉石矿物的有效分离。开发基于OHA 的组合药剂,有望获得更好的选别指标和经济效益。     

Flotation of copper oxide minerals: A review

Copper oxide minerals are important copper resources, which include malachite, azurite, chrysocolla, cuprite, etc. Flotation is the most widely used method for the enrichment of copper oxide minerals in the mineral processing industry. In this paper, the surface properties of copper oxide minerals and their effects on the mineral flotation behavior are systematically summarized. The flotation methods of copper oxide minerals and the interaction mechanism with reagents are reviewed in detail. Flotation methods include direct flotation (using chelating reagents or a fatty acid as collector), sulfidization flotation (using xanthate as collector), and activation flotation (using chelating reagents, ammonium/amine salts, metal ions, and oxidant for activation). An effective way to realize efficient flotation of copper oxide minerals is to increase active sites on the surface of copper oxide minerals to enhance the interaction of collector with the mineral surface. Besides, various perspectives for further investigation on the efficient recovery of copper oxide minerals are proposed.     

难处理高结合率氧化铜矿选冶联合工艺研究

采用选冶联合工艺对含铜1.53％、氧化率47.06％、结合率21.57％的高结合率氧化铜矿进行回收.原矿的砂光片分析结果表明,矿石中大部分铜矿物嵌布粒度极细,多呈星点状和不均匀浸染状分布,与硅、钙、镁、铝等脉石共生严重,导致浮游性较差.针对该矿石的特点,研究了工艺参数及流程结构对指标的影响,确定了“三次粗选—粗精矿再磨—三次精选”的硫化浮选工艺流程,获得了含铜品位为23.43％、回收率为53.72％的铜精矿.对尾矿的形貌及矿物组成表征发现：铜矿物呈细粒浸染状或被硅酸盐矿物包裹,导致这部分铜损失在尾矿中.在最佳的酸浸工艺条件下,对浮选尾矿进行酸浸试验,获得了相对原矿的浸出率为33.21％的试验指标;铜综合回收率为86.93％.     

沉积变质型黄梅磷灰岩工艺矿物学研究

利用矿物自动定量分析系统（AMICS）及偏光显微镜对黄梅沉积变质型磷灰岩开展了系统的工艺矿物学研究,并进行了浮选验证试验。研究结果表明:该磷灰岩中主要磷矿物为磷灰石（23.57%）,主要脉石矿物为石英（26.32%）和钾长石（26.51%）,次要的脉石矿物为白云石（12.12%）和方解石（3.68%）;且磷灰石、石英、钾长石的嵌布粒度较粗,只有少量白云石和方解石以浸染的方式嵌布在胶磷矿内部;当矿石粒度度小于0.074 mm占57.71%时,磷灰石、石英和钾长石基本实现单体解离（解离度＞80%）;随后采用一粗一精浮选试验进行验证,发现在该磨矿粒度下,可获得91.84%的浮选回收率,且精矿中P₂O₅品位为35.77%。     

胶磷矿浮选技术的改进

胶磷矿浮选过程选择性差的根本原因,是由于矿物组分尤其镁离子的溶解,造成矿物表面性质相互转化和捕收剂皂盐在矿物表面无选择性沉积. 通过控制浮选条件和药剂制度,尽可能避免捕收剂和溶解组份在矿物表面无选择性吸附或沉积,是选择性调控胶磷矿浮选性质的重要手段. 此外,采用机柱联合浮选装置来改善胶磷矿的浮选分离环境,对提高其浮选效率也非常重要. 实验表明:对原矿含五氧化二磷22.16%、氧化镁3.15%、二氧化硅25.41%的湖北远安磷矿石,通过采取以上改进措施,采用简单的单一浮选工艺,可获得磷精矿五氧化二磷品位＞30%、回收率＞80%和氧化镁品位1%左右的分选指标     

Mechanism of separating pyrite and dolomite by flotation

To study the mechanism of separating pyrite and dolomite by flotation, the acting mechanisms of WHL depressor and both the minerals were studied by means of thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis （TG-DTA）, Fourier transform infrareddiffuse reflection spectroscopy （PTIR-DRS）, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. The results indicated that WHL formed metal salts with metal ions dissolved in water from dolomite and pyrite, which then deposited on their surfaces. Both of the minerals could be depressed by WHL. In the process of flotation, sulfur was created besides the WIlL being absorbed on the surface of the sulfur concentrate, and its recovery rate was slightly affected.     

Adsorption behavior and mechanism of copper ions in the sulfidization flotation of malachite

Malachite is one of the main minerals used for the industrial enrichment and recovery of copper oxide resources, and copper ions are unavoidable metal ions in the flotation pulp. The microflotation, contact angle, and adsorption experiments indicated that pretreatment with an appropriate concentration of copper ions could improve the malachite recovery, and the addition of excess copper ions reduced the hydrophobicity of the malachite surface. The results of zeta potential tests indicated that sodium sulfide and butyl xanthate were also adsorbed on the surface of malachite pretreated with copper ions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicated that —Cu—O and —Cu—OH bonds were formed on the surface of the samples. After pretreatment with an appropriate concentration of copper ions, the number of —OH groups on the mineral surface decreased, whereas the number of Cu—S groups on the mineral surface increased, which was conducive to the sulfidization of malachite. After adding a high concentration of copper ions, the —OH groups on the mineral surface increased, whereas the number of Cu—S groups decreased, which had an adverse effect on the sulfidization flotation of malachite. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry showed that pretreatment with copper ions resulted in a thicker sulfidization layer on the mineral surface.     

Flotation behavior and adsorption mechanism of fine wolframite with octyl hydroxamic acid

Flotation behavior and adsorption mechanism of octyl hydroxamic acid(OHA)on wolframite were investigated through flotation experiments,adsorption tests,zeta-potential measurements,infrared spectroscopy and solution chemistry calculations.Results of flotation and adsorption experiments show that the maximum values of flotation recovery and adsorption capacity occur around p H 9.In term of the solution chemistry calculations,the concentration of metal hydroxamate is greater than that of metal tungstate and metal hydroxyl,and metal hydroxamate compounds are identified to be the main species on wolframite surface at p H region of 8-10,contributing to the increase of OHA adsorption and flotation performance.Results of zeta-potential and IR spectra demonstrate that OHA adsorbs onto wolframite surface by chemisorptions.Hydroxamate ions can bond with Mn_2+/Fe_2+cations of wolframite surface,forming metal hydroxamate compounds,which is a key factor in inducing the hydrophobicity of wolframite under the conditions of maximum flotation.     

脂类捕收剂DLZ对黄铜矿和黄铁矿浮选的选择性作用

通过浮选实验、吸附量和红外光谱测定,考察了捕收剂DLZ对黄铜矿和黄铁矿浮选性能的影响及作用机理.结果表明:DLZ在pH=2.7～12.05时对黄铜矿的捕收能力强,最大回收率95.7%,而对黄铁矿的捕收能力弱,且PH=6.9～12.05时其回收率小于10%.用CaO作pH调整剂时,在pH=7～11时黄铜矿的回收率与用NaOH调PH相差不大,但黄铁矿可浮性被抑制,回收率低于5%.DLZ在黄铜矿上的吸附量比在黄铁矿上的大,特别是强碱条件下;其吸附量随用量的增加而增大.DLZ与矿物作用的红外光谱分析表明:黄铜矿与DLZ作用后出现了DLZ的相关特征吸收峰,而黄铁矿与DLZ以及Cu~(2+)作用前后的红外光谱曲线基本没有变化,可见DLZ在黄铜矿表面的吸附属于化学吸附,在黄铁矿表面的吸附属于物理吸附.     

酸对捕收剂在胶磷矿和白云石表面吸附的影响

浮选过程中抑制剂会使矿物表面亲水,还可能与捕收剂存在竞争吸附. 硫酸和磷酸是钙（镁）质磷矿石反浮选工艺常用的抑制剂. 通过单矿物和人工混合矿浮选试验及吸附量测定,研究了胶磷矿 - 白云石反浮选体系中,抑制剂硫酸或磷酸浓度对捕收剂 GJBW 在矿物表面吸附量的影响. 结果表明,酸浓度对矿物上浮率影响较大,但对捕收剂在胶磷矿和白云石表面吸附量影响均较小,说明该体系中抑制剂和捕收剂在矿物表面不是竞争吸附而是共同吸附,综合决定表面亲/疏水性,进而影响其上浮率. 于是建立了两者在矿物表面共同吸附的双电层模型,其中不溶油酸分子（HOl）作为主要捕收剂组分在白云石 - 水界面起主导作用使表面疏水,而胶磷矿酸溶释放出的或磷酸电离出的 H ₂ PO ₄ ^- 做为主要抑制组分在胶磷矿 - 水界面起主导作用使表面亲水.     

利用磷灰石实现硫化矿浮选废水回用的试验评价

出于环境的考虑，越来越多的选矿厂均利用回水以减轻废水对环境的冲击和对水资源的依赖．工业生产经验表明，回水使用量的增加会对浮选带来不利的影响，尤其是对复杂矿化矿的优先浮选．浮选选择性降低的主要原因是溶液中重金属离子对闪锌矿或黄铁矿的意外活化．本文应用微型浮选试验，吸附试验和表面测试研究了利用磷灰石来实现硫化矿浮选废水回用的可行性．试验表明，磷灰石可增强对闪锌矿的抑制而提高浮选的选择性．微型浮选和表面测试表明，磷灰石与闪锌矿竞争吸附溶液中的重金属，从而降低闪锌矿表面的重金属浓度．     

利用磷灰石实现硫化矿浮选废水回用的试验评价

出于环境的考虑,越来越多的选矿厂均利用回水以减轻废水对环境的冲击和对水资源的依赖.工业生产经验表明,回水使用量的增加会对浮选带来不利的影响,尤其是对复杂矿化矿的优先浮选.浮选选择性降低的主要原因是溶液中重金属离子对闪锌矿或黄铁矿的意外活化.本文应用微型浮选试验,吸附试验和表面测试研究了利用磷灰石来实现硫化矿浮选废水回用的可行性.试验表明,磷灰石可增强对闪锌矿的抑制而提高浮选的选择性.微型浮选和表面测试表明,磷灰石与闪锌矿竞争吸附溶液中的重金属, 从而降低闪锌矿表面的重金属浓度.     

Nanobubble generation and its applications in froth flotation(part Ⅱ):fundamental study and theoretical analysis

Froth flotation is a commonly employed technology to improve the quality of raw coal and minerals.Coal and minerals particle size and surface hydrophobicity are two main parameters that affect three key steps in froth flotation process:particle-bubble collision,adhesion,and detachment.This paper fundamentally investigated the effects of nanobubble on coal and phosphate flotation.It has been found that the presence of nanobubble in flotation pulp could widen the coal and phosphate flotation particle size range,increase the particle surface hydrophobicity,and thus improve the coal and phosphate froth flotation recovery.     

Nanobubble generation and its applications in froth flotation (part Ⅱ):fundamental study and theoretical analysis

Froth flotation is a commonly employed technology to improve the quality of raw coal and minerals. Coal and minerals particle size and surface hydrophobicity are two main parameters that affect three key steps in froth flotation process: particle-bubble collision, adhesion, and detachment. This paper fundamentally investigated the effects of nanobubble on coal and phosphate flotation. It has been found that the presence of nanobubble in flotation pulp could widen the coal and phosphate flotation particle size range, increase the particle surface hydrophobicity, and thus improve the coal and phosphate froth flotation recovery.     

胶磷矿不同磨矿细度单体解离度测定及其浮选应用

通过测定胶磷矿在不同磨矿细度下的单体解离度,来计算磷矿的理论最大回收率,进而通过比较实际回收率与理论最大回收率来判定浮选指标的优劣.利用偏光显微镜观测,采用过尺线测法,在磨矿细度-0.076mm含量分别占84.23%、88.71%、92.74%和95.16%的条件下,测定了磷块岩中有用矿物(胶磷矿)和脉石矿物(白云石、石英)的单体解离度.据此计算获得了对应磨矿细度下胶磷矿的理论最大回收率,分别为95.11%、95.71%、96.70%和96.72%.初步浮选试验显示磨矿细度在-0.076mm占88.71%时较为适宜,浮选脱镁率为88.76%,磷精矿实际回收率为87.54%.在此磨矿细度下,通过优化浮选工艺流程及药剂制度,浮选磷精矿实际回收率可达91.24%,精矿中磷酸盐矿物的回收率可达95.33%,说明通过测定胶磷矿的单体解离度来优化指标是可行的.     

胶磷矿柱式双反浮选工艺研究

针对我国西南地区难选硅-钙质胶磷矿,采用旋流-静态微泡浮选柱对其进行了柱式双反浮选工艺的研究.以硫酸和磷酸作为磷矿物抑制剂,脂肪酸类药剂PA-64作为碳酸盐矿物捕收剂,胺类药剂GE-601作为硅酸盐矿物捕收剂,考察了磨矿细度、药剂用量、循环泵工作压力等因素对浮选指标的影响.研究结果表明,采用旋流-静态微泡浮选柱双反浮选工艺,可以得到精矿P_2O_5品位30.49%,MgO含量0.73%,磷回收率81.03%的浮选指标,简化了胶磷矿浮选工艺流程.     

四种有机抑制剂对倍半氧化物的抑制性能

采用一粗一精正浮选工艺,研究了小分子有机酸（ST-1）、阴离子淀粉（AS）、萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物（NFSC）、羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）4种有机抑制剂对胶磷矿中类型为水云母、褐铁矿的倍半氧化物的抑制性能. 结果表明,NFSC用量为0.35 kg/t时,磷精矿品位达到31.36%,回收率在80.22%,倍半氧化物的质量分数降低到3.48%;CMC用量为0.20 kg/t时,磷精矿中倍半氧化物的质量分数可以降至3.20%,但磷精矿回收率仅为26.24%;当分别使用AS、ST-1作为抑制剂时,精矿中倍半氧化物的质量分数变化都不明显. 因此,NFSC在分离倍半氧化物脉石与磷矿物时抑制性能最好;CMC对倍半氧化物脉石有很强的抑制性,但选择性差;ST-1、AS作为抑制剂对倍伴氧化物的抑制作用较弱. 关键词:正浮选;倍半氧化物;有机抑制剂;抑制性能     

Effect of pyrite content of feed and configuration of locked particles on rougher flotation of copper in low and high pyritic ore types

Misreported pyrite into copper concentrates dramatically declines copper grade and recovery. Copper flotation can be also more complicated if flotation feed comes from an elevated-pyritic copper ore. In this investigation, the effect of two different ore types(high pyritic and low pyritic feeds) was studied on rougher stage of industrial copper flotation circuit. Samples were taken from different streams and the structure of chalcopyrite within the pyrite and non-sulfide gangue minerals was examined in various size fractions for mentioned ore types. Results indicated that 72% and 56% of the total floated pyrite was transferred to concentrate in first four cells in the low and high pyritic feeds, respectively. Whereas, this proportion for floated SiO_2 in last ten cells was detected as 72% and 71%, respectively. A detailed interpretation of the effect of locked particles in different size fractions on rougher flotation cells is studied from industrial point of view.     

磷矿浮选药剂研究进展

我国磷矿资源丰富,但大多为中低品位沉积型磷块岩,选别难度大. 浮选是磷矿选矿中最主要的分选方法,浮选药剂对浮选指标有着至关重要的影响. 浮选药剂按照所起作用不同分为调整剂、捕收剂、起泡剂三类. 结合近年文献资料分析,发现传统捕收剂存在溶解性差、选择性不强等缺点,提出利用不同药剂分子间协同作用及提高药剂的活性,采用复配及合成方法研发高效低毒、水溶性好、选择性强的抑制剂和捕收剂是实现我国难选性磷矿中与脉石矿物分离的有效途径.