固化剂对水性汽车罩光清漆固化膜性能的影响

合成了水性丙烯酸树脂并用其配制了汽车罩光清漆,通过FT-IR、DSC,TG和SEM分析研究了不同固化剂、固化剂用量对漆膜性能的影响。结果表明,Luwipal066作为固化剂,固化剂/树脂质量比为40/100,固化温度及时间分别为140℃和30min时,固化漆膜性能最好,光泽度达到98/60°,冲击强度为50kg·cm,硬度为2H,附着力为0级,耐溶剂、耐紫外老化性能良好,指标达到汽车罩光漆膜的要求。漆膜固化后表征羟基和甲氧基的吸收峰强度显著变弱,表明氨基树脂和丙烯酸树脂发生了交联固化。随着硬/软单体配比和固化剂/树脂配比的增加,固化漆膜的Tg升高,具有良好的热稳定性。     

预油漆纸用水性氨基-丙烯酸涂料的制备与性能研究

用水性丙烯酸乳液为主要成膜物质,氨基树脂为固化剂,制备了性能优良的预油漆纸用水性涂料,研究了配方中氨基树脂及丙烯酸类型、氨基/丙烯酸质量比以及烘烤温度对涂料固化性能的影响。固化后漆膜的耐干热性能、耐湿热性能、硬度、附着力及耐液性能均达到标准要求。红外光谱表征了漆膜固化前后分子结构及其变化,DSC研究了该水性涂料发生固化反应的温度范围。     

水性抗迁移聚酯分散体氨基烤漆的制备及性能研究

为解决现用水溶性聚酯氨基转印清漆抗迁移性差、有机挥发物（ VOC）含量高的问题,本文以低酸值（ 10~20 mgKOH/g）水性聚酯分散体、氨基树脂为主要成膜物制备了一种水性抗迁移聚酯分散体氨基烤漆,研究了不同水性聚酯分散体与氨基树脂质量比、酸催化剂、消光剂对漆膜抗迁移性等性能的影响,结果表明：当水性聚酯分散体与氨基树脂固体质量比为 4∶1,固化温度为 130 ℃/20 min时,漆膜抗迁移性最佳,能达到 600 d以上;人工加速老化 500 h,色差为 0. 8;漆膜耐盐雾 500 h,划叉单侧腐蚀 <2 mm;附着力达到 1级,不挥发物含量符合要求,漆膜可替代现用水溶性聚酯氨基烤漆。     

水性丙烯酸酯汽车涂料制备及其漆膜性能研究

合成了水性丙烯酸树脂并用其配制了汽车罩光清漆,研究了硬/软单体配比、丙烯酸单体的用量、芳香酯单体的用量、氨基树脂固化剂/丙烯酸树脂的配比及固化条件对漆膜性能的影响。结果发现,硬/软单体配比为39/35,丙烯酸质量分数为6%,甲基丙烯酸苄酯(BNMA)质量分数为12%,固化剂/树脂配比为40/100,固化温度及时间分别为140℃和30 min时,固化漆膜具有优良的综合性能,其光泽度达到98(60°),冲击强度为0.50 kJ/m,硬度为2H,附着力为0级,耐溶剂、耐紫外老化性能良好。FT-IR分析显示氨基树脂/丙烯酸树脂漆膜固化后表征羟基和甲氧基的吸收峰强度显著变弱,表明氨基树脂和丙烯酸树脂发生了交联固化。     

两步法制备高性能水性树脂及其在烘烤型水性涂料中的应用

结合溶液聚合和乳液聚合的优点,采用两步聚合法合成了一种水性羟基丙烯酸树脂,所制备的水性树脂外观良好,黏度适中。动态光散射结果表明所合成的水性乳液平均粒径为122 nm,粒径分布均匀。利用傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)对合成水性树脂的结构进行表征,结果表明得到了预定结构的产物。差示扫描量热仪(DSC)表明两步聚合的产物的玻璃化温度均为30℃左右,与实验设计相符合。利用所合成的水性羟基丙烯酸树脂与氨基树脂R-717配制烘烤型水性清漆,FT-IR谱图验证了固化反应的发生。固化后的水性清漆性能测试结果表明,漆膜光泽高、硬度高、附着力好,耐冲击性能优异,耐水性和耐乙醇性较好,与国外同类产品制得的清漆性能相当,可应用于车架、机械零部件及卷尺等工业防腐装饰领域。     

高性能水性烤漆的制备及其性能研究

采用水分散型丙烯酸改性聚酯搭配水溶性氨基树脂作为成膜基料,添加水性金属颜料、各种水性涂料添加剂等复合配制成烘烤型高性能水性涂料。讨论了固化温度、树脂比例、氨基树脂、催化剂等对漆膜性能的影响,并最终筛选出各方面性能都得到优化的水性烤漆配方体系。此体系不仅兼顾了树脂和助剂的种类及金属颜、填料的定向排列,而且保证了漆膜有着优异的性能,湿膜在160℃×10 min的干燥条件下即可超越大部分溶剂型聚酯烤漆性能,同时,对于色漆体系,可以直接用水性无树脂色浆调色。     

溶剂及施工工艺对3C1B水性面漆外观影响研究

水性 3C1B（三涂一烘）工艺是以湿碰湿的方式喷涂水性中涂、水性面漆和清漆,并一次性烘干的工艺,可以显著降低能源损耗,提高生产效率。涂层外观是评价涂料质量和涂装效果的重要指标之一,而湿碰湿工艺的这种特殊的施工方式对涂层的外观表现更为敏感。本文以水性白实色涂料为例,从中涂、面漆的材料配方及施工工艺等方面对水性 3C1B汽车涂料的外观改进进行了研究,并识别出了关键影响因素,结果表明：水性面漆对漆膜整体外观的影响大于中涂;配方的干湿及喷涂雾化后的干湿对漆膜流平、流挂等影响较大,进而会影响漆膜的外观表现。     

水性饱和聚酯树脂的研制及其在汽车中涂漆中的应用

介绍了一种应用于车辆涂装中的水性饱和聚酯树脂的配方、生产工艺,及与水性氨基树脂复配涂料的制备工艺,讨论了涂料制备过程中氨基交联剂和各种助剂的选择及比例对漆膜性能的影响。结果表明:该水性饱和聚酯所制备涂料的物理化学性能优异,符合车身涂装工艺技术要求,应用前景广阔。     

水性环氧树脂防腐清漆的制备与性能

以自制非离子水性环氧固化剂与环氧树脂混合制备水性环氧树脂防腐清漆,探讨了封端剂种类、水性环氧固化剂与环氧树脂配比、固化温度对漆膜性能的影响,结果表明最佳封端剂为苯基缩水甘油醚(PEG);最佳水性环氧固化剂与环氧树脂配比为环氧/胺氢当量比为1.1;漆膜室温下即可固化,防腐性能优秀。     

一种高低能量交互固化水性UV木器哑光清面漆的研制

介绍以水性UV聚氨酯分散体作为成膜物质制备水性UV木器哑光清漆,研究引发剂、润湿剂、哑粉、成膜助剂等对漆膜的性能影响,筛选出合适的树脂、引发剂、助剂进行合理搭配,并通过添加不同光源引发剂的办法制备出高低能量交互固化的水性UV木器哑光清漆。     

水性丙烯酸铝粉浸涂漆

以非水溶性氨基树脂为接枝聚合母体，先将其用水溶性有机溶剂配成稀溶液，然后加入丙烯酸单体及苯乙烯混合物进行接枝聚合，所得的树脂中加入特种铝粉及各种助剂，配制成水性铝粉浸涂漆。讨论了氨基树脂类型、引发剂、助剂等对漆膜性能的影响，并介绍了施工注意事项。     

Impact of curing condition on pH and alkalinity/acidity of structural wood adhesives

Nine formulations were selected for evaluating the effect of different curing methods on pH and alkalinity or acidity of various structural wood adhesives. These included four phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resins with high pH, one phenol–resorcinol–formaldehyde (PRF) resin with intermediate pH, two melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF) resins, and two melamine–formaldehyde (MF) resins with low pH. The four curing methods used in the study were: (1) curing at 102–105°C for 1 h (based on CSA O112.6‐1977), (2) four‐hour curing at 66°C followed by 1‐hour curing at 150°C (based on ASTM D1583‐01), (3) curing at room temperature overnight (based on ASTM D 1583‐01), and (4) cured adhesive squeezed out from glue lines of bonded shear block samples. The effect of the different methods on pH and alkalinity/acidity of the cured adhesive depended strongly on the individual adhesives. For the PF, the alkalinity was different for the different formulations in the liquid form, while in the cured form, the difference in the alkalinity depended on the curing method used. The MF and the MUF were the adhesives most affected by the method used. In particular, the MUF showed much higher cured film pH values when cured by method 2 compared to the other three methods, while both the cured MF and MUF exhibited quite variable acidity values when cured with the different methods. The PRF showed reasonably uniform cured film pH but varying acidity values when cured with the different methods. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Preparation and curing of alkyd based on ricinoleic acid/melamine coatings

Three alkyd resins of high hydroxyl numbers based on ricinoleic acid, phthalic anhydride and glycerin, trimethylolpropane or ethoxylated pentaerythritol as polyol were prepared. Afterwards synthesized alkyds were made into baking enamels by blending with commercial melamine-formaldehyde resins (weight ratio of 70:30 based on dried mass). Alkyd/melamine resin mixtures were cured in a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) under non-isothermal mode. Apparent degree of curing as a function of temperature was calculated from the curing enthalpies. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to identify characteristic peaks of resin mixtures before and after being cured. The gel content, hardness, elasticity and impact resistance of coated film cured at 150 °C for 60 min were measured. The onset of film thermal degradation, determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was observed at the temperatures from 281 to 330 °C. Based on the results obtained we suppose that the combinations of synthesized alkyds based on ricinoleic acid with used melamine resins could be employed as the compositions for the preparation of baking enamels.     

多巯基水性EP低温固化剂的制备及性能研究

首先制备了PUD-SH[多巯基封端的PU(聚氨酯)水分散体]和水性EP(环氧树脂),然后将两者按n(巯基)∶n(环氧基)=1∶1复合,并在不同温度时成膜,制得厚度约100μm的复合固化涂层。研究结果表明:PUD-SH和水性EP之间发生了环氧基开环反应,固化后复合涂层透明柔韧,其凝胶量接近100%,涂层的吸水率<17.50%,硬度>6H,耐甲乙酮擦拭次数>1 600次;固化时叔胺促进剂的存在可有效提高复合固化涂层的固化度,缩短其固化时间,但对其他性能影响甚微。     

丙氨酸与苯丙氨酸复合改性的水性环氧树脂制备及性能研究

以相对分子质量低的环氧树脂E－51为原料,丙氨酸（Ala）与苯丙氨酸（Pha）为复合改性剂,制备出稳定的水性环氧树脂,采用红外光谱（FT-IR）、化学滴定等方法对产物进行了表征和分析,优选了综合性能优良的固化剂与制备的水性环氧树脂固化成膜,同时对涂膜性能进行测试。结果表明：适宜的反应温度为90℃,反应时间为100min;当复合改性剂n（Alal：n（Pha）=2：3时,此时制备的水性环氧树脂,与汉中H228Z水性环氧固化剂固化所形成的涂膜具有最优的综合性能,涂膜附着力1级,柔韧性1mm,耐冲击性40cm,铅笔硬度5H,耐酸性（5％Hcl）24h,耐碱性（5％NaOH）72h。     

中醚化三聚氰胺树脂的合成及其在丙烯酸环氧树脂中的应用

采用两步法合成了用于涂料交联剂的甲醚化三聚氰胺树脂，考察了温度、时间、催化剂等因素对交联剂中不同组分含量的影响，确定了最佳的合成条件。用红外光谱分析了产品的主要基团，验证了两步的反应机理，并将合成的中醚化三聚氰胺树脂与实验室自制的丙烯酸改性环氧树脂复配，考察了涂膜固化条件。结果表明，合成的交联剂贮存性能良好，醚化三聚氰胺树脂作为交联剂加入到丙烯酸环氧树脂中，可以明显降低固化温度且改善原有涂膜的脆性，成膜性能好，尤其是具有优良的附着力、柔韧性和耐化学品性。     

有机硅改性水性环氧固化剂的合成及表征

A novel waterborne epoxy curing agent was prepared using 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane （GPTMS） as a termination agent of adduct, which was synthesized by triethylene tetramine （TETA） and liquid epoxy resin （E-51）. The effects of the reaction temperature and time on the synthesis process were investigated experimentally. The particle size and the distribution of water dispersion of the curing agent were measured by dynamic light scattering（DLS）. The structure of the products was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spec-trometer （FTIR） and ^1H-nuclear magnetic resonance （^1H NMR）. The properties of the synthesized curing agent and the epoxy resin film cured by it were also measured. The results showed that the appropriate temperature for the synthesis of adduct was at 65-75℃ and the reaction time was 4-5h, and that the suitable reaction temperature of curing agent synthesis was 75-85℃ and the reaction time was 3-4h. When the mass ratios of GPTMS and acetic acid were 3%-5% and 5%-10% respectively, the hardness, water resistance and adhesion of the cured film were improved significantly.     

双组分水性聚氨酯涂料的制备与性能测试

选用水性羟基丙烯酸分散体为成膜物质,水可分散型异氰酸酯（HDI三聚体）为固化剂,以钛白粉为颜料,搭配合适的助剂,制备了干燥快、光泽高、耐候性优异及低成本的双组分水性聚氨酯涂料。考察了颜基比、固化剂的量对涂膜性能的影响,通过涂料体系颜料体积浓度的计算,推导出PVC的倒数与P/B的倒数呈一次线性函数关系。     

Melamine salts as hardeners for urea formaldehyde resins

Various salts derived from melamine and organic acids were prepared and used as melamine substitutes for melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) resins. The synthesis of these melamine salts and a detailed characterization of their stoichiometry are described. All salts form 1 : 1 or 1 : 2 stoichiometries in a homogeneous reaction. They crystallize during cooling of the hot and diluted reaction mixture. Both ¹³C–NMR and ¹⁵N–NMR data are reported and point toward the formation of real ionic structures. Most salts have higher water solubility than that of pure melamine and are tested for their ability to substitute melamine in MUF resins. The mechanical and chemical properties of plywood panels made up of traditional MUF resins and mixtures of UF resins with melamine salts are investigated. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 1654–1661, 2001