不同工艺对抑菌洗手液杀菌活性效果的影响

目的:验证采用传统工艺制备的抑菌洗手液和采用预先配制水杨酸增溶缓释液制备的抑菌洗手液杀菌效果的区别。方法:根据出口国法规要求按EN1276—2019的定量悬浮试验评价杀菌活性的方法进行测试。结果:显示采用预先配制水杨酸增溶缓释液的抑菌洗手液可达到杀灭对数值≥3的效果,而采用传统工艺制备的抑菌洗手液达不到杀灭对数值≥3。同时两个工艺制备的抑菌洗手液在不同测试条件下,1 min杀灭对数值均能达到≥3,杀菌剂的含量均稳定在0.31%～0.34%标准范围内。结论:采用预先配制水杨酸增溶缓释液的抑菌洗手液杀灭对数值和稳定性测试均能符合标准要求。     

金银花叶的抑菌活性和抗氧化性研究

采用滤纸片法和D值计算法研究了金银花叶中天然抗菌物质的体外抑菌活性,采用分光光度法测定了其抗羟自由基的氧化活性。抑菌实验结果表明,金银花叶的乙醇提取物抗菌谱较广;乙醇提取物水溶液的乙酸乙酯萃取物抑菌效果最为显著,测得其对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为0．38％和0．50％。抗氧化实验结果表明,金银花叶乙醇提取物具有一定的抗羟自由基氧化活性,其乙酸乙酯萃取物在1mg／mL的低浓度下就显示出了较好的效果。     

艾草抗菌纤维的抑菌活性及其在面膜中的应用

通过测试一种艾草抗菌纤维及其和多种抑菌成分复配使用对细菌、酵母菌和霉菌的抑制效果,为艾草抗菌纤维在面膜中的应用提供科学依据。测试结果表明：艾草抗菌纤维对不同抑菌成分的抑菌性能存在促进或拮抗作用。其中,艾草抗菌纤维与对羟基苯乙酮复配抑菌效果最佳,与质量分数0.1%对羟基苯乙酮、辛酰羟肟酸和覆盆子酮复配,均能较好满足面膜的防腐需求。     

马齿苋抑菌洗手液的制备研究

制备具有抑菌作用且绿色环保无污染、对皮肤刺激性小的洗手液。本实验采用马齿苋水提取物作为天然抑菌成分制备抑菌洗手液,并考察羟乙基纤维素的浓度对粘度的影响,马齿苋洗手液与市售洗手液起泡性能的比较,马齿苋洗手液皮肤刺激性和马齿苋水提物添加对抑菌效果的影响。本实验制备的洗手液粘度适中,起泡性好,去污力强,皮肤刺激性小,且具有抑菌作用,是一种环境友好型且具有良好发展前景的绿色洗手液。     

也黄中活性成分的提取及抑菌实验研究

利用4种不同极性溶剂（石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇）浸泡地黄,对地黄不同极性段成分进行提取,得到不同极性段成分的各种浸膏。通过硅胶柱层析对浸膏进行分离浓缩,用纸碟法研究其不同极性段成分的抗菌活性,实验结果表明,氯仿浸膏60％石油醚一40％氯仿洗脱液、20％石油醚一80％氯仿洗脱液,乙酸乙酯浸膏,正丁醇浸膏等对大肠杆菌、金色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌等有较好的抑菌活性。     

箬叶黄酮抑菌洗手液的研制

本文以箬叶为原料提取制备黄酮浸膏,添加洗手液相关试剂后制成环保、无污染、抑菌的洗手液。正交实验结果表明洗手液的最佳配方为:脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠8.56g,α-烯基磺酸盐17.14m L,椰油烷基酰胺基丙基甜菜碱5.12m L,十二烷基苯磺酸钠4.44g,氯化钠2g,甘油2m L,黄酮浸膏0.05g,适量柠檬酸调节p H至7.0~8.0,蒸馏水76m L。抑菌效果对比试验表明,箬叶黄酮洗手液对大肠杆菌的抑菌圈大小为12.5mm,优于市售的洗手液A、B的抑菌效果,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈大小为10.2mm,与市售的洗手液A、B的抑菌效果类似。     

红豆杉抑菌免洗洗手液的研制及性能评估

目的:研发红豆杉免洗洗手液,探索最佳配方及评估抑菌效果。方法:采用正交实验,以整体均一性、流动性和挥发速度作为考察指标,采用综合平衡法极差分析优选最佳配方,并采用滤纸片法和菌落计数法进行抑菌性能测定。结果:最佳配方为红豆杉纯露用量54%、乙醇用量42%、甘油用量2%、卡波姆940用量0.6%、吐温80用量1%;此红豆杉免洗洗手液不分层,发泡能力为188 mm,p H值为7.0,pH稳定,且对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌有明显抑制作用,但不能抑制白色念珠菌,用于环境微生物杀菌时,对细菌的抑制效力近似于75%酒精,且杀菌效力能维持一段时间。结论:红豆杉免洗洗手液是一款性能稳定、温和、保湿效果良好、对皮肤刺激性较少、肤感较好,具有明显的抑菌能力的免洗洗手液。     

3种市售洗手液的抑菌效果研究

本实验以市售3种常见洗手液作为研究对象,采用抑菌圈法研究了3种常见品牌洗手液的抑菌效果。结果表明,3种洗手液对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑菌圈产生,其中蓝月亮的效果最好,优颂次之,威露士最差。     

抑菌型洗手液的配方筛选及其样品评价

以绿色表面活性剂烷基糖苷APG-1214和其他低刺激的表面活性剂为主要原料,添加新型季铵盐表面活性剂并辅以其他助剂,通过模糊综合评价法对几种抑菌型洗手液配方的综合感官质量进行筛选并对筛选出的洗手液样品进行稳定性实验、抑菌实验和皮肤刺激性实验。研究结果表明,筛选的抑菌型洗手液配方样品综合感官质量优异,其他指标亦达到指定要求。     

不同洗手液抑菌效果和对湖水生化成分的影响研究

以市售(网购) 5种常见的普通洗手液和3种免洗洗手液作为研究对象,研究其抑菌效果及对湖水富营养化的影响。结果表明:普通洗手液抑菌效果一般,免洗洗手液的抑菌效果都极显著(P 0.01),能有效抑制手部细菌。经过洗手液处理后的湖水,48 h叶绿素a含量均降低,在一定程度上抑制了藻类繁殖;氨氮含量不同程度增加,其中"滴露免洗"、"威露士"和"卫宝"极显著升高(P 0.01);总磷含量有的下降、有的升高,其中舒肤佳、健之素免洗、滴露免洗和5%蓝月亮均下降,而"六神"和"卫宝"两种洗手液极显著升高(P 0.01)。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。