含油废水气浮技术的应用现状及展望

介绍应用于含油废水的几种气浮技术,分析了影响气浮效果的主要因素,并对气浮在含油废水处理中的应用进行了展望。     

气浮法处理玻璃厂含油废水

玻璃厂传统的含油废水处理工艺难以达国家规定的排放标准，本文提出了改进工艺，增加气浮设施，使经过处理的排放废水含油达到１ｍｇ／Ｌ，不但低于国家标准还能达到近海养殖的要求。     

含油废水气浮旋流组合处理技术浅析

随着对含油废水处理要求的不断提高,有必要在现有各种单一处理技术的基础上开发组合处理技术,气浮旋流组合处理技术近些年来在国内外得到了关注.作者对现有各种气浮旋流组合技术的特点进行了详细分析,将其分为充气水力旋流器、气浮与常规液一液分离用水力旋流器单体组合、气浮与低强度旋流离心力场组合3种类型.鉴于第3种类型已有成功工业化应用的产品.因此应该成为国内的研究方向.     

气浮工艺在高浓含油废水处理中的应用

通过对含油废水特性及气浮处理工艺特性的研究,说明气浮工艺在高浓含油废水处理中的可行性及优越性,并以具体实践工程为例验证其实用性。     

立式微旋流气浮除油装置实验研究

针对目前含油污水处理量多、处理难度大且单一传统处理方式不达标的问题,采用气浮-旋流耦合处理技术,设计开发了一种新型的多管式微旋流气浮除油装置,并通过射流器与分布盘的组合优化微气泡发生过程,利用射流气浮技术进行除油实验,研究了各参数对气浮装置除油效果的影响规律.实验结果表明:多管式微旋流气浮装置对含油污水有较好的处理效果...     

气浮含油污水处理工艺影响因素研究

结合实现气浮分离的三个必要条件,并通过对大量气浮实验进行研究,根据有关实验结果,对气浮处理含油污水的影响因素进行分析。指出气浮工艺操作参数的适用范围,为具体应用实验研究提供参考。     

气浮除油实验装置设计与影响因素

为提供一种耗能小,可靠性好、除油效率高、操作简便的气浮除油实验装置,对当前含油污水处理方法与工艺进行了广泛的调研,对比了各种气浮法的优缺点,采用直接成泡技术,自行设计研制了室内气浮实验装置,并对该装置处理低浓度含油污水的性能及除油效率的影响因素进行了深入的实验研究。研究表明:在清水剂500 mg/L,气浮时间20 min,进气流量1.5 L/min,微孔孔径20μm的条件下,除油效率最高。研制的直接成泡浮选装置简单易行,既适合用于室内实验使用,也有良好的工业应用前景。     

煤化工综合废水处理工艺的设计与运行

介绍了煤化工含油综合废水的典型处理工艺。将含油废水单独经隔油、气浮处理,再与其他废水合并进入调节池,采用常规的水解、深层曝气好氧、沉淀和澄清主工艺处理,处理规模为300 m~3/h;含油污泥与生化污泥分别离心脱水处理外运。工程实际运行结果表明,COD和氨氮等各项污染指标完全达到设计出水标准,系统处理效率高、维护管理方便;出水水质稳定。该废水处理工艺在煤化工综合废水处理中具有参考意义。     

含油废水处理技术的研究进展

根据油类物质在水中的存在形式及特征,介绍了含油废水的各种处理方法,如气浮、絮凝、吸附等,同时指出各种方法的优势和存在的问题,并介绍了最新的发展状况,提出对含油废水处理的一些建议和展望.     

高原地区含油废水处理系统改造工程

介绍了青海某高原地区炼油厂含油废水处理系统的改造工程。通过对隔油一气浮一生物接触氧化工艺的改进,解决了上游装置污水严重超标排放现象,同时采用改造隔油和生化系统、改建和完善气浮系统,使生产中产生的工业废水,经过处理后,主要污染物的去除率均能达到90％以上,达到了《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）中的一级排放标准,为含油废水处理提供了一种新思路。     

环流浮选塔用于含油污水处理的实验研究

以空气/含柴油污水为模拟介质体系,在环流浮选塔(外筒体内径100 mm,高932 mm;导流筒内径59 mm,高780 mm)上考察了操作气速、液相流量及浮选塔上部空间填料设置对油-水分离效率的影响. 结果表明,分离效率随操作气速增大先增后降,随液体流量增大而降低;与传统空筒式浮选塔相比,环流浮选塔的分离效率比常规空筒式浮选塔有显著提高. 实验确定的最佳操作气速为0.015~0.02 m/s,最佳液相流量为20 L/h,在环流浮选塔上部设置填料的情况下,油-水分离效率最高可达57.3%. 基于实验数据建立了涉及气泡特性、液相物性、气液相流量及油滴返混影响因素在内的分离效率的经验模型,与实验值吻合较好.     

含油废水气浮处理药剂的应用与研究进展

综述了国内外石油和石化行业含油污水气浮处理药剂的作用机理,种类以及使用性能的近期研究与应用进展,与无机浮选药剂相经,级机浮选药剂具有产生的浮渣量少,效率高等优点,其研究,开发与应用在我国还应得到进一步重视,一些阳离子型共聚物单体的规模化生产问题还有待解决,未来水处理浮选药剂应向多功能,高效,广谱方向发展。     

Removal of motor oil by continuous multistage froth flotation: Effect of operational parameters

A continuous multistage froth flotation column was employed to remove motor oil from water at a low concentration (500 mg/L) using an extended surfactant – branched alcohol propoxylate sulphate sodium salt (C_14-15–8PO–SO₄–Na) – as a frother. The highest separation efficiency (97% motor oil removal with the enrichment ratio of 16 for motor oil) was obtained at a foam height of 60 cm, an air flow rate of 40 L/min, a feed flow rate of 60 mL/min, a surfactant concentration of 0.3% (w/v), and an NaCl concentration of 1.5% (w/v). The process performance increased with increasing tray number but beyond 4 trays, the system could only offer lower concentrations of motor oil and surfactant in the effluent.     

Studies on degradation of triphenylmethane dye crystal violet by electro-flotation device

Electrolysis technology is very effective in removing organic pollutants including dye wastewater and takes into account environmental friendliness. This paper deals with the electrochemical degradation of triphenylmethane dye crystal violet (DCV) from the aqueous solution using 304 stainless steel electrodes. The electrolytic cell device with a flotation column structure was set up and the electrolytic degradation process was studied. It could be found that the DCV removal efficiency and reaction rate constants were fitting the first-order kinetic model. The process performance was analyzed in terms of degradation efficiency and energy consumption. Almost complete degradation (>98%) of 100 mg/L DCV was achieved after the 40 min reaction under the conditions of 300 mg/L NaCl dosage, nature pH (5–7), and 10 V applied voltage. Finally, the behaviours of degradation were studied. In the process of electrochemical degradation, the synergistic effects of electrode electrolysis, including indirect oxidation of electrolyte, hydroxyl radical, flocculation, and air flotation, removed the dye pollutants from the wastewater. The present study has proved the effectiveness and cleanness of electrochemical treatment for the triphenylmethane dye solution.     

Hydrodynamic and Mass Transfer Performances of a New SiC Foam Column Tray

The hydrodynamic performance of a novel SiC foam column tray (SFCT), made of thin slices of SiC foam material with a high specific surface area, is investigated. The performance parameters include pressure drop, entrainment, weeping, and clear liquid height. The tests are carried out with an air‐water system under atmospheric pressure. The mass transfer efficiency of the new SiC foam column tray is studied in a stainless‐steel plate column. The results provide some important parameters for the development of this innovative SiC foam tray.     

浅层气浮及其在水处理中的应用

比较了传统气浮和浅层气浮的优、缺点,结合吉林某化纤集团的污水处理工程,研究了浅层气浮对腈纶废水的处理效果。结果表明,腈纶废水预处理中,浅层气浮机对CODCr的平均去除率达到11.3%以上,而传统矩形池气浮机仅为5.6%左右,不到浅层气浮机的一半,说明浅层气浮处理腈纶废水性能优越。     

大处理量紧凑型气浮装置的数值模拟

目前鲜有关于大处理量气浮装置结构设计研究方面的报道,气浮装置国产化研究进程缓慢。为了解决这 一问题,本文以自主研发的处理量为120m³/h 紧凑型气浮装置为计算模型,采用Eulerian 模型和RNG k-ε 湍流模 型,运用Fluent 对其三维流场进行了数值模拟研究。分别研究了内筒高度、半径间隙及入口管径等结构参数和 含油量、处理量等操作参数的影响,以便考察和优化气浮装置的分离性能。结构参数影响的数值模拟结果表明: 随着半径间隙的减小,除油率先增大后减小;随着入口管径的减小,除油率先减小后增大;改变内筒高度对除 油率的影响较小。操作参数影响的数值模拟结果表明,装置的操作弹性相对较大,对水质水量一定程度的波动 具有良好的适应性。     

隔油+气浮+过滤+吸附工艺处理机械工业含油废水

采用"隔油+气浮+过滤+吸附"工艺处理机械工业含油废水.处理效率高.运行成本低.运行结果表明,采用该工艺处理后废水COD、石油类的去除率分别为81%和99%,处理后出水回用于冲刷地面、洗车、绿化、景观用水,同时浮油回收利用,创造了显著的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益.     

MASS高效气浮处理焦化废水的试验研究

采用小型工业试验,以聚合硫酸铝和非离子聚丙烯酰胺为絮凝剂,研究了MASS高效气浮对焦化废水的处理效能,考察了PAM加药位置、pH、体积回流比及絮凝剂浓度对絮凝气浮效率的影响,探讨了最大处理效率与进水水质的关系.结果表明,不加絮凝剂时气浮效果不理想,加入絮凝剂后气浮效率明显提高;PAM加药口应设在废水和溶气水混合之前,而不应设在混合之后;在焦化废水pH波动范围内气浮效率变化不大.当废水温度为(50±2)℃时,焦化废水经MASS高效气浮处理后除油率达35％～70％,COD去除率达5％～25％,油含量从30～140 mg·L-1降至20～40 mg· L-1,COD降至3 800 mg· L-1以下,该出水的油含量和COD均能满足生化进水的要求.综合来看,MASS高效气浮在焦化废水预处理中具有一定的应用潜力和可行性.     

计算传质法预测精馏塔效率(英文)

A computational mass transfer model is proposed for predicting the concentration profile and Murphree efficiency of sieve tray distillation column. The proposed model is based on using modified two equations formulation for closing the differential turbulent mass transfer equation with improvement by considering the vapor injected from the sieve hole to be three dimensional. The predicted concentration distributions by using proposed model were checked by experimental work conducted on a sieve tray simulator of 1.2 meters in diameter for de-sorbing the dissolved oxygen in the feed water by blowing air. The model predictions were confirmed by the ex-perimental measurement. The validation of the proposed model was further tested by comparing the simulated re-sult with the performance of an industrial scale sieve tray distillation column reported by Kunesh et al. for the strip-ping of toluene from its water solution. The predicted outlet concentration of each tray and the Murphree tray effi-ciencies under different operating conditions were in agreement with the published data. The simulated turbulent mass transfer diffusivity on each tray was within the range of the experimental result in the same sieve column re-ported by Cai et al. In addition, the prediction of the influence of sieve tray structure on the tray efficiency by using the proposed model was demonstrated.