热处理对聚芳醚腈/改性石墨复合材料性能的影响

采用邻苯二甲腈预聚物物理包覆的方法改性纳米石墨薄片,熔融挤出制备了聚芳醚腈(PEN)/纳米石墨薄片复合材料。研究了纳米石墨对PEN的增强作用,并重点研究了热处理对复合材料力学性能和热性能的影响。结果表明,纳米石墨薄片对PEN有很好的增强作用,其质量分数为10%时,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度分别提高了10%和25%。从SEM分析可以看出,邻苯二甲腈预聚物(PNP)改性的纳米石墨薄片均匀地分散在PEN基体中,并且增强了与PEN的界面作用力。PEN/纳米石墨薄片复合材料在290℃热处理2h,其弯曲强度提高40%,玻璃化转变温度提高了13℃,初始分解温度提高了近15℃。从红外图谱可以反映出,复合材料热处理后力学性能和热性能的提高是因为PNP和PEN之间发生了一定程度的交联反应,这种交联反应使PEN与纳米石墨薄片的界面作用力大大增强。     

玻纤/石墨/聚芳醚腈复合材料的制备与性能

以聚芳醚腈(PEN)为基体,采用双螺杆挤出机熔融共混制备了玻纤、石墨复合材料,重点研究了两种不同形貌的增强填料对PEN树脂的协同增强作用。测试了不同样品的拉伸、弯曲和冲击等力学性能,利用扫描电镜对拉伸断面进行形貌分析,并对样品进行了TGA测试和流变性能测试。结果表明,大量玻纤以棒状存在于PEN树脂当中,构成骨架结构,使得PEN树脂力学性能大幅度提高,石墨以片层形状存在于PEN树脂与玻纤之间,进一步增强了PEN树脂基体的连接作用,从而使得复合材料力学性能进一步提高;石墨在提高PEN树脂强度的同时能够提高PEN树脂的热稳定性;在相同频率下,PEN基复合材料的储能模量和耗能模量均随玻纤和石墨填料含量增加而提高,低含量的石墨填入对体系的模量和黏度影响较小。     

聚芳醚腈改性双邻苯二甲腈树脂及其玻纤复合材料制备

采用聚芳醚腈(PEN)对双邻苯二甲腈树脂(BPH)进行改性,并采用熔融共混粉末法制备PEN/BPH/玻纤复合材料。研究了PEN/BPH树脂体系的反应特性和流变行为,对PEN/BPH/玻纤复合材料的力学性能以及耐热性进行了表征。结果表明:随着PEN用量的增加,PEN/BPH树脂体系的固化反应速率有所提升,而且PEN的引入没有引起BPH耐热性的降低;当PEN的质量分数为10%时,复合材料的力学性能得到了有效的提升。     

热处理对聚芳醚腈/玻璃纤维复合材料性能的影响

选用邻苯二甲腈预聚物(PNP)作为聚芳醚腈(PEN)的增塑剂,通过熔融共混的方法制备了PEN玻/璃纤维(GF)复合材料。利用旋转流变仪研究了PNP对PEN的增塑作用,并重点研究了热处理对含PNP的PEN/GF复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,PNP对PEN具有很好的增塑效果,其质量分数达到8%时能够大幅度提高PEN的加工流动性。PEN/GF复合材料经200℃热处理72 h后,其拉伸强度约提高20%,从差示扫描量热和流变测试反映出这主要是因为热处理使得PNP与PEN和GF之间发生了一定程度的交联反应,这种交联反应使树脂基体与GF的界面作用力大大增强。     

聚芳醚腈合金的制备及性能研究

将2类聚芳醚腈（PEN）共聚物PEN（HQ／RS）和PEN（HQ／PP），按不同质量比通过熔融共混制备PEN合金材料，测试其相容性、力学性能和热性能，发现聚合物合金在PEN（HQ／RS）质量分数分别为20％和80％时相容性良好，PEN（HQ／RS）的加入改善了PEN（HQ／PP）的加工性能，实验中不同质量比的合金均具有优良的力学性能和热性能。     

PA6/CF/EG导电复合材料的制备与性能

采用熔融共混法制备了不同碳纤维/热膨胀石墨(CF/EG)比例的尼龙6/碳纤维/热膨胀石墨(PA6/CF/EG)导电复合材料并研究其性能。结果表明,CF的加入能显著提高复合材料的力学性能;而随着EG含量的提高,复合材料的导电性能和导热性能显著提高,但力学性能在一定程度上得到降低。当CF质量分数为20%时,复合材料具有最优的力学性能,当EG质量分数为20%时,复合材料体积电导率可显著提高至0.262 S/m,热导率可达1.3379W/(m·K)。     

石墨烯纳米片对碳纤维/聚丙烯复合材料导热及力学性能的影响

采用熔融共混法制备了聚丙烯(PP)/石墨烯纳米片(GNSs)/碳纤维(CF)复合材料,研究了石墨烯纳米片含量对其导热性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,石墨烯纳米片和碳纤维混合使用,不仅对导热有明显的协同作用,力学性能也有一定提升。PP/GNSs(3 phr)/CF(2 phr)复合材料热导率为0. 42 W/(m·K),相对于纯PP、PP/GNSs(3 phr)复合材料分别提高了110%、31%;该复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度最大相对于纯PP提高了12%和13%,相对于PP/CF(2 phr)复合材料提高了8%和12%。     

碳纳米管/碳纤维增强聚苯硫醚复合材料研究

研究了采用碳纤维(CF)和碳纳米管(CNTs)增强聚苯硫醚(PPS)的力学性能和导电性能。实验分别采用CF和CNTs为添加剂,通过球磨混合后在平板硫化机上进行模压成型,制备出CF/PPS、CNTs/PPS和CNTs/CFPPS/复合材料。采用万能试验机测试复合材料的拉伸性能;采用数字式四探针测试仪测试材料的电导率。实验研究了CF和CNTs含量对其复合材料的导电性能和力学性能的影响,并进一步研究同时添加CF和CNTs对复合材料增强作用。通过分析复合材料的导电性能和力学性能,分别得出CF含量为20%、CNTs含量为15%时复合材料的力学性能和导电性能较理想。采用CF和CNTs同时增强PPS时,当CF添加16%、CNTs添加4%时,CNTs/CF/PPS复合材料性能较好。此外,对CF和CNTs增强机制进行初步讨论。     

硅橡胶/聚苯乙烯/石墨烯复合材料的制备及力学性能

以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,使苯乙烯(St)在α,ω-羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)和石墨烯纳米片(GN)共存的体系中进行自由基聚合,制备PDMS/聚苯乙烯(PS)/GN共混物;进一步对该共混物进行室温硫化(RTV)获得硅橡胶/PS/GN复合材料。探讨了PDMS与St的进料比、GN用量等对硅橡胶/PS/GN复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,当PDMS/St(质量百分比)为70/30、GN/PDMS(质量比)为0.5时,所得硅橡胶/PS/GN复合材料的拉伸强度可达到3.52 MPa,PS和GN对RTV硅橡胶的协同增强效果明显。     

聚偏氟乙烯/鳞片石墨/碳纤维高导热复合材料的制备

以聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）树脂为基体,天然鳞片石墨（FG）、碳纤维（CF）为填料,采用熔融共混法制备了PVDF/FG/CF复合导热材料,并研究了FG、CF含量及其改性对复合材料导热性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,复合材料的热导率随FG含量的增加而增大,力学性能随着FG含量的增加而降低;CF的加入提高了复合材料的力学性能,但热导率略有降低;对CF进行表面氧化处理将使得复合材料的热导率以及力学性能有所提高,当CF含量为5 %、FG含量为50 %时,复合材料的热导率为11.4 W/(m·K),拉伸强度为48 MPa,断裂伸长率为11 %。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.