累托石交换吸附特征研究进展

总结了累托石的结构和累托石交换吸附的机理 ,介绍了累托石交换吸附在处理废水中的应用 ,并对累托石材料研究方向作了展望     

累托石对模拟核素Sr~(2+)、Cs~+、Co~(2+)的吸附性能研究

分析湖北钟祥杨榨累托石矿床的累托石土样的基本物化特性的基础上,进行了累托石对模拟核素Sr2+、Cs+、Co2+的静态吸附性能的研究。实验表明,累托石的阳离子交换容量(CEC)为36.04 mmol/100 g,胀缩度为23.89%,渗透系数为6.94×10-8cm/s。在中性条件下,累托石对模拟核素Sr2+、Cs+、Co2+的平衡吸附量分别为70,48,20 mg/g。累托石对核素的吸附量会随着吸附时间的增加而逐渐趋于稳定。弱碱性条件下累托石的吸附效果更好。     

烧结法赤泥用于废水除磷的研究

采用不同浓度的双氧水活化赤泥,用静态吸附法研究了不同活化赤泥对于废水中磷的吸附性能,考察了处理温度、时间、pH等因素对脱磷的影响。采用热分析、XRD、FT-IR等手段对活化前后的赤泥进行了表征分析。结果表明：经活化处理的赤泥对磷的吸附能力较未活化的赤泥有了明显的提高,经质量分数为15%双氧水处理,再经700 ℃热处理的赤泥对磷的饱和吸附量可达252.40 mg/g。实验证明赤泥对磷的吸附符合Langmuir吸附模型,属于单分子层吸附。将经过活化的赤泥用于废水中磷的脱除,具有较好的应用前景。     

凹凸棒粘土对铀吸附性能的研究

用酸和热处理对凹凸棒粘土进行改性，研究了凹凸棒粘土对铀的吸附性能，确定了5％HCI酸活化和400℃热活化的样品具有最好的吸附性能，铀的去除率分别达到92．8％和94．95％，吸附量分别为37．11mg偿和37．90mg／g。     

环氧树脂/有机累托石纳米复合材料的研究

用十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵对累托石进行有机化处理，采用不同量的有机累托石与环氧树脂进行原位插层聚合，制得环氧树脂／有机累托石纳米复合材料，采用红外光谱分析、X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜分析、差示扫描量热分析和力学性能测试研究了有机累托石在环氧树脂中的分散性、纳米复合材料的力学性能和热性能。结果表明，有机累托石含量为3份时纳米复合材料的综合性能最佳，冲击强度和弯曲强度分别提高40％和33％；热变形温度和玻璃化转变温度分别提高30℃和11．5℃；而其热稳定性与纳米累托石粒子的分布和界面作用有关。     

改性累托石对酸性蓝GL的吸附

本文研究了CTMAB改性累托石和铝交联累托石对酸性蓝废水的吸附作用。结果表明改性的方法能够明显提高累托石对酸性蓝废水的脱色效率。铝交联累托石对酸性蓝的最大吸附量可达21mgg^-1以上，CTMAB改性交联累托石的最大吸附量可达18mgg^-1以上。其吸附规律可较好的符合Freundlich吸附等温式。与CTMAB改性累托石相比，铝交联累托石具有吸附速度快、容量大、可以再生的优点。     

凹凸棒土热改性对玉米秸秆稀酸水解液脱色的研究

采用焙烧酸化法对凹凸棒土进行了改性,通过单因素实验对凹凸棒土的热改性条件进行了优化,且采用N2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射、扫描电镜等表征手段对其脱色机理进行了研究。结果表明,对玉米秸秆稀酸水解液的脱色效果最佳的凹凸棒土热改性条件:450℃焙烧2 h、酸浓度10%。酸化作用使凹土内粒间杂质胶结物和碳酸盐矿物分解,疏通内部孔道,H+与凹土结构内阳离子置换,增大比表面积,改善其表面特性;焙烧活化可除去不同状态的水,改变其结构,增大孔容和比表面积;两者结合处理使颗粒白土的吸附脱色能力提高。     

改性方法对ATP孔道结构及Cr~(6+)吸附性能研究

凹凸棒石(ATP)作为天然二维纳米材料,因具有丰富孔道和较大比表面积被广泛用于水处理吸附剂,但其中含有大量杂质需提纯改性以期提高其吸附效率。文中研究焙烧、酸碱、水热、微波等一系列手段改性的凹凸棒石孔道结构变化及对水体中重金属离子Cr~(6+)的去除效果。研究结果证明:不同提纯改性方法对ATP的官能团、价键及孔道结构均产生影响。ATP-0(天然矿物)、ATP-1(碱焙烧)产物的吸附脱附曲线符合Ⅰ型等温线,说明以微孔为主;ATP-2(酸水热活化)、ATP-3(酸水热+碱改活化)及ATP-4(酸微波+碱改活化)的吸附曲线逐渐向Ⅳ型等温线转化,存在滞后环,孔道大小顺序为ATP-4APT-3ATP-2。吸附过程一般24—48 h达到平衡,对Cr~(6+)吸附效率强弱顺序为:ATP-4ATP-3ATP-2ATP-0ATP-1,ATP-4吸附效率达89.62%,吸附容量为18.32 mg/g。     

熔融插层法制备累托石/聚碳酸亚丙酯纳米复合材料的研究

采用熔融插层法制备了有机化累托石/聚碳酸亚丙酯纳米复合材料,通过X射线衍射、原子力显微镜、热重分析法测试了复合材料的结构与热性能。结果表明:聚碳酸亚丙酯能插层于累托石片层中,累托石/聚碳酸亚丙酯纳米复合材料的耐热性有了很大程度的提高。     

羟基锆交联累托石的制备及性能研究

以钠化累托石为原料进行改性 ,制备出羟基锆交联累托石 ,并研究了羟基锆交联累托石对COD模拟废水的吸附性能。试验结果表明 ,该交联剂可由 0 2mol/L的ZrOCl2 ·8H2 O溶液在 85℃下回流 1 2h制得 ;然后将其添加到累托石的悬浮液 (质量分数为 6 % )内 ,在 6 5℃下 ,再搅拌 2 5h ;生成物的BET法表面积为 9 2 5 0m2 g。     

Adsorption of thiram from aqueous solution on activated carbon and sepiolite

Adsorption of thiram on activated carbon and acid-heat treated sepiolite from aqueous solution at 10° C, 20° C, 30° C and 40° C has been studied. The adsorption isotherms may be classified as L type of the Giles classification which suggests that there is no strong competition from the solvent for adsorption sites. The experimental data points have been fitted to the Langmuir equation in order to calculate the adsorption capacities of the solids as well as their surface areas available to the thiram molecules. The removal efficiency (P) has been calculated for both adsorbents resulting that activated carbon is more effective (P = 98–100%) in removing thiram from aqueous solution than acid-heat treated sepiolite (P = 14–52%).     

累托石对水中扑尔敏的吸附性能

对累托石对水中扑尔敏的吸附性能进行了研究,系统地研究了吸附时间、溶液浓度、pH值对其吸附行为产生的影响。实验结果表明:累托石对扑尔敏的吸附速率先快速增大后趋于平缓,反应系统达到吸附平衡的时间约为22 h;在等温吸附研究中,室温下累托石对扑尔敏的最大吸附量为121.76 mg/g,吸附等温线方程符合Langmuir等温模型;吸附行为符合拟二级动力学方程;在pH值为2～8时,吸附量随pH值的升高而增大。     

除氟剂的制备

以累托石、氢氧化铝等为原料,采用正交分析方法制备了累托石除氟剂。结果表明,所制备的除氟剂的吸附容量为2.21mgF-/g。     

Adsorption of Th(IV) onto Al-pillared rectorite: Effect of pH, ionic strength, temperature, soil humic acid and fulvic acid

The adsorption of Th(IV) onto Al-pillared rectorite as a function of rectorite concentration, Th concentration, pH, ionic strength, temperature, soil humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) was studied by using batch technique under ambient condition. The results indicated that the adsorption of Th(IV) onto Al-pillared rectorite strongly depended on pH and ionic strength, and the adsorption of Th(IV) increased with increasing Al-pillared rectorite concentration. The presence of HA/FA enhanced Th(IV) adsorption at low pH and reduced Th(IV) adsorption at high pH. The adsorption of Th(IV) decreased with increasing temperature, indicating that the adsorption process of Th(IV) onto Al-pillared rectorite was exothermic. The experimental data of Th(IV) adsorption were analyzed with the Freundlich and Langmuir models, showing that the Freundlich model fitted the adsorption data better than the Langmuir model. The adsorption of Th(IV) on Al-pillared rectorite may be dominated by surface complexation and cation exchange also contributed partly to Th(IV) adsorption.     

Highly selective removal of organic dyes from aqueous solutions with chitin beads entrapping rectorite

By blending chitin with rectorite and organic rectorite in an 8 wt % NaOH/4 wt % urea aqueous solution, we successfully fabricated millimeter‐scale chitin/rectorite composite beads (BCRs) and chitin/organic rectorite beads (BCO), respectively, via an optimal dropping technology. The adsorption of the organic dyes on the BCRs and BCOs were investigated to evaluate the selective removal of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) of different charges. Adsorption kinetics experiments were carried out, and the data fit a pseudo‐second‐order equation well. The results reveal that the BCR and BCO sorbents efficiently and selectively adsorbed MO and MB, respectively, from wastewater. The adsorption capacity (Q_e) and removed percentage of MB by BCR were 0.1978 mg/g and 98.90%. The Q_e and R values of MO by BCO were 0.3988 mg/g and 99.70%. Therefore, in this study, we dealt with the development of a clean and safe process for water pollution remediation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40905.     

改性海泡石对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

对海泡石进行了硫酸改性、高温改性、硫酸/高温改性,以亚甲基蓝为吸附对象,研究了改性方法对海泡石吸附性能的影响,对各改性海泡石进行了孔径、孔体积等表征. 结果表明,3种改性方法中,硫酸/高温改性对海泡石吸附性能的提高效果最好,吸附量比改性前提高47.8%,达41 mg/g,吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程. 硫酸/高温复合改性后的海泡石平均孔径达9.74 nm,孔体积达7.064′10-2 cm3/g,分别提高117%和92.6%. 对改性海泡石对亚甲基兰的吸附机理进行了探讨.     

羟基铁交联累托石吸附重金属离子Cr6+的研究

研究羟基铁交联累托石的制备及其对Cr6+的吸附性能.当溶液pH值为3左右,羟基铁交联累托石(以下简称CLR)～的用量为13.2g/LH20时,常温振荡吸附60min,Cr6+的去除率可达到98%,残留Cr6+浓度可降至0.5mg/L以下.     

铁交联累托石处理含硝基酚钠废水的研究

用累托石与铁交联剂进行交联反应,在原土悬浮液为5%,铁交联剂投加质量分数为6%,pH值为3.00,温度为40℃,交联2h的条件下所得铁交联累托石,由X射线衍射(XRD)显示,其d001由2.3nm提高到3.6~4.0nm。对含硝基酚钠工业废水进行吸附处理试验,结果表明,铁交联累托石对硝基酚钠的静态吸附容量为12.89mg/g,吸附热力学参数分别为:ΔH=6.68kJ/mol,ΔG=-3.91kJ/mol,ΔS=35.9J/(mol·K),等温吸附遵循Freundlich曲线,吸附速率常数K295=4.72×10-4s-1。