声场高温流化床流化特性

在内径50 mm、高1000 mm的声场高温鼓泡流化床中,研究Geldart A, B两类颗粒的流化特性,考察了床层温度、声波频率及声压级对流化床最小流化速度的影响. 结果表明,引入声场后,颗粒的最小流化速度随温度升高而下降;固定温度及频率,最小流化速度随声压级增大而减小;固定声压级与温度,颗粒最小流化速度随声波频率增大先减小后增大,存在一个最佳频率范围. 对床内压力波动信号进行分析,得出声场影响高温流化床流化质量的判据：当声压大于110 dB、频率在100~200 Hz范围内时压力波动偏差与最小流化速度值最小.     

轮胎包络特性及冲击特性的影响因素研究

以215/55R17轮胎为研究对象,研究不同的充气压力与负荷对轮胎包络特性及冲击特性的影响。结果表明：在低速包络试验中,轮胎的径向力峰值随充气压力的增大而增大,随负荷的增大而减小,纵向力峰峰值随充气压力与负荷的增大而增大,但变化幅度不大;在冲击试验中,轮胎的径向力峰值与纵向力峰峰值随充气压力的增大而增大,径向力峰值随负荷的变化受到速度的影响但变化幅度较小,纵向力峰峰值随负荷的增大而增大。     

A类颗粒在声场流化床中的流化特性

在内径为120mm的半圆柱形声场流化床中,以平均粒径55μm的玻璃珠作为流化介质,考察了声压级和声波频率对玻璃珠在声场流化床中流化特性的影响。结果表明:声波的引入可以显著降低玻璃珠的临界流化速度。声波频率一定时,临界流化速度随声压的增大而减小;声压一定时,临界流化速度在声波频率为80Hz左后时达到最小值,低于或高于此值,声波作用效果均减弱。     

超声振动作用下的聚合物塑化机理研究

利用理论并结合实验对超声振动作用下聚合物的塑化进行了研究,探讨了超声波熔融塑化中的摩擦热效应和超声空化效应,并采用数值分析方法研究了不同参数对超声波空化效应的影响.结果表明:低频及较高声压幅值有利于空化效应的发生.利用自制的超声振动塑化装置,实验研究了不同声压幅值对超声振动成型塑料制件质量的影响,进一步验证了空化效应在聚合物超声波熔融塑化的主导作用.     

电导探针法测量高固含体系循环液速和气含率

基于电导探针和示踪法,开发了一种利用电导探针同时测量环流反应器中高固含体系下循环液速和局部气含率的方法. 利用2个单针电导探头测量脉冲注入KCl饱和溶液后两路电导信号的先后响应,测得两路液体的停留时间分布曲线. 通过对单路信号进行幅值分析可以得到气含率,与压差法相比测量值误差小于5%;通过对过滤气泡信号后的液体的停留时间分布曲线进行相关处理可得到循环液速,测量值与超声多普勒(UDV)的测量结果一致. 实验研究了外环流反应器中操作条件对气含率和循环液速的影响. 结果表明,低表观气速下气含率沿径向分布较均匀,高于0.1 m/s后逐渐呈抛物线型分布,整体随表观气速增加而增大;循环液速随表观气速增加近似线性增大,随固含率增加而减小.     

液固磁稳定床中固含率分布与液相返混特性

固含率分布和液相返混系数是液固磁稳定反应器放大与优化所必需的基础数据。采用床层膨胀高度法、光电法及瞬态点源示踪技术,研究了以SRNA-4催化剂为固相的液固磁稳定床中固含率分布和液相返混特性。试验结果表明,固含率轴向分布基本均匀,径向为“扁-陡曲线”分布。固含率随磁场强度和颗粒尺寸的增大而增大,随液体粘度和空塔液速的增大而减小。轴向液相返混系数随磁场强度和液体粘度的增大而减小,随空塔液速和颗粒尺寸的增大而增大。回归得到了固含率和轴向普朗特准数的关联式,预测值与试验值吻合良好。     

声波与喷雾对于飞灰颗粒团聚的影响

为了研究声波团聚的影响因素，以燃煤飞灰细颗粒作为声波团聚的实验对象，使用光学颗粒物粒径谱仪测量颗粒的粒径分布与浓度，主要研究了声波频率与喷雾对声波团聚的影响。结果表明：在声波的作用下，细颗粒浓度显著减少，且声波团聚效果对频率较为敏感；无论在高声压还是低声压级下，1400Hz的频率下能获得最佳的团聚效果；在加入喷雾后，颗粒物浓度显著减小，且随着喷雾量增大，颗粒物浓度越小；分析了喷雾增强团聚效果的机理：在加入喷雾后，细颗粒间的相对运动增强；同时喷雾颗粒增大了颗粒浓度，增大了细颗粒碰撞概率；此外，喷雾改变燃煤飞灰细颗粒的表面特性，使颗粒的表面黏性增大，有助于团聚体形成。     

声波在钻柱中传输数值模拟研究

本文针对声波信号在钻柱中传输建模与分析,采用有限元法建立钻柱模型,并分析声信号在钻柱中传输特性。使用方波作为径向激励信号,对钻柱接收端声波信号进行数值模拟。结果表明:声波在钻柱中的传输声波信号随着时间的增长而衰减,持续出现不同的振动幅值,是一条包络呈指数衰减的信号。模拟结果与理论分析相符,该建模方法有效。     

结构设计参数对轮胎振动噪声的影响

结合模态声学传递向量和边界元方法预测子午线轮胎振动噪声,并对轮胎外轮廓部件的声学贡献度进行分析。结果表明:改变轮胎水平轴位置和加强层高度会改变声压峰值处轮胎各结构部件对声压的贡献量;降低轮胎外轮廓声学正贡献部件的声压幅值,或增加负贡献部件的数量,可以达到降低轮胎振动辐射噪声的目的。     

通过数值模拟方法讨论声悬浮装置中颗粒稳定性

通过数值模拟的方法讨论了声悬浮装置中几种对颗粒稳定性有影响的因素。结果表明,声源声压级增强会引起声压波形的畸变,增加谐波成分;改变腔室长度,也会影响到谐波的分布。和这些特性相联系的是,在一个周期内,声压节点位置随声源声压级增加而出现不稳定;在声源产压级较低时,声辐射压分布几乎处处为零,随着声压级增加,节点处声辐射压幅值增加,颗粒稳定性增强。     

三维上流式反应器床层流动和返混特性

采用内径为280 mm的上流式反应器,以空气模拟气相、甘油和水混合溶液模拟渣油。用3种不同粒径的氧化铝球形工业催化剂颗粒为填充颗粒,考察了不同模拟物系的颗粒粒径、颗粒密度、液相黏度、不同床层的高径比和不同操作条件对上流式反应器内床层压降及其波动、床层轴向返混的影响规律。得到模拟工业运行物系和操作条件的上流式反应器床层总压降关联式,相对误差在12%以内。床层总压降均随床层高径比、颗粒密度和液相黏度增加而增大,但随颗粒粒径的增大而减小,床层压降波动随表观气速增加而增大。填充颗粒粒径越小、颗粒密度越小、高径比越大,床层内轴向返混越严重;床层内压降和轴向返混均随表观气速的增加而增大。     

滴流床反应器流体力学的研究进展

系统综述了滴流床反应器的流体力学研究现状，分析了流型的转变、床层压降和持液量的关联结果，总结了主要的反应器模型和压力对床层压降及持液量的影响，并详细讨论了操作方式对滴流床反应器流体力学的影响。     

浸没循环撞击流反应器内的压力波动

Pressure fluctuation in the submerged circulative impinging stream reactor （SCISR） is studied by measuring the dynamic pressure with micro pressure sensors of high accuracy, with water as the process material. Experimental results show that the maximum amplitude of fluctuation can be up to about 1.6kPa. On the power spectra the fluctuation is relatively concentrated in the range of 〈1000Hz, with some weak peeks in acoustic wave range. The space profile of intensive fluctuation region in the reactor is determined. The region is found to take the form of a couple truncated cones of empty core, with coincided bottoms, and is symmetrical with respect to the impinging plane and approximately symmetrical about the axis, essentially independent of u0. The integral intensity of fluctuation increases as the impinging velocity, Uo increasing.     

Vapour–liquid slip in a parallel-plate electrochemical fluorination reactor

A mathematical model was used to study the effect of slip between the gas and liquid phases on the performance of an electrochemical fluorination reactor. The model incorporates two-phase flow with differential material, energy and pressure balances. The effect of slip on the temperature, pressure, gas fraction and current distribution in the reactor is presented under relatively severe operating conditions. In addition, the effect of slip on the cell voltage, current efficiency and energy usage is shown at different flow rates over a wide current range. It was found that slip of the gas past the liquid is insignificant under normal operating conditions, but it is significant at high cell currents and low flow rates. Under these more severe operating conditions, slip significantly reduces the cell voltage, and hence the energy usage, since less gas resides in the reactor.     

Liquid‐phase axial dispersion of turbulent gas–liquid co‐current flow through screen‐type static mixers

This article discusses the characteristics of turbulent gas–liquid flow through tubular reactors/contactors equipped with screen‐type static mixers from a macromixing perspective. The effect of changing the reactor configuration, and the operating conditions, were investigated by using four different screen geometries of varying mesh numbers. Residence time distribution experiments were conducted in the turbulent regime (4500 < Re < 29,000). Using a deconvolution technique, the RTD function was extracted to quantify the axial/longitudinal liquid‐phase dispersion coefficient. The findings highlight that axial dispersion increases with an increasing flow rate and/or gas‐phase volume fraction. However, regardless of the number and geometry of the mixing elements, reactor configuration, and/or operating conditions, the recorded liquid‐phase axial dispersion coefficients in the presence of screens was lower than that for an empty pipe. Furthermore, the geometry of the screen was found to directly affect the axial dispersion coefficient in the reactor. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 1390–1403, 2017     

Hydrodynamics and flow regime transition study of trickle bed reactor at elevated temperature and pressure

The hydrodynamics in a trickle bed reactor (TBR) in non-ambient conditions are studied for air-water and air-acetone (pure organic liquid of low surface tension) systems. A flow map experiments for air-water and air-acetone systems are performed in a pilot plant reactor of 0.05 m i.d. and 1.25 m height. It has been demonstrated from the experimental results that the pressure drop tends to increase with increasing superficial gas and liquid velocity and reactor pressure, while it tends to decrease with increasing bed temperature. The results also show that the dynamic liquid holdup increases with increasing liquid velocity and decreases with increasing superficial gas velocity, reactor pressure and bed temperature. The dynamic liquid holdup and pressure drop values are obviously higher than those measured for air-water system at the same fluid fluxes, reactor pressure and bed temperature due to the surface tension effects. For higher reactor pressure and temperature, the trickle to pulse transition boundary shifts towered higher superficial velocities of both gas and liquid.     

固定床反应器环形分布器内流场模拟与流体均布性能分析

环形分布器是实现列管式固定床反应器壳程换热介质均匀流动的重要部件。采用计算流体力学方法分析了环形分布器内的静压分布规律,并考察了环形分布器的结构形式,如进口数目、出口数目等因素对流体均布效果的影响。通过计算发现,均匀开孔时,在其它结构参数和进口总流量保持不变的情况下,出口数目对流体均布的影响不是单调的,一定范围内减少出口数目有利于流体均布;增加进口数目有利于环形分布器内各个出口的流体均布。对模拟结果进行分析发现,当总压降与穿孔压降的比值U在0.95~1.06之间时,均匀开孔即能满足流体均布的要求。     

The ejector-driven monolith loop reactor — experiments and modeling

A novel catalytic gas–liquid reactor configuration, consisting of a monolithic reactor with a liquid-motive ejector as gas–liquid distributor is introduced as a retrofit or alternative to an agitated slurry reactor. The ejector distributes gas and liquid to the channels of a monolith reactor at velocities greater than those attainable with gravity-driven flow, intensifying mass transfer and reaction in a compact reactor. Pressure drops measured using this configuration do not conform to models from the literature. A strong effect of liquid coalescence properties was observed. Until fully predictive pressure drop and gas–liquid distribution models become available, successful scale-up will depend on pressure-drop data measured with industrial process conditions and fluids. Current literature models for mass transfer underpredict laboratory autoclave reaction results, indicating a need for further model development, and in the interim requiring pilot-scale testing for scale-up purposes.     

气液混合式撞击流反应器流场特性数值模拟

撞击流反应器具有高效传质和相间强相互作用等优点,在工业上被广泛应用。基于传统撞击流反应器构建了新型二路加速管同轴对置撞击流反应器,进行了以空气为连续相、液态水为离散相的流场混合特性模拟,分析了不同气相流速下气液高速混合流动过程,研究内部流场速度、压力分布及颗粒直径与停滞时间的变化特性。结果表明,流场分布关于撞击面对称,且驻点处压力、速度波动最剧烈。随初始气相速度增加,流场速度呈先平缓上升再缓慢下降,后急剧下降的趋势;流场压力呈先平缓下降再缓慢上升再急速上升,以M型双波峰逐渐趋于重合的趋势,且驻点处压力值非线性增加。当气相初始速度uout =30 m/s, uin =15 m/s时,撞击区域的速度梯度与压力梯度最大,湍动能最强;液滴在反应器中的平均直径最小、滞留时间较长,且明显优于传统反应器。     

复合床反应器中液体停留时间分布模拟研究

在对置式复合床液停留时间分布的实验研究基础上,对2喷嘴对置式复合床液体停留时间分布的三维模型进行了研究。使用压力喷嘴模型,水-氮气系统,用Fluent模拟了气量、液体流量对液体停留时间分布的影响,与实验值进行了比较。结果表明,尽管实验值与模拟值的平均停留时间tm之间存在一定差别,但在整个停留时间分布上,二者吻合较好。通过对模拟结果分析,发现喷嘴撞击区有较强混合,但在撞击区之后较长的空间,气体保持平推流,与实验结果一致。